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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 109-117页

作者： andrew mACPHERSON John A.HOLmES andrew m.mUIR David L.G.NOAKES Axelrod Institute of Ichthyology and Department of Zoology University of Guelph Faculty of Architecture Landscape and Design University of Toronto Pacific Biological Station Fisheries and Oceans Canada Golder Associates Fisheries and Wildlife Department and Oregon Hatchery Research Center Oregon State University

We collected lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and round whitefish Prosopium cylindraceum from the mainbasin of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America to investigate details of diet and feedingtactics of these species in different seasons. Lake whitefish supports important commercial fisheries in Lake Huron and both speciesmake use of habitats near the Bruce Nuclear Power Development, on the eastern shore of Lake Huron. most fish of bothspecies showed generalist feeding behavior, but some lake whitefish appeared to show specialist prey selection. The invasivespiny water flea Bythotrephes longimanus was an important component of the diet of both species. There was considerable dietaryoverlap between the whitefish species, but the ecological implications of these dietary overlaps are mitigated by the fact thatdominant prey species differed in most seasons. We conclude that the potential for ecologically significant interactions betweenlake whitefish and round whitefish resulting from competition for similar benthic food resources in the main basin of Lake Huronis probably

关键词：湖白鲑白鱼竞争喂养评估生态影响休伦湖核电发展

Altered Endothelin-1 Signaling in Production of Thromboxane A_(2) in Kupffer Cells from Bile Duct Ligated Rats

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2009年第6期6卷 441-452页

作者： andrew m.miller Jian X.Zhang Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Charlotte9201 University City BlvdCharlotteNC 28223USA Section on Liver Biology Laboratory of Physiologic StudiesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Charlotte9201 University City BlvdCharlotteNC 28223

Kupffer cells(KCs),the liver resident macrophages accounting for 80-90%of the total population of fixed tissue macrophages in the body,not only play a key role in host defense via removing particulate materials from the portal circulation,but may also contribute to the pathogenesis of various liver *** have previously demonstrated that KCs play an important role in controlling portal hypertension and hepatocellular injury via releasing thromboxane A_(2)(TXA_(2))in early fibrosis induced by one-week bile duct ligation(BDL).Production of TXA_(2) is controlled by cytosolic phospholipase A_(2)(cPLA_(2))that is activated by the interaction of entothelin-1(ET-1)with its G-protein coupled ET receptor B(ETBR).However,the signaling pathways that contribute to the ET-1-induced activation of cPLA_(2) and production of TXA_(2) in KCs in the normal healthy or injured livers are not yet clear,which are investigated in the present study using isolated KCs from one-week BDL or sham *** pharmacological inhibition of cPLA_(2) or chelation of intracellular calcium abrogated the ET-1 induction of TXA_(2) from *** to those from sham rats,KCs from BDL animals displayed a significantly enhanced responsiveness of p38 mAPK to ET-1,increased ETBR and Gai subunit but decreased Gaq and Ga11 *** of ERK1/2 or Gq signaling abrogated significantly the ET-1 induction of TXA_(2) in sham KCs but only slightly in BDL *** contrast,inhibition of p38 mAPK and Gi signaling markedly attenuated the ET-1 induction of TXA_(2) in BDL KCs but had no effect in sham ***,inhibition of PLC or PKC abrogated ET-1 induction of TXA_(2) in KCs from both sham and BDL *** hepatic stress(such as BDL)induces significant modifications in the receptor and intermediates of ET-1 signaling in KC and subsequently alters ET-1 signaling mechanisms,particularly a shift from Gq induced signaling to Gi induced signaling,in the activation of cPLA_(2) and production of TXA_(2) in

关键词： Kupffer cell,endothelin-1,cytosolic phospholipase A_(2),mAPK TXA_(2),bile duct ligation

Numerical Study of the Impact of Wake Surfing on Inland Bodies of Water

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第3期14卷 238-272页

作者： Endicott m. Fay andrew Gunderson Arden Anderson Cotty Fay marine Design Inc. Bainbridge Island WA USA mercury marine Fond du Lac WI USA

In many areas around the world, wake surfing has been cited as one of the major causes of lakeshore erosion and turbidity. This paper quantifies the impact related to turbidity and erosion with the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of boat wakes in shallow water and the build-up of wind driven waves. The energy, type and direction of the boat’s wake are described quantitatively and a table for predicting wind driven waves over varying fetches, depth and wind speeds is provided. The CFD simulation shows that if a wake surf boat is operated 200 ft from shore and in at least 10 ft of water, the environmental impact is minimal.

