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Wildfire severity alters soil microbial exoenzyme production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian Mountains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： Megan L.SChILL Richard baird Shawn P.BROWN Allison M.VEACh Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San Antonio Biochemistry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Mississippi State University Department of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis

Climate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures globally. This effect has, and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North America. In the southern Appalachian Mountains, wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human activity. To investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochemical properties, microbial extracellular enzyme production, and microbial abundances in a temperate region, surface soils (0–15 cm) were collected from two sites (the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina, USA) spanning lightly, moderately, and severely burned areas, accompanied by adjacent unburned locations that act as controls. The soil samples were collected at three time points between 2017 and 2019 (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity plots. Total hydrolytic enzyme production varied over time, with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzyme production at 2.5years post-fire. Individual enzymes varied among burn severities and across time post-fire. Light burn plots showed greater carbon-specific (β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase) and phosphorus-specific (acid phosphatase) enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire, but this effect was transient. At 2.5 years post-fire, theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or moderate burn plots relative to the controls. In contrast, the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme leucyl aminopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire, but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years post-fire. The fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity, indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during recovery. These results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil microbial structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe, which potentially

关键词： 16S rRNA burn severity extracellular enzyme fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer microbial structure

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大堡礁和大峡谷世界遗产区的适应性管理

AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2007年第B11期36卷 553-558页

作者： Terence P.hughes Lance h.Gunderson Carl Folke andrew h.baird David Bellwood Fikret Berkes Beatrice Crona Ariella helfgott heather Leslie Jon Norberg Magnus Nystrm Per Olsson henrik sterblom Marten Scheffer heidi Schuttenberg Robert S.Steneck Maria Teng Max Troell Brian Walker James Wilson Boris Worm 丁莉澳大利亚研究委员会(ARC)珊瑚礁研究卓越中心大峡谷监测和研究中心科学顾问委员会瑞典皇家科学院Beijer国际生态经济研究所澳大利亚研究委员会卓越中心詹姆斯库克大学马尼托巴大学自然资源研究所阿德莱德大学普林斯顿大学斯德哥尔摩大学斯德哥尔摩恢复力中心斯德哥尔摩大学系统生物学系瓦赫宁根大学水生态和水质管理研究组缅因大学斯德哥尔摩大学系统生态学系澳大利亚联邦科学工业研究组织达尔豪斯大学

关于人类和环境相互关系的传统观念正在迅速改变。那种认为人类与自然是相互隔离的,自然资源是取之不尽用之不竭的,而且认为世界是稳定的、可以预测的并且是平衡的旧观点已经过时了。在动态的社会-生态景观中强调学习和灵活性管理为基... 详细信息

关于人类和环境相互关系的传统观念正在迅速改变。那种认为人类与自然是相互隔离的,自然资源是取之不尽用之不竭的,而且认为世界是稳定的、可以预测的并且是平衡的旧观点已经过时了。在动态的社会-生态景观中强调学习和灵活性管理为基础的适应性方法的新的理念框架已经迅速初现端倪。我们以两个典型的世界遗产地区(大堡礁和大峡谷)为案例来研究如何在自然资源管理中通过改善科学和社会两个方面的结合来指导多尺度管理系统的变革从而应对和处理人类越来越占据主导的世界中出现的不确定性、风险和变化。

关键词：世界遗产地适应性管理大峡谷大堡礁自然资源管理产区传统观念生态景观

Results of selective decontamination with oral neomycin and metronidazole for major colorectal surgery in Australia:A cohort study

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 72-78页

作者： James Wei Tatt Toh Devansh Shah henry Wang Charlotte Kwik Joseph Do Woong Choi Chelsie Leonie Beinke Paul Morris Eleni baird-Gunning Geoffrey Peter Collins Fiona Gavegan Karen Shedden Toufic El-Khoury Nimalan Pathma-Nathan Kerry hitos Department of Colorectal Surgery Westmead HospitalWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia The University of Sydney Westmead HospitalWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia Western Sydney University New South WalesAustralia University of Notre Dame New South WalesAustralia Westmead Research Centre for Evaluation of Surgical Outcomes Westmead HospitalSydneyAustralia

