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Creating a Digital Preservation Network with Shared Stewardship and Cost： The Experience of Partnerships in the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program

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现代图书情报技术 2008年第1期 102-105页

作者： MOLLY johnson Director Digital Resource Management and Planning Office of Strategic Initiatives Library of Congress USA

The National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) was initiated in December 2000 when the U.S. Congress authorized the Library of Congress to work with a broad range of institutions to develop a national strategy for the preservation of important at-risk born digital content. Guided by a strategy of broad collaborations and iterative learning, the Library of Congress began catalyzing a national network of partners dedicated to collecting and preserving important born-digital information. Over the last six years, the Library and its partners have been engaged in learning through action. Our investments in preservation partnerships, public policy deliberations related to intellectual property challenges, basic technical research, and network architecture models have increased our understanding of the sustaining roles and functions for a national network of diverse stakeholders. The emerging network of networks is complex and inclusive of a variety of stakeholders: content producers, content stewards and service providers from the public and private sectors.

关键词：数字资源长期保存网络设计知识产权公共管理 NDIIPP

Transcriptome changes in apple peel tissues during CO_(2)injury symptom development under controlled atmosphere storage regimens

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 13-25页

作者： Franklin T johnson Yanmin Zhu Department of Horticulture Washington State UniversityPullman98664WAUSA Tree Fruit Research Laboratory USDA-ARSWenatchee98801WAUSA

Apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)is one of the most widely cultivated tree crops,and fruit storability is vital to the profitability of the apple fruit *** of many apple cultivars can be stored for an extended period due to the introduction of advanced storage technologies,such as controlled atmosphere(CA)and 1-methylcyclopropane(1-MCP).However,CA storage can cause external CO_(2)injury for some apple *** molecular changes associated with the development of CO_(2)injury are not well *** this study,the global transcriptional regulations were investigated under different storage conditions and during development of CO_(2)injury symptoms on‘Golden Delicious’*** peel tissues under three different storage regimens,regular cold atmosphere,CA and CA storage and 1-MCP application were sampled at four storage durations over a 12-week *** physiological changes were affected differently under these storage regimens,and CO_(2)injury symptoms were detectable 2 weeks after CA *** of the differentially expressed genes and a gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed the specific transcriptome changes associated with each storage ***,a profound transcriptome change was associated with CA storage regimen as indicated by the large number of differentially expressed *** lighter symptom was accompanied by reduced transcriptome changes under the CA storage and 1-MCP application ***,the higher enrichment levels in the functional categories of oxidative stress response,glycolysis and protein post-translational modification were only associated with CA storage regime;therefore,these processes potentially contribute to the development of external CO_(2)injury or its symptom in apple.

关键词： cultivar crops regimen

3D printed nerve guidance channels: computer-aided control of geometry, physical cues, biological supplements and gradients

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第10期11卷 1568-1569页

作者： Blake N.johnson Xiaofeng Jia Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering School of Neuroscience Virginia Tech Department of Neurosurgery Orthopaedics Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Biomedical Engineering Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Nerve guidance channels for peripheral nerve injury： Over the past decade, nerve guidance channels （NGCs） have emerged as a promising technology for regenerating gap injuries in peripheral nerves. Nerve gap injuries resulting from neurodegeneration and trauma, such as car accidents and battlefield wounds, affect hun- dreds of thousands of people annually. Motivated by suboptimal results obtained with the current gold standard of autologous grafting （i.e., autografts）, various commercially available NGCs composed of synthetic and biomaterials are now alternatively available （Jia et al., 2014; Jones et al., 2016）.