关键词： CFD Erosion Waves Wakes Wind Driven Waves

Initial impacts of rain gardens＇ application on water quality and quantity in combined sewer： field-scale experiment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 127-138页

作者： Isam Alyaseri Jianpeng Zhou Susan m. morgan andrew Bartlett Department of Civil Engineering Al-Muthanna University Alsamawah Al-Muthanna 72001 Iraq Department of Civil Engineering Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026 USA Graduate School Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026 USA Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA

Green infrastructures such as rain gardens can benetit onsite reduction ot stormwater runott, leading to reduced combined sewer overflows. A pilot project was conducted to evaluate the impact of rain gardens on the water quality and volume reduction of storm runoff from urban streets in a combined sewer area. The study took place in a six-block area on South Grand Boulevard in St. Louis, missouri. The impact was assessed through a comparison between the pre-construction （2011/2012） and the post-construction （2014） phases. Shortly after the rain gardens were installed, the levels of total suspended solids, chloride, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, zinc, and copper increased. The level of mercury was lower than the detection level in both phases. E. coli was the only parameter that showed statistically significant decrease following the installation of rain gardens. The likely reason for initial increase in monitored water quality parameters is that the post-construction sampling began after the rain gardens were constructed but before planting, resulted from soil erosion and wash-out from the mulch. However, the levels of most of water quality parameters decreased in the following time period during the post-construction phase. The study found 76% volume reduction of stormwater runoff following the installation of rain gardens at one of studied sites. Statistical analysis is essential on collected data because of the encountered high variability of measured flows resulted from low flow conditions in studied sewers.

关键词： Rain gardens Bioretention Combined sewer Stormwater quality and quantity

Pain management strategies in penile implantation

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第1期22卷 34-38页

作者： Jeffrey L Ellis andrew m Higgins Jay Simhan Department of Urology Einstein Healthcare NetworkDivision of Urologic OncologyDepartment of Surgical OncologyFox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPA 19141 USA

The opioid epidemic continues to be a serious public health *** have pointed to prescription drug misuse as a nidus for patients to become addicted to opioids and as such,urologists and other surgical subspecialists must critically define optimal pain management for the various procedures performed within their respective *** pain following penile prosthesis implantation remains a unique challenge for urologists,given the increased pain patients commonly experience in the postoperative *** most of the existing urological literature focuses on interventions performed in the operating room,there are many studies that examine the role of preoperative adjunctive pain medicine in diminishing postoperative narcotic *** are relatively few studies looking at postoperative strategies for managing pain in prosthetic surgery with follow-up past the immediate *** review assess the various strategies employed for managing pain following penile implantation through the lens of the current state of the opioid crisis,thus examining how urologists can responsibly treat pain without contributing to the growing threat of opioid addiction.

关键词： analgesia epidemic opioid pain prosthetic

A flexible and scalable scheme for mixing computed formation energies from different levels of theory

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npj Computational materials 2022年第1期8卷 1857-1867页

作者： Ryan S.Kingsbury andrew S.Rosen Ayush S.Gupta Jason m.munro Shyue Ping Ong Anubhav Jain Shyam Dwaraknath matthew K.Horton Kristin A.Persson Department of materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA miller Institute for Basic Research in Science University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA University of California San Diego La JollaCA92093USA molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA

Computational materials discovery efforts are enabled by large databases of properties derived from high-throughput density functional theory(DFT),which now contain millions of calculations at the generalized gradient approximation(GGA)level of *** is now feasible to carry out high-throughput calculations using more accurate methods,such as meta-GGA DFT;however recomputing an entire database with a higher-fidelity method would not effectively leverage the enormous investment of computational resources embodied in existing(GGA)***,we propose here a general procedure by which higher-fidelity,low-coverage calculations(e.g.,meta-GGA calculations for selected chemical systems)can be combined with lower-fidelity,high-coverage calculations(e.g.,an existing database of GGA calculations)in a robust and scalable *** then use legacy PBE(+U)GGA calculations and new r2SCAN meta-GGA calculations from the materials Project database to demonstrate that our scheme improves solid and aqueous phase stability predictions,and discuss practical considerations for its implementation.

关键词： theory scheme theory

Clinical lesson learned from genetic analysis in patients prior to surgical repair of hypospadias

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Asian Journal of Urology 2022年第2期9卷 186-189页

作者： Nurin A.Listyasari Gorjana Robevska Katie L.Ayers Tiong Yang Tan andrew H.Sinclair Sultana m.H.Faradz Division of Human Genetics Center for Biomedical ResearchFaculty of Medicine Diponegoro UniversitySemarangIndonesia murdoch Children’s Research Institute MelbourneAustralia Department of Paediatrics University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Victorian Clinical Genetics Services Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneAustralia Diponegoro National Hospital SemarangIndonesia