Objective The role of selective decontamination with oral antibiotics(OABs)and mechanical bowel preparation(MBP)prior to elective colorectal surgery is still widely *** objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of selective decontamination with neomycin,metronidazole and MBP compared to those of decontamination with MBP alone or with no *** Selective decontamination with neomycin and metronidazole combined with bowel preparation was introduced prior to elective colorectal surgery as part of an enhanced recovery after surgery program at Westmead hospital,a major Australian tertiary referral hospital,between June 2017 and January *** between short-term outcomes of OAB+MBP and MBP/no preparation were made using prospectively collected data on length of stay(LOS),readmission,mortality within 30 days,anastomotic leakage(AL),surgical site infection(SSI),urinary tract infection,deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism,pneumonia,and ***-up was limited to hospital stays and subsequent presentations within the health district within thirty days of *** Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyse continuous data,and the chi-square test was used for categorical *** and multivariate regression modelling was performed to identify risk factors associated with an increased likelihood of SSI and *** Patients with oral neomycin and metronidazole combined with bowel preparation had reduced superficial SSI(2.7%vs.7.6%,p=0.043)and overall complications(32.7%vs.44.6%,p=0.020),particularly Clavien-Dindo 1 complications(7.3%vs.16.5%,p=0.009).however,the differences in AL(2.7%vs.4.5%,p=0.369)and organ/space SSI(1.3%vs.3.7%,p=0.327)were not statistically *** median LOS(6 d vs.6 d,p=0.370)was not different between the *** Selective decontamination with neomycin and metronidazole reduces the risk of SSIs and overall *** was a trend to toward a lower AL,but this differ

关键词： Neomycin Metronidazole Colorectal surgery Anastomotic leakage Surgical site infection

Seismic performance of non-structural components and contents in buildings: an overview of NZ research

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2016年第1期15卷 1-17页

作者： Rajesh P Dhakal Atefeh Pourali Ali Sahin Tasligedik Trevor Yeow andrew baird Gregory Mac Rae Stefano Pampanin Alessandro Palermo Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering University of Canterbury UC Quake Centre University of Canterbury BECA

This paper summarizes the research on non-structural elements and building contents being conducted at University of Canterbury in New Zealand. Since the 2010-2011 series of Canterbury earthquakes, in which damage to non-structural components and contents contributed heavily to downtime and overall financial loss, attention to seismic performance and design of non-structural components and contents in buildings has increased exponentially in NZ. This has resulted in an increased allocation of resources to research leading to development of more resilient non-structural systems in buildings that would incur substantially less damage and cause little downtime during earthquakes. In the last few years, NZ researchers have made important developments in understanding and improving the seismic performance of secondary building elements such as partitions, facades, ceilings and contents.

关键词： non-structural elements building contents drywall partition cladding suspended ceilings seismicperformance assessment fragility analysis experimental evaluation loss estimation

A Ring-Reinforced Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduit Is Associated with Better Regional Mechanics after Stage I Norwood Operation

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Congenital heart Disease 2022年第5期17卷 591-603页

作者： Benjamin Zielonka David M.harrild Sunil J.Ghelani Eleni G.Elia Christopher W.baird andrew J.Powell Rahul h.Rathod Department of Cardiology Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUSA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUSA Department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA

Background:The right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit(RVPAC)may impair right ventricular(RV)function in patients with functional single right *** of the RVPAC using a ring-reinforced end with dunked insertion into the RV through a limited ventriculotomy may reduce the impact on RV *** compared RV segmental strain between patients with a traditional RVPAC and ring-reinforced RVPAC using feature tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR)***:Patients with CMR examinations after Stage I operation with RVPAC between 2000 and 2018 were *** mass,volumes,late gadolinium enhancement(LGE),and peak radial and circumferential strain of the 4 segments near the RVPAC insertion site were ***:The study included 71 CMR examinations in 61 patients(30 traditional RVPAC,31 ring-reinforced RVPAC).Prior to Stage II,the ring-reinforced RVPAC group had better peak radial strain and circumferential strain in 1 of 4 segments proximal to the RVPAC insertion site compared to the traditional RVPAC *** to Stage III operation,the ring-reinforced group had better peak radial and circumferential strain in 2 of 4 *** at the RVPAC insertion site was observed in 97%of patients before Stage II and 95%of patients before Stage *** type and regional strain were not associated with transplant-free survival during a median follow-up of 6.3 ***:Compared to a traditional RVPAC,the ring-reinforced RVPAC is associated with improved regional mechanics at the conduit insertion *** investigation of long-term outcomes after ring-reinforced RVPAC is warranted.

