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Reconsidering “Does the Sum Rule Hold at the Big Bang?” with Pre Planckian HUP, and Division Algebras

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2017年第4期3卷 539-557页

作者： andrew w. beckwith Physics Department College of Physics Chongqing University Chongqing China

In 2012, the author submitted an article to the Prespacetime Journal based upon the premise of inquiry as to the alleged vanishing of disjoint open sets contributing to quantum vector measures no longer working, i.e. the solution in 2012 was that the author stated that quantum measures in 4 dimensions would not work, mandating, if measure theory were used, imbedding in higher dimensions was necessary for a singularity. The idea was to use the methodology of String Theory as to come up with a way out of the impasse if higher dimensions do not exist. we revisit this question, taking into account a derived HUP, for metric tensors if we look at Pre-Planckian space-time introducing a pre-quantum mechanical HUP which may be a way to ascertain a solution not mandating higher dimensions, as well as introducing cautions as to what will disrupt the offered solution. Note that first, measurable spaces allow disjoint sets. Also, that smooth relations alone do not define separability or admit sets Planck’s length, if it exists, is a natural way to get about the “bad effects” of a cosmic singularity at the beginning of space-time evolution, but if a development is to be believed, namely by Stoica in the article, about removing the cosmic singularity as a breakdown point in relativity, there is nothing which forbids space-time from collapsing to a point. without the use of a Pre Planckian HUP, for metric tensors, the quantum measures in four dimensions break down. we try to ascertain if a Pre Planckian HUP is sufficient to avoid this pathology and also look at if division algebras which can link Octonionic geometry and E8, to Quark spinors, in the standard model and add sufficient definition to the standard model are necessary and sufficient conditions for a metric tensor HUP which may remove this breakdown of the sum rule in the onset of the “Big Bang”.

关键词： Quantum Measures Spatial Diffeomorphism Cylinder Sets Caratheodary-Hahn-Huvanek Theorem Big Bang Singularity Causal Sets Modified Pre Planckian Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle HUP Division Algebras

Upper Bound in Change in Initial Value for “Time Component” of Pre Planckian Metric Tensor, for a Cosmological “Constant” Universe

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2017年第4期3卷 657-662页

作者： andrew w. beckwith Physics Department Chongqing University College of Physics Chongqing University Huxi Campus Chongqing China

Beginning with Pebble’s restatement of the Roberson-walker line element, we obtain a way, afterwards, to calculate the relationship between an initial value of the “cosmological constant” and the value of fluctuations in the time component of the metric tensor g (tot). we assume, in doing so that the value of the cosmological “constant” does not change from its initial formation. we close with speculations as to how this ties into other issues in the conclusion.

关键词： Scale Factor Initial Space-Time Volume Modified HUP

Part 1: Possible Graviton Detection, for Outer Space Treatment of the Gertenshehtein Effect. <i>i.e.</i>Dyson’s Construction/Analysis Does Not Precludes Earth Bound Generation of Gravitons

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2017年第1期3卷 1-8页

作者： andrew w.beckwith Physics Department College of PhysicsChongqing University Huxi CampusChongqingChina

we are reviewing Freeman Dyson’s paper which alleged that detection of gravitons via LIGO, or by outer space experiments (due to probabilistic calculations which we review in the document), an impossibility. The disagreement we have with Dr. Dyson is that his probability calculations are taking place in almost infinite spatial domains, which renders the detection protocols, using his probability scheme, impossible. After we summarize the Dyson outer space arguments, and how Dyson got them, we will refer the reader to the very strain calculation done in the referenced PRD article, so cited, as to how a nuclear weapon could generate Gw, and then afterwards, refer the reader to a 2nd paper, of how Tokamaks could detect Gw/ Gravitons, as detectable by the 3DSR effect. Nowhere are we suggesting DETONITION of a nuclear device to generate Gw! The reader is referred to another Li et al. PRD article, 2008, as to 3DSR, as to how detection of Gw/Gravitons could occur due to something other than the Gertenshehtein effect, in this paper, i.e. they can look it up, and then in a 2nd follow up paper learn how a Tokamak could be utilized to have a finite sized geometry, for using the 3DSR effect for Gw generation. The first paper highlights how if one assumes that only by use of infinite spatial geometry, and by using only the Gertenshehtein effect, that indeed one can convince oneself as to not bothering with the very real prospects of earthbound generation of Gravitons and Gw, and that in doing so, Gw research will be strictly limited, even with the outstanding results of LIGO, which in no way should be criticized. The entire analysis makes the case that foundational research as to the nature of GRAVITY means moving beyond the mental limitations place on Gw/Graviton research by Dyson’s 2009 paper.

关键词： Gertenshtein Effect LIGO Nuclear Detonations

Investigating Initial Conditions of the wdw Equation in Flat Space in a Transition from the Pre-Planckian Physics Era to the Electroweak Regime of Space-Time

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Journal of Modern Physics 2012年第9期3卷 1285-1288页

作者： andrew w. beckwith Physics Department Chongqing University Chongqing China

This document is due to reviewing an article by Maydanyuk and Olkhovsky, of a Nova Science conpendium as of “The big bang, theory assumptions and Problems”, as of 2012, which uses the wheeler De witt equation as an evolution equation assuming a closed universe. Having the value of k, not as the closed universe, but nearly zero of a nearly flat universe, which leads to serious problems of interpretation of what initial conditions are. These problems of interpretations of initial conditions tie in with difficulties in using QM as an initial driver of inflation. And argue in favor of using a different procedure as far as forming a wave function of the universe initially. The author wishes to thank Abhay Ashtekar for his well thought out criticism but asserts that limitations in space-time geometry largely due to when is formed from semi classical reasoning, i.e. Maxwell’s equation involving a close boundary value regime between Octonionic geometry and flat space non Octonionic geometry is a datum which Abhay Ashekhar may wish to consider in his quantum bounce model and in loop quantum gravity in the future.

关键词： wheeler De witt Equation Planck’s Constant wavefunction of the Universe Octonionic Geometry Quantum Mechanics

How Torsion as Presented by De Sabbata and Sivaram in Erice 1990 Argument as Modified May Permit Cosmological Constant, and Baseline as to Dark Energy

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第1期10卷 138-148页

作者： andrew walcott beckwith Physics Department Chongqing University Chongqing China

Based on the idea of cyclic conformal cosmology, we discuss how torsion may allow for a cosmological constant, which links the ideas given by beckwith and QaZi 2023 to a presentation as far as Torsion as given by de Sabbata and Sir-varam, Erice 1990. The 1990 article claims that Torsion cancels Cosmological vacuum energy whereas our formulation leads to a left over cosmological constant 10-121 times vacuum energy. Meantime speculation as to how all this relates to black hole physics and speculation given by Corda which replaces traditional firewalls with a different formulation are included as that presentation by Corda uses the idea of a quantum number n, which ties into our own Cosmological constant presentation.

关键词： Inflation Gravitational waves Penrose CCC

Detection of Gravitational waves with Semi Classical Features and Resulting Cosmological Implications

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第1期10卷 454-467页

作者： andrew walcott beckwith Physics Department College of Physics Chongqing University Chongqing China

The author argues in this document that initial vacuum state values possibly responsible for Gw generation in relic conditions in the initial onset of inflation may have a temporary unsqueezed, possibly even coherent initial value, which would permit in certain models classical coherent initial gravitational wave states. Furthermore, several arguments pro and con as to if or not initial relic Gw should be high frequency will be presented, with the reason given why earlier string models did NOT favor low frequency relic Gw from the big bang. what is observed is that large higher dimensions above our 4 Dimensional space time, if recipients of matter-energy from collapse and re birth of the universe are enough to insure low relic Gw. The existence of higher dimensions, in itself if the additional dimensions are small and compact will have no capacity to lower the frequency limit values of relic Gw, as predicted by Giovannini, et al. in 1995.