In Indonesia,undervirilisation in 46,XY males is the most common form of difference of sex development(DSD).This can include hypospadias(misplacement of the urethra),micropenis,bifid scrotum,and undescended testis[1].Undervirilisation or 46,XY DSD can be associated with a number of congenital syndromes,including Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome(OmIm 602858),caused by an inborn error of cholesterol synthesis,and characterised by growth delay,intellectual disability,microcephaly,distinctive facial features,cleft palate,limb anomalies,and hypospadias[2]or Opitz syndrome(also known as Opitz G/BBB syndrome).Opitz syndrome can be caused by variants in the X-linked midline 1(mID1)gene(Type I)or in an autosomal dominant manner by monoallelic variants in sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1-like(SPECC1L)on chromosome 22q11.2(Type II)[3].Opitz syndrome is characterised by hypospadias,hypertelorism,cleft lip/palate,and heart defects[4].The prevalence of X-linked Opitz syndrome is estimated to be from 1 in 50000 to 1 in 100000 males[5].Recognition of a syndrome informs appropriate clinical management and patient ***,although these syndromes are rare,hypospadias may be diagnosed before the emergence of other comorbidities meaning that it is crucial for clinicians to perform a thorough clinical evaluation with syndromic causes in mind.

关键词： cholesterol analysis prior

On the horizon:Hedgehog signaling to heal broken bones

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Bone Research 2022年第1期10卷 20-30页

作者： Stephanie T.Kuwahara Shuwan Liu andrew Chareunsouk maxwell Serowoky Francesca V.mariani University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineLos AngelesCA 90033USA

Uncovering the molecular pathways that drive skeletal repair has been an ongoing challenge. Initial efforts have relied on in vitro assays to identify the key signaling pathways that drive cartilage and bone differentiation. While these assays can provide some clues, assessing specific pathways in animal models is critical. Furthermore, definitive proof that a pathway is required for skeletal repair is best provided using genetic tests. Stimulating the Hh(Hedgehog) pathway can promote cartilage and bone differentiation in cell culture assays. In addition, the application of HH protein or various pathway agonists in vivo has a positive influence on bone healing. Until recently, however, genetic proof that the Hh pathway is involved in bone repair has been lacking. Here, we consider both in vitro and in vivo studies that examine the role of Hh in repair and discuss some of the challenges inherent in their interpretation. We also identify needed areas of study considering a new appreciation for the role of cartilage during repair, the variety of cell types that may have differing roles in repair, and the recent availability of powerful lineage tracing techniques. We are optimistic that emerging genetic tools will make it possible to precisely define when and in which cells promoting Hh signaling can best promote skeletal repair, and thus, the clinical potential for targeting the Hh pathway can be realized.

关键词： healing Hedgehog horizon

Vascular disease in the older adult

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第9期13卷 727-732页

作者： andrew P miller Christopher m Huff Gary S Roubin Cardio Vascular Associates Birmingham Alabama USA

Among older adults, incidence and prevalence of aortic disease, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and venous thromboembolism (VTE) increase as age-related alterations in vascular structure and function are compounded by longer exposure to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This review highlights the unique presentations and treatment strategies for aortic dissection, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), PAD, and VTE in older adults.

关键词：大动脉的疾病心血管的疾病外部动脉的疾病老

WEAK ERROR ESTImATES FOR TRAJECTORIES OF SPDEs UNDER SPECTRAL GALERKIN DISCRETIZATION

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Journal of Computational mathematics 2018年第2期36卷 159-182页

作者： Charles-Edouard Brehier martin Hairer andrew m. Stuart Univ Lyon CNRS Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UMR5208 Institut Camille Jordan F-69622 Villeurbanne France Department of mathematics Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK Computing and mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 305-16 Pasadena CA 91125 USA

We consider stochastic semi-linear evolution equations which are driven by additive, spatially correlated, Wiener noise, and in particular consider problems of heat equation （analytic semigroup） and damped-driven wave equations （bounded semigroup） type. We discretize these equations by means of a spectral Galerkin projection, and we study the approximation of the probability distribution of the trajectories： test functions are regular, but depend on the values of the process on the interval [0, T]. We introduce a new approach in the context of quantative weak error analysis for discretization of SPDEs. The weak error is formulated using a deterministic function （It6 map） of the stochastic convolution found when the nonlinear term is dropped. The regularity properties of the It6 map are exploited, and in particular second-order Taylor expansions employed, to transfer the error from spectral approximation of the stochastic convolution into the weak error of interest. We prove that the weak rate of convergence is twice the strong rate of convergence in two situations. First, we assume that the covariance operator commutes with the generator of the semigroup： the first order term in the weak error expansion cancels out thanks to an independence property. Second, we remove the commuting assumption, and extend the previous result, thanks to the analysis of a new error term depending on a commutator.

关键词： Stochastic Partial Differential Equations Weak approximation Spectral Galerkin discretization