关键词： Single ventricle hypoplastic left heart syndrome cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Leibnitzia Cass.(Asteraceae:Mutisieae:Gerbera-complex),an Asian-North American disjunct genus

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第3期48卷 161-174页

作者： Kristen E.baird Vicki A.FUNK Andrea WEEKS Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University US National herbarium Smithsonian InstitutionMRC 166P.O.Box 371012WashingtonDC 20013-7012USA

Leibnitzia comprises six species of perennial herbs that are adapted to high elevation conditions and is one of only two Asteraceae genera known to have an exclusively disjunct distribution spanning central to eastern Asia and North *** phylogenetic analysis of Leibnitzia and other Gerbera-complex members indicates that Leibnitzia is monophyletic,which is in contrast with our expectation that the American Leibnitzia species L. lyrata and *** would be more closely related to another American member of the Gerbera-complex,namely *** area reconstructions show that the historical biogeography of the Gerbera-complex mirrors that of the entire Asteraceae,with early diverging lineages located in South America that were followed by transfers to Africa and Eurasia and,most recently,to North *** transfer of Leibnitzia appears to have been directed from Asia to North *** calibrations of nuclear(ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region)and chloroplast(trnL-rpl32 intron)DNA sequence data using relaxed clock methods and either mean rate or fossil-based priors unanimously support Miocene and younger divergence times for Gerbera-complex *** ages are not consistent with most Gondwanan vicariance episodes and,thus,the global distribution of Gerbera-complex members must be explained in large part by long-distance *** species of Leibnitzia are estimated to have diverged from their Asian ancestor during the Quaternary(ca.2 mya)and either migrated overland to North America via Beringia and retreated southwards along high elevation corridors to their present location in southwestern North America or were dispersed long distance.

关键词： Beringia biogeography Gerbera-complex Mutisieae.

Recent advances and future directions for the pharmacogenetic basis of anti-VEGF treatment response in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第4期12卷 584-585页

作者： Moeen Riaz Paul N. baird Centre for Eye Research Australia Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology) University of MelbourneRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital

Age related macular degeneration （AMD） is a complex progres- sive neurodegenerative disease causing blindness in 30-35 million people worldwide. It affects the macula region of the retina leading to severe vision loss and legal blindness in individuals 〉 50 years of age （Wong et al., 2014）. The precise aetiology of AMD is unknown but smoking, age and genetic factors are major risk factors for AMD predisposition （Ding et al., 2009）. The genetic basis of AMD is well described with a recent study from the International AMD gene consortium （IAMDGC） reporting 52 genetic variants across 34 loci associated with the risk of AMD pathogenesis and explaining more than 50% of the genetic heritabilitv of the disease （Fritsche et al., 2016）.

关键词： VEGF Recent advances and future directions for the pharmacogenetic basis of anti-VEGF treatment response in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Deep Scalogram Representations for Acoustic Scene Classification

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2018年第3期5卷 662-669页

作者： Zhao Ren Kun Qian Zixing Zhang Vedhas Pandit Alice baird Bjorn Schuller ZD.B Chair of Embedded Intelligence for health Care and Wellbeing University of Augsburg Germany Machine Intelligence and Signal Processing Group Technische Universitat Munchen Group on Language Audio and Music (GLAM) Imperial College London UK IEEE

Spectrogram representations of acoustic scenes have achieved competitive performance for acoustic scene classification. Yet, the spectrogram alone does not take into account a substantial amount of time-frequency information. In this study, we present an approach for exploring the benefits of deep scalogram representations, extracted in segments from an audio stream. The approach presented firstly transforms the segmented acoustic scenes into bump and morse scalograms, as well as spectrograms; secondly, the spectrograms or scalograms are sent into pre-trained convolutional neural networks; thirdly,the features extracted from a subsequent fully connected layer are fed into(bidirectional) gated recurrent neural networks, which are followed by a single highway layer and a softmax layer;finally, predictions from these three systems are fused by a margin sampling value strategy. We then evaluate the proposed approach using the acoustic scene classification data set of 2017 IEEE AASP Challenge on Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events(DCASE). On the evaluation set, an accuracy of 64.0 % from bidirectional gated recurrent neural networks is obtained when fusing the spectrogram and the bump scalogram, which is an improvement on the 61.0 % baseline result provided by the DCASE 2017 organisers. This result shows that extracted bump scalograms are capable of improving the classification accuracy,when fusing with a spectrogram-based system.

关键词： Acoustic scene classification(ASC) (bidirectional) gated recurrent neural networks((B) GRNNs) convolutional neural networks(CNNs) deep scalogram representation spectrogram representation

When gastroenteritis isn't:a case report of a 20-year-old male with Boerhaave's syndrome complicated by intra-abdomimal hemorrhage

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第4期7卷 303-306页

作者： James baird Alexander B.Norinsky Department of Emergency Medicine Rowan University SOM Kennedy University Hospital

here we present the case of a 20-year-old male with a known history of an artificial mechanical aortic valve replacement at ages four and twelve, on chronic warfarin therapy, who presented to our community emergency department for the evaluation of vomiting, diarrhea, generalized malaise and abdominal pain. he was seen at a local urgent care for similar symptoms earlier in the day, subsequently discharged with a diagnosis of mild gastroenteritis; however, according to the patient＇s sister, upon his return home he looked very unwell and she called an ambulance immediately.

关键词： gastroenteritis case report