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Chemosensitizing Effect of Monk Fruit Extract on Human Bladder Cancer Cells

Journal of Cancer therapy 2024年第6期15卷 250-264页

作者： Sensuke Konno Jonathan Wong andrew Penunuri Kelvin Zheng Muhammad Choudhury Department of Urology New York Medical College Valhalla New York USA

the outcomes of chemotherapy have been unsatisfactory with the palpable side effects. We hypothesized that natural products might help improve chemotherapy with few side effects. Recently, we came across the bioactive extracts of monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenori) with anticancer activity. We then investigated if these extracts might have chemosensitizing effect to improve the efficacy of drugs clinically used today. Four different drugs, cisplatin (CPL), carboplatin (CBL), mitomycin C (MMC), and gemcitabine (GEM), were used in this study. Human bladder cancer t24 cells were treated with each drug itself or drug combined with either LLE or MOG (two types of monk fruit extracts). Cell viability was determined to assess anticancer effect and also explored the anticancer mechanism of such combinