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Effect of Hind Leg Morphology on Performance of a Canine-inspired Quadrupedal Robot

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2015年第3期12卷 339-351页

作者： James andrew Smith Jamil Jivraj Ryerson University 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON Canada

Biomimetic leg designs often appear to be arbitrarily chosen. To make a more objective choice regarding biomimetic leg configuration for small canine-inspired robots, we compare one hind leg to the same leg arranged in a different orientation, and show that the less biomimetic leg provides better performance. This differently-oriented leg design, which we call ＂transverse-mirrored＂ was more efficient and faster, both in simulation and experiment even though both leg configurations used the same passive and active components, rest angles, and monoartieular knee spring. In experiments the normal configuration had a maximum speed of 0.33 m·s^-1 and a specific resistance of 5.1. Conversely, the less biomimetic transverse-mirrored configuration had a maximum speed of 0.4 m·s^-1 and specific resistance of 3.9. Therefore the transverse-mirrored leg＇s best performance yields a 21% increase in speed and 24% decrease in specific resistance when compared to the best performance achieved in the normal biomimetic leg. The major underlying reason is that the knee spring engages more readily in the transverse-mirrored configuration, resulting in this faster and more efficient locomotion. The conclusion is that simply copying from nature does not lead to optimal performance and that insight into the role played by passive design components on natural locomotory dynamics is important.

关键词： biomimetic legged robot quadruped leg design walking legged locomotion

Prevalence of Bacillus *** the biofilm forming community on Ti surface in marine environment

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第6期36卷 89-94页

作者： PRIYA Chokkalingam ARAVIND Ganessin THILAGARAJ wilson Richarda Department of Biotechnology School of BioengineeringSri Ramaswamy Memorial(SRM)UniversityChennai 603203TamilnaduIndia

Prevalence of bacterial species involved in biomineralization of manganese on titanium （Ti） surfaces in marine environment was revealed in this research work. This study involves one year sea water exposure of Ti and their periodical biofilm characterization was carried out to quantify the manganese oxidizing bacterial （MOB） presence in the biofilm formed on titanium surfaces. The total viable count study of Ti coupons exposed to sea water for one year resulted in 60% of the MOB in overall biofilm population. The biochemical characterization of MOB isolates were performed for the genus level identifcation of the seven bacterial isolates. Further, the seven strains were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Evolutionary analysis was performed using MEGA 7 to obtain closely related strains within the groups. The manganese oxidizing ability of the bacterial isolates were determined with Leucoberbelin Blue Assay （LBB） and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy studies （hAS）. The results show that among the isolated marine MOB species, Bacillus sp. and Leptothrix sp. have the maximum Mn oxidizing property. The microtitre plate assay was performed to determine the biofilm forming ability of the isolated marine MOB species. All the results have confirmed the prevalence of Bacillus sp. among the biofilm colonizers on Ti surfaces when exposed in sea water.

关键词： biomineralization titanium surfaces manganese oxidizing bacteria 16S rRNA gene sequencing,Leucoberbelin Blue Assay Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

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Towards higher-dimensional structured light

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第8期11卷 1650-1666页

作者： Chao He Yijie Shen andrew Forbes Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX13PJUK Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK School of Physics University of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag 3Johannesburg2050South Africa

Structured light refers to the arbitrarily tailoring of optical fields in all their degrees of freedom(DoFs),from spatial to *** orbital angular momentum(OAM)is perhaps the most topical example,and celebrating 30 years since its connection to the spatial structure of light,control over other DoFs is slowly gaining traction,promising access to higher-dimensional forms of structured ***,harnessing these new DoFs in quantum and classical states remains challenging,with the toolkit still in its *** this perspective,we discuss methods,challenges,and opportunities for the creation,detection,and control of multiple DoFs for higher-dimensional structured *** present a roadmap for future development trends,from fundamental research to applications,concentrating on the potential for larger-capacity,higher-security information processing and communication,and beyond.

关键词： light dimensional slowly

CO2-mediated bicarbonate conversion to concentrated formate in a CEM-based electrolyzer

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期 605-611页

作者： Haocheng Xiong Donghuan Wu Haonan Li andrew Li Qikun Hu Siyao Song Bingjun Xu Qi Lu State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Ordos Laboratory

Renewable energy-driven bicarbonate conversion to valuable chemicals presents an attractive strategy for mitigating CO2emissions,as bicarbonate can be efficiently generated from the capture of atmospheric CO2using alkaline solutions with reactive *** this work,we present a CO2-mediated bicarbonate conversion to pure formate using a cation exchange membrane-based electrolyzer with a 25 cm2electrode *** electrolysis achieved selectivities exceeding 75%for formate at a total current of 2.5 A,achieving formate concentrations up to 1.2 M and yields as high as 95%over extended *** techno-economic assessment confirmed the economic viability of the process,highlighting the potential for bicarbonate electrolysis as a sustainable method for producing valuable chemicals.

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New therapies for relapsed castration-resistant prostate cancer based on peptide analogs of hypothalamic hormones

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第6期17卷 925-928页

作者： andrew V Schally Veterans Affairs Medical Center and South FloridaVeterans Affairs Foundation for Research andEducation Miami FL 33125 USA Department of Pathology University of Miami Miller School ofMedicine Miami FL 33136 USA Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology Universityof Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL33136 USA Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology University of Miami Miller School ofMedicine Miami FL 33136 USA Department of Medicine Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine MiamiFL 33136 USA Department of Urology HerbertWertheim College of Medicine Florida InternationalUniversity Miami FL 33174 USA.

Itis a pleasure to contribute our presentation at the International Prostate Forum of the Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association （AUA） to this special issue of the Asian Journal of Andrology. We are gratified that the method developed in our laboratories1 based on agonistic analogs of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone （LHRH）, also called gonadotropin which was discovered releasing hormone, and characterized by one of us （AVS） in the 1970S, has been used since the early 1980s for the treatment of hormone-dependent prostate cancer.

关键词： therapies castration hormones

Experimental Study for Effect of Multi-Site Spark Ignition on Dedicated Hybrid Engine Performance under High Dilution Condition

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期 254-267页

作者： YAN Bowen WATERS Benjamin HAINES andrew MCGHEE Mike HU Tiegang DENG Wei PU Yongxian MA Tianyu Powertrain Engineering R&D Center Chongqing Changan Automobile Co.Ltd. Changan UK R&D Centre Limited

In this study,a triple spark ignition scheme was first designed on a three-cylinder 1.5-L dedicated hybrid engine（DHE）.On this basis,the effect of different ignition modes on engine combustion and emission characteristics was studied,especially under high dilution *** results tested at 2000 r/min and 0.8 MPa BMEP（brake mean effective pressure） show that with highly increased in-cylinder flow intensity,using only passive prechamber（PPC） has a lower lean limit than that with single central spark plug（CSP）,thereby leading to slightly higher minimum fuel consumption and nitrogen oxides（NOx） *** side spark plugs（SSP）based on PPC can result in improved capability of lean limit extension and engine performance than ***,the improvement level is lower than that with triple spark plugs（TSP）.As the excess air ratio λincreases,the advantage of PPC and PPC with SSP in improving the combustion phasing compared with CSP gradually ***,the increasing tendency of their ignition delay and combustion duration is more *** added SSP based on PPC can effectively shorten the ignition delay of leaner mixture,but the combustion duration can be only slightly *** a result,under extremely lean condition,the advantage of PPC and PPC with SSP in terms of combustion characteristics over CSP becomes much *** contrast,the TSP ignition can achieve much shorter ignition delay and combustion duration simultaneously under this *** to the highest available dilution level,the TSP ignition achieves the lowest raw ***,it can also reduce the raw carbon monoxide（CO） and hydrocarbons（HC） emissions compared to CSP due to a more thorough combustion of the end gas *** on the excellent performance of TSP,the highest engine brake thermal efficiency（BTE） was further *** results show that with normal RON 92 fuel,the engine finally achieved 43.69% and 45.02% BTE under stochiometric mode with exhaust

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Review on supercapacitors:Technologies and performance evaluation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第8期30卷 276-291,I0006页

