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Seasonal diet and microbiome shifts in wild rhesus macaques are better correlated at the level of nutrient components than food items

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 1147-1161页

作者： Zhenwei CUI andrew JHOLmES Wenjuan ZHANG Dalong HU Qi SHAO Zhenlong WANG Jiqi LU David RAUBENHEImER Centre for Nutritional Ecology Centre for Sport Nutrition and HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina School of Life Sciences Institute of Biodiversity and EcologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina School of Basic medical Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Charles Perkins Centre School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia School of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina

Food supply is one of the major drivers of animal behavior,and the gut microbiome is an important mediator be-tween food supply and its effects on ***,predicting the outcome of diet change on microbiome and consequences for the animal has proven extremely *** propose this reﬂects processes occurring at different *** accounting for the multi-level complexity of nutrition(nutrients,foods,diets)obscures the diet inﬂuence on microbiome and subsequently ***,we present a detailed year-round,multi-level analysis of diet and microbiome changes in a wild population of a temperate primate,the rhesus macaque(macaca mulatta).Total daily food and nutrient intake of 6 male and 6 female macaques was monitored in each of the 4 sea-sons(total 120 days observations).For each individual,we found signiﬁcant variation in the microbiome between all 4 *** response was more strongly correlated with changes in macronutrient intake than with food items and much of the response could be explained at the level of 6 ecological guilds—sets of taxa sharing similar responses to nutrient *** conclude that study of diet,microbiome,and animal performance in ecology will more effectively identify patterns if diet is recorded at the level of nutrient *** microbiome response to diet does show variation in species-level taxa in response to food items,there is greater commonality in response at the level of guilds.A goal for microbiome researchers should be to identify genes encoding microbial attributes that can deﬁne such guilds.

关键词： gut microbiome macaque nutrition nutritional ecology seasonality

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Differences in metabolic Stress Using a Breathing Restrictive mask Compared to Hypobaric Hypoxia During Cycling at a matched Workload

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第4期4卷 397-404页

作者： Bryanne N.Bellovary andrew D.Wells Zachary J.Fennel Jonathan m.Houck Desmond J.millender Kelsey C.Bourbeau Christine m.mermier Department of Health Exerciseand Sports SciencesUniversity of New MexicoJohnson Center B143 MSC042610AlbuquerqueNM 87131-0001USA

Purpose The Elevation Training mask(ETm)has been assessed for its impact on exercise performance using acute and training *** the ETm is widely available to consumers,little research exists for validation of the ETm mask ***,the purpose of this study was to compare physiological responses during exercise for the ETm mask settings against moderate hypobaric *** Nine participants living at moderate altitude(1600-1650 m)rested(10 min)and cycled in hypobaric hypoxia simulating 2743 m(ALT),in hypobaric hypoxia simulating 1829 m with the ETm set to 914 m(ALT+ETm),and with the ETm set to 2743 m(ETm)in a randomized *** cycled for 20 min at 60%VO_(2max)as determined by a maximal exertion test(VO_(2max))at baseline *** consumption was measured throughout each *** There were no differences between conditions at *** measures ANOVA showed the ALT condition elicited significantly greater VO_(2) compared to the ETm condition and 60%VO_(2max)at baseline altitude(Pmatched workload,the exercising VO_(2) was higher in the ALT condition than at the ETm mask setting of 2743 m and exercising VO2 during the ETm condition was similar to 60%VO_(2max)at baseline *** results of this study indicate that the ETm did not produce additional metabolic stress compared to hypobaric hypoxia during steady-state exercise in moderate-altitude living individuals.

关键词： Intermittent hypoxia Training mask Acute cycling Altitude

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Brain weight predicts yawn duration across domesticated dog breeds

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 401-405页

作者： andrew C.Gallup Lea moscatello Jorg J.m.massen Psychology Program Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesSUNY Polytechnic InstituteUticaNY13502USA Department of Psychology SUNY College at OneontaOneontaNY13820USA Animal Ecology Group Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8Utrecht CH3584The Netherlands

Previous research shows that yawning enhances intracranial circulation and regulates brain temperature. Consistent with these functional outcomes, yawn duration correlates positively with interspecies variation in brain weight across mammals, with robust relationships documented at both the taxonomic rank of class and the more restricted scale of family (e.g., Felidae). This study provides the first investigation into whether differences in brain weight within a single species, domesticated dogs Canis lupus familiaris, can predict intraspecific variation in yawn duration. measures of yawn duration were obtained from public videos available online and then paired with previously published brain and body weight data of different dog breeds. The final sample consisted of 272 yawns from 198 dogs across 23 breeds. Consistent with recent studies, we find robust correlations between yawn duration and brain weight across breeds. moreover, these correlations remain significant after controlling for differences in body weight across breeds. These findings replicate and extend upon past work in this area and provide further support that yawns evolved to serve an important and large-scale neurophysiologic function.

关键词： brain cooling brain size cortical arousal neuroanatomy

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mortality in patients with heart failure and suicidal ideation discharged to skilled nursing facilities

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第3期19卷 198-208页

作者： melanie L Bozzay Lan Jiang andrew R Zullo melissa R Riester Jacob A Lafo Zachary J Kunicki James L Rudolph Caroline madrigal Rachel Clements Sebhat Erqou Wen-Chih Wu Stephen Correia Jennifer m Primack Department of Psychiatry&Human Behavior Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityBox G-BHProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology Providence VA Medical Center830 Chalkstone BoulevardProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States VA Center of Innovation in Long Term Services Providence VA Medical Center830 Chalkstone BoulevardProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States Department of Health Services Policyand PracticeBrown University School of Public HealthBox G-S121-8ProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States Department of medicine Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityBox G-BHProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States

Heart failure(HF)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States.[1]A chronically,disabling and debilitating condition,HF often results in hospital admission and subsequent readmission.[2]After hos-pitalization,nearly 25%of older adults with HF are discharged to skilled nursing facilities(SNFs)for re-habilitation due to difficulties with functioning in-dependently.[3]Critically,patients with HF dis-charged to SNFs also show significantly higher rates of mortality.[2]Identifying factors that predict mortality among this important patient population,especially factors that could be addressed in the hospital setting,is an important step toward im-proving survivability among these patients.

关键词： patients mortality nursing

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Shift current bulk photovoltaic effect in polar materials—hybrid and oxide perovskites and beyond

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npj Computational materials 2016年第1期2卷 58-69页

作者： Liang Z Tan Fan Zheng Steve m Young Fenggong Wang Shi Liu andrew m Rappe The makineni Theoretical Laboratories Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Center for Computational materials Science United States Naval Research LaboratoryWashingtonDCUSA Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution of ScienceWashingtonDCUSA

The bulk photovoltaic effect(BPVE)refers to the generation of a steady photocurrent and above-bandgap photovoltage in a single-phase homogeneous material lacking inversion *** mechanism of BPVE is decidedly different from the typical p-n junction-based photovoltaic mechanism in heterogeneous ***,there has been renewed interest in ferroelectric materials for solar energy conversion,inspired by the discovery of above-bandgap photovoltages in ferroelectrics,the invention of low bandgap ferroelectric materials and the rapidly improving power conversion efficiency of metal halide ***,as long as the nature of the BPVE and its dependence on composition and structure remain poorly understood,materials engineering and the realisation of its true potential will be *** this review article,we survey the history,development and recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of BPVE,with a focus on the shift current mechanism,an intrinsic BPVE that is universal to all materials lacking inversion *** addition to explaining the theory of shift current,materials design opportunities and challenges will be discussed for future applications of the BPVE.