关键词： Graviton DM Squeezed States Coherent States High Frequency Gravity waves

Gedankenexperiment for Modified ZPE and Planck’s “Constant”, h, in the Beginning of Cosmological Expansion, Partly Due to NLED

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第1期10卷 180-184页

作者： andrew walcott beckwith Physics Department College of Physics Chongqing University Huxi Campus Chongqing China

we initially look at a non singular universe representation of entropy, based in part on what was brought up by Muller and Lousto. This is a gateway to bringing up information and computational steps (as defined by Seth Lloyd) as to what would be available initially due to a modified ZPE formalism. The ZPE formalism is modified as due to Matt Visser’s alternation of k (maximum) ~ 1/(Planck length), with a specific initial density giving rise to initial information content which may permit fixing the initial Planck’s constant, h, which is pivotal to the setting of physical law. The settings of these parameters depend upon NLED.

关键词： ZPE Planck’s “Constant” Gedankenexperiment NLED

A New Theoretical Technique for the Measurement of High-Frequency Relic Gravitational waves

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Journal of Modern Physics 2011年第6期2卷 498-518页

作者： R. Clive woods Robert M L Baker Fangyu Li Gary V Stephenson Eric w Davis andrew w beckwith 不详

Under most models of the early universe evolution, high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGws) were produced. They are referred to as “relic” high-frequency gravitational waves or HFRGws and their detection and measurement could provide important information on the origin and development of our Universe – information that could not otherwise be obtained. So far three instruments have been built to detect and measure HFRGws, but so far none of them has achieved the required sensitivity. This paper concerns another detector, originally proposed by Baker in 2000 and patented, which is based upon a recently discovered physical effect (the Li effect);this detector has accordingly been named the “Li-Baker detector.” The detector has been a joint development effort by the P. R. China and the United States HFGw research teams. A rigorous examination of the detector’s performance is important in the ongoing debate over the value of attempting to construct a Li-Baker detector and, in particular, an accurate prediction of its sensitivity in the presence of significant noise will decide whether the Li-Baker detector will be capable of detecting and measuring HFRGws. The potential for useful HFRGw measurement is theoretically confirmed.

关键词： High-Frequency Gravitational waves High-Frequency Relic Gravitational wave Measurement Primordial Gravitational waves Microwaves Cosmology General Relativity

On the apparent line-of-sight alignment of the peak X-ray intensity of the magnetosheath and the tangent to the magnetopause,as viewed by SMILE-SXI

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 155-172页

作者： andrew Read Department of Physics&Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on board the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)spacecraft will be able to view the Earth’s magnetosheath in soft *** images of the X-ray emission visible from the position of SMILE are created for a range of solar wind densities by using 3 years of the SMILE mission orbit,together with models of the expected X-ray emissivity from the Earth’s *** from global magnetohydrodynamic simulations and a simple model for exospheric neutral densities are used to compare the locations of the lines of sight along which integrated soft X-ray intensities peak with the lines of sight lying tangent to surfaces(defined here to be the magnetopause)along which local soft X-ray intensities peak or exhibit their strongest gradients,or both,for strongly southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions when no depletion or low-latitude boundary layers are ***,in the parameter space of the various times and seasons,orbital phases,solar wind conditions,and magnetopause models,the alignment of the X-ray emission peak with the magnetopause tangent is good,or is not,is *** main results are as *** spacecraft needs to be positioned well outside the magnetopause;low-altitude times near perigee are not *** addition,there are seasonal aspects:dayside-apogee orbits are generally very good because the spacecraft travels out sunward at high altitude,but nightside-apogee orbits,behind the Earth,are bad because the spacecraft only rarely leaves the ***-apogee and dawnapogee orbits are ***-apogee orbits worsen slightly over the first three mission years,whereas nightside-apogee orbits improve ***,many more times of good agreement with the peak-to-tangent hypothesis occur when the solar wind is in a high-density state,as opposed to a low-density *** a high-density state,the magnetopause is compressed,and the spacecraft is more often a good d

关键词： X-rays magnetosphere magnetosheath magnetopause Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE) Earth solar wind charge exchange