关键词： NGC physical cues printed nerve guidance channels biological supplements and gradients computer-aided control of geometry

Atomic Crosschain Transactions for Ethereum Private Sidechains

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第1期3卷 23-39页

作者： Peter Robinson Raghavendra Ramesh Sandra johnson ConsenSys Software R&D Brisbane4520Australia School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers(ACEMS) Queensland University of TechnologyQueensland 4001Australia

The Atomic Crosschain Transaction for Ethereum Private Sidechains protocol allows composable programming across permissioned Ethereum *** allows for inter-contract and inter-blockchain function calls that are both synchronous and atomic:if one part fails,the whole call tree of function calls is *** protocol is not based on existing techniques such as Hash Time Locked Contracts,relay chains,block header transfer,or trusted *** uses(a)threshold signatures to prove values across blockchains,(b)coordination contracts to manage the state of crosschain transactions,and(c)a function call tree commitment scheme to allow users to commit to a call tree and then later check that the correct function calls have been *** paper analyses the processing overhead of using this technique compared to using multiple standard non-atomic single blockchain *** additional processing is analysed for four scenarios involving multiple blockchains:a Trade–Finance system,the Hotel–Train problem,a Supply Chain with Provenance,and an *** protocol is shown to have both safety and liveness properties.

关键词： Crosschain Blockchain Transaction Atomic Ethereum

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Lakoff和johnson的体验哲学

当代语言学 2002年第2期4卷 144-151页

作者： Lakoff johnson 王寅苏州大学外国语学院江苏苏州215006

1.引言Lakoff和johnson合作出版了(1980)之后,于1999年又出版了另一本著作:(Philosophy in theFlesh--The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought,以下简称).书中提出了一个全新的哲学理论:体验哲学,论述了体验哲学的三项基本原则:'心智的体验性'、'认知的无意识性'和'思维的隐喻性'(the embodied mind, the cognitive un-consciousness, the metaphorical thought),并认为认知语言学是以体验哲学为其哲学基础的1.

关键词：体验哲学隐喻心智著作身体 99年挑战西方思想出版

Greenhouse gases fluxes and soil thermal properties in a pasture in central Missouri

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1029-1039页

作者： Nsalambi Vakanda Nkongolo Shane johnson Kent Schmidt Frieda Eivazi Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Natural Science Lincoln University Harvard Forest Faculty of Arts and Sciences Harvard University

Fluctuations of greenhouse gases emissions and soil properties occur at short spatial and temporal scales, however, results are often reported for larger scales studies. We monitored CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes and soil temperature （T）, thermal conductivity （K）, resistivity （R） and thermal diffusivity （D） from 2004 to 2006 in a pasture. Soil air samples for determination of CO2, CH4 and N2O concentrations were collected from static and vented chambers and analyzed within two hours of collection with a gas chromatograph. T, K, R and D were measured in-situ using a KD2 probe. Soil samples were also taken for measurements of soil chemical and physical properties. The pasture acted as a sink in 2004, a source in 2005 and again a sink of CH4 in 2006. CO2 and CH4 were highest, but N2O as well as T, K and D were lowest in 2004. Only K was correlated with C02 in 2004 while T correlated with both N2O （r = 0.76, p = 0.0001） and CO2 （r = 0.88, p = 0.0001） in 2005. In 2006, all gases fluxes were significantly correlated with T, K and R when the data for the entire year were considered. However, an in-depth examination of the data revealed the existence of month-to-month shifts, lack of correlation and differing spatial structures. These results stress the need for further studies on the relationship between soil properties and gases fluxes. K and R offer a promise as potential controlling factors for greenhouse gases fluxes in this pasture.

关键词： greenhouse gases soil thermal properties fluxes

Accelerated carbonation and leaching behavior of the slag from iron and steel making industry

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2007年第4期14卷 297-301页

作者： Quanyuan Chen johnson Lingyun Zhu Menghong Yuan Hills School of Environmental Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 200051 China School of Science University of Greenwich Chatham Maritime Kent ME4 4TB UK School of Information Science and Technology Donghua University Shanghai 200051 China

Ground granulated blast furnace slag （GGBFS） and steelmaking slag have been used as a raw material for cement production or as an aggregate to make concrete, which contribute aluminum, calcium, iron, and silicon oxides. The suitability of the slag for a particular application depends on its reactivity, cost, availability, and its influence on the properties of the resulting concrete. For the interest of durability studying of concrete in the presence of slag, the accelerated carbonation products and leaching behavior of the slag and Portland cement （PC） were studied. The experimental results confirmed that the slag was more resistant to carbonation compared to PC. The carbonation degree of GGBFS reduced by 17.74%; and the carbonation degrees of steelmaking slags reduced by 9.51%- 11.94%. Carbonation neutralized the alkaline nature of the hydrated pastes and gave rise to the redox potential of the leachate slightly （30-77 mV）. The carbonation also increased the release of most of the elements presented, except for calcium, to the aqueous environment. It is concluded that blend cements （PC plus slag） have economical advantages and better durability compared to PC,

关键词： carbonation slag cement leachate durability

Effectiveness of a fixed-depth sensor deployed from a buoy to estimate water-column cyanobacterial biomass depends on wind speed

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第7期32卷 23-29页

作者： Justin D.Chaffin Douglas D.Kane Alex johnson F.T Stone Laboratory and Ohio Sea Grant the Ohio State UniversityOH 43456USA Division of Natural Science Applied Scienceand MathematicsDefiance CollegeDefiance OHF.T Stone LaboratoryThe Ohio State University and Ohio Sea GrantOH 43456USA

Water quality sondes have the advantage of containing multiple sensors,extended deployment times,high temporal resolution,and telecommunication with stakeholder accessible data ***,sondes that are part of buoy deployments often suffer from typically being fixed at one *** water treatment plants are interested in water quality at a depth of the water intake and other stakeholders(*** and swimmers)are interested in the surface,we examined whether a fixed depth of approximately 1 m could cause over-or under-estimation of cyanobacterial *** sampled the vertical distribution of cyanobacteria adjacent to a water quality sonde buoy in the western basin of Lake Erie during the summers of 2015–2017.A comparison of buoy cyanobacteria RFU(Relative Fluorescence Unit)at 1 m to cyanobacteria chlorophyll a(chla)measured throughout the water column showed occurrences when the buoy both under and overestimated the cyanobacteria chl a at specific *** differences between buoy measurements and at-depth grab samples occurred during low wind speeds(4.5 m/sec)resulted in better agreement between the buoy and at-depth *** wind speeds 12 hr before sample collection decreased the difference between the buoy and at-depth samples for high wind speeds but not low *** suggest that sondes should be placed at a depth of interest for the appropriate stakeholder group or deploy sondes with the ability to sample at various depths.

关键词： Buoyancy Harmful algal bloom Lake Erie Microcystis Water quality

On the Forcing of the Radial-vertical Circulation within Cyclones-Part 1: Concepts and Equations

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1998年第3期15卷 64-85页

作者： D.R.johnson Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison USA

お? Following the theoretical result of Eliassen, the Sawyer-Eliassen equation for frontal circulations and the equation for forcing the meridional circulation within a circumpolar vortex are extended in isentropic coordinates to describe the forcing of the azimuthally averaged mass-weighted radial-vertical circulation within translating extratropical and tropical cyclones. Several physical processes which are not evident in studies employing isobaric coordinates are isolated in this isentropic study. These processes include the effects of pressure torque, inertial torque and storm translation that are associated with the asymmetric structure in isentropic coordinates. This isentropic study also includes the effects of eddy angular momentum transport, diabatic heating and frictional torque that are common in both isentropic and isobaric studies. All of the processes are modulated by static, inertial and baroclinic stabilities.  Consistent with the theoretical result of Eliassen, the numerical solution from this isentropic study shows that the roles of torque, diabatic heating and hydrodynamic stability in forcing the radial-vertical circulation within stable vortices are that 1) positive (negative) torque which results in the counterclockwise (clockwise) rotation of vortices also forces the outflow (inflow) branch of the radial-vertical circulation, 2) diabatic heating (cooling) forces the ascent (descent) branch of the radial-vertical circulation and 3) for given forcing, the weaker hydrodynamic stability results in a stronger radial-vertical circulation. It is the net inflow or convergence (net outflow or divergence), vertical motions and the associated redistribution of properties that favor the evolution of vortices with colorful weather events.  Numerical solutions of this isentropic study are given in companion articles. The relatively important contribution of various physical processes to the forcing of the azimuthally-averaged mass-weighted radial-

关键词： The forcing of the radial-vertical circulation Quasi-Lagrangian diagnostics of cyclones,Balanced equation