作者： Jingyuan Zhao andrew F.Burke Institute of Transportation Studies University of California-Davis95616 DavisUSA Computer Science and Technology Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences518118 ShenzhenChina

The development of electrochemical capacitors(***)have attracted a lot of attention in recent years because of the increasing demand for efficient,high-power energy *** capacitors(ECs)are particularly attractive for transportation and renewable energy generation applications,taking advantage of their superior power capability and outstanding cycle *** the past decade,various advanced electrode materials and cell design are being studied to improve the energy density of *** Li-ion capacitors and pseudo-capacitors that utilize fast surface redox reactions of metal oxide and doped polymers are the prime candidates being *** paper is concerned with the metrics being used to describe the performance of ECs and how the metrics are evaluated by testing devices and how the data from the testing are best *** is on relating testing of advanced ECs using materials more complex than activated carbons to testing electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)using carbon in both electrodes.A second focus of the paper is projecting the potential of the advanced materials and ionic liquid electrolytes for the development of complete EC cells having an energy density more than a factor of ten greater the energy density of the EDLC devices currently on the *** potential was evaluated by calculating the performance(energy and power)of a series of ECs that utilize the advanced materials that have been studied by electrochemists over the past 10-15 *** capacitance and resistance of the advanced ECs were calculated utilizing specific capacitance(F/g or F/cm^(3))and porosity data for the electrode materials and ionic conductivity of the *** was concluded that hybrid ECs can be developed with energy densities of at least 50 Wh/kg,70 Wh/L with efficient power greater than 3 k W/*** research on micro-porous carbons with specific capacitance of 200 F/g and greater is *** achieve th

关键词： Electrochemical capacitors Metrics Evaluation Cell design Applications

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Incorporating red blanket protocol within code crimson:Streamlining definitive trauma care amid the chaos

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 14-19页

作者： Sohil Pothiawala Savitha Bhagvan andrew MacCormick Emergency Medicine Woodlands HealthSingapore 737628Singapore Trauma and Emergency Services Auckland City HospitalAuckland 1023New Zealand Department of General Surgery Middlemore HospitalAuckland 2025New Zealand

The care of a patient involved in major trauma with exsanguinating haemorrhage is time-critical to achieve definitive haemorrhage control,and it requires coordinated multidisciplinary *** initial resuscitation of a patient in the emergency department(ED),Code Crimson activation facilitates rapid decisionmaking by multi-disciplinary specialists for definitive haemorrhage control in operating theatre(OT)and/or interventional radiology(IR)*** this decision has been made,there may still be various factors that lead to delay in transporting the patient from ED to OT/*** Blanket protocol identifies and addresses these factors and processes which cause delay,and aims to facilitate rapid and safe transport of the haemodynamically unstable patient from ED to OT,while minimizing delay in resuscitation during the *** two processes,Code Crimson and Red Blanket,complement each *** would be ideal to merge the two processes into a single protocol rather than having two separate *** these quality improvement strategies and coor-dinated processes within the trauma framework of the hospitals/healthcare systems will help in further improving the multi-disciplinary care for the complex trauma patients requiring rapid and definitive haemorrhage control.

关键词： Red blanket protocol Code crimson Haemorrhage Trauma

At-will chromatic dispersion by prescribing light trajectories with cascaded metasurfaces

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1108-1116页

作者： andrew McClung Mahdad Mansouree Amir Arbabi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst151 Holdsworth WayAmherstMA 01003USA

Chromatic dispersion spatially separates white light into colours,producing rainbows and similar *** to imaging but essential to spectroscopy,chromatic dispersion is the result of material properties in refractive optics and is considered an inherent characteristic of diffractive devices such as gratings and flat ***,we present a fundamental relation connecting an optical system’s dispersion to the trajectories light takes through it and show that arbitrary control over dispersion may be achieved by prescribing specific trajectories,even in diffractive *** cascaded metasurfaces(2D arrays of sub-micron scatterers)to direct light along predetermined trajectories,we present an achromatic twisted metalens and experimentally demonstrate beam deflectors with arbitrary *** new insight and design approach usher in a new class of optical systems with wide-ranging applications.

关键词： dispersion light trajectories