关键词： mechanism effect ferroelectric

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菌根真菌可减少植物的适应性差异,但其共存取决于植物内在菌根反应的差异

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第2期16卷 125-139页

作者： Cameron Wagg andrew mcKenzie-Gopsill Fredericton Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaFrederictonNB E3B 4Z7Canada Charlottetown Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetownPE C1A 4N6Canada

植物-丛枝菌根真菌(AmF)可以调节竞争植物之间的土壤资源,以影响植物资源的捕获和适应性,使AmF成为植物共存的潜在媒介。本研究使用6种菌根状态不同的植物物种,通过生态位和适应性差异评估植物共存。在有或没有AmF的情况下,将15对竞争... 详细信息

植物-丛枝菌根真菌(AmF)可以调节竞争植物之间的土壤资源,以影响植物资源的捕获和适应性,使AmF成为植物共存的潜在媒介。本研究使用6种菌根状态不同的植物物种,通过生态位和适应性差异评估植物共存。在有或没有AmF的情况下,将15对竞争植物种植在一起。AmF对共存的影响是通过参数化成对的Lotka-Volterra植物竞争模型来确定的。通过比较在没有与AmF竞争的情况下生长的单个植物的枝条生物量与没有AmF的枝条生物量来确定6种植物物种对AmF的响应。研究结果表明,接种AmF减少了竞争者之间的适应度差异,但AmF介导的共存程度取决于竞争植物物种的身份。竞争植物物种之间更大的AmF响应差异减少了生态位重叠并增加了共存。这些结果说明,虽然AmF通常会减少适应性差异,但AmF的均衡效应并不总是足以克服由于生态位重叠导致的竞争不平衡,因此并不总是导致共存。相反,不同植物物种对AmF的内在生长反应可以预测生态位重叠减少,进而导致共存。这表明菌根依赖是一种旨在降低与竞争植物物种的生态位重叠程度,从而实现更多共存的植物策略。

关键词：共存理论入侵杂草一年生耕作制度植物-土壤相互作用生态位差异适合度差异共生

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Proton-Resistant Quantum Dots: Stability in Gastrointestinal Fluids and Implications for Oral Delivery of Nanoparticle Agents

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Nano Research 2009年第6期2卷 500-508页

作者： Aaron m.mohs Hongwei Duan Brad A.Kairdolf andrew m.Smith Shuming Nie Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology101 Woodruff Circle NESuite 2001AtlantaGeorgia 30322USA

Semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)have shown great promise as fluorescent probes for molecular,cellular and in vivo ***,the fluorescence of traditional polymer-encapsulated QDs is often quenched by proton-induced etching in acidic *** is a major problem for applications of QDs in the gastrointestinal tract because the gastric(stomach)environment is strongly acidic(pH 12).Here we report the use of proton-resistant surface coatings to stabilize QD fl uorescence under acidic *** both hyperbranched polyethylenimine(PEI)and its polyethylene glycol derivative(PEG-grafted PEI),we show that the fl uorescence of coreshell CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs is effectively protected from quenching in simulated gastric *** comparison,amphiphilic lipid or polymer coatings provide no protection under similarly acidic *** proton-resistant QDs are found to cause moderate membrane damage to cultured epithelial cells,but PEGylation(PEG grafting)can be used to reduce cellular toxicity and to improve nanoparticle stability.

关键词： Nanoparticle quantum dot oral delivery gastrointestinal polyethylenimine(PEI) polyethylene glycol(PEG)

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Adjustment of Forest Ecosystem Root Respiration as Temperature Warms

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1467-1483页

作者： andrew J.Burton Jerry m.melillo Serita D.Frey Ecosystem Science Center Michigan Technological University School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory Department of Natural Resources University of New Hampshire

Adjustment of ecosystem root respiration to warmer climatic conditions can alter the autotrophic portion of soil respiration and influence the amount of carbon available for biomass production. We examined 44 published values of annual forest root respiration and found an increase in ecosystem root respiration with increasing mean annual temperature （mAT）, but the rate of this cross-ecosystem increase （Q10 = 1.6） is less than published values for short-term responses of root respiration to temperature within ecosystems （Q10 = 2-3）. When specific root respiration rates and root biomass values were examined, there was a clear trend for decreasing root metabolic capacity （respiration rate at a standard temperature） with increasing mAT. There also were tradeoffs between root metabolic capacity and root system biomass, such that there were no instances of high growing season respiration rates and high root biomass occurring together. We also examined specific root respiration rates at three soil warming experiments at Harvard Forest, USA, and found decreases in metabolic capacity for roots from the heated plots. This decline could be due to either physiological acclimation or to the effects of co-occurring drier soils on the measurement date. Regardless of the cause, these findings clearly suggest that modeling efforts that allow root respiration to increase exponentially with temperature, with Q10 values of 2 or more, may over-predict root contributions to ecosystem CO2 efflux for future climates and underestimate the amount of C available for other uses, including net primary productivity.

关键词： acclimation climatic warming root biomass root respiration soil warming.

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Coprophilous contributions to the phylogeny of Lasiosphaeriaceae and allied taxa within Sordariales(Ascomycota,Fungi)

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第1期70卷 101-113页

作者： Åsa Kruys Sabine m.Huhndorf andrew N.miller Systematic Biology Department of Organismal BiologyEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18DSE-75236 UppsalaSweden Botany Department Field MuseumChicagoIL 60605USA Illinois Natural History Survey University of IllinoisChampaignIL 61820US

The phylogenetic relationships of Lasiosphaeriaceae are complicated in that the family is paraphyletic and includes Sordariaceae and Chaetomiaceae,as well as several polyphyletic *** study focuses on the phylogenetic relationships of the coprophilous genera,Anopodium,Apodospora,Arnium,Fimetariella and *** are traditionally circumscribed based on ascospore characters,which have proven homoplasious in other genera within the *** results based on LSU nrDNA andß–tubulin sequences distinguish four lineages of Lasiosphaeriaceae *** joins the clade of mor-phologically similar,yellow-pigmented species of Cercophora and *** is monophyletic and joins a larger group of taxa with unclear affinities to each other,while Arnium is polyphyletic being scattered throughout three of the four major clades of *** is represented by a single collection and joins the clade containing Cercophora scortea and Podospora *** shows affinities to the Lasiosphaeris *** on a combination of morphological and molecular data,Echria *** recognized at the genus level for the former Arnium section and two new combinations are proposed:*** and ***.

关键词： Ascomal wall Ascomycete β-tubulin LSU nrDNA Systematics,Taxonom

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metabolic reprogramming in tumors:Contributions of the tumor microenvironment

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Genes & Diseases 2020年第2期7卷 185-198页

作者： andrew N.Lane Richard m.Higashi Teresa W-m.Fan Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry Markey Cancer CenterDepartment of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyUSA

The genetic alterations associated with cell transformation are in large measure expressed in the metabolic phenotype as cancer cells proliferate and change their local environment,and prepare for ***,the fundamental biochemistry of cancer cells is generally the same as in the untransformed cells,but the cancer cells produce a local environment,the TmE,that is hostile to the stromal cells,and compete for *** order to proliferate,cells need sufficient nutrients,either those that cannot be made by the cells themselves,or must be made from simpler ***,in solid tumors,the nutrient supply is often limiting given the potential for rapid proliferation,and the poor quality of the ***,cancer cells may employ a variety of strategies to obtain nutrients for survival,growth and *** much has been learned using established cell lines in standard culture conditions,it is becoming clear from in vivo metabolic studies that this can also be misleading,and which nutrients are used for energy production versus building blocks for synthesis of macromolecules can vary greatly from tumor to tumor,and even within the same *** we review the operation of metabolic networks,and how recent understanding of nutrient supply in the TmE and utilization are being revealed using stable isotope tracers in vivo as well as in vitro.

关键词： Cancer metabolism Nutrient supply Stable isotope resolved metabolomics Tumor microenvironment metabolic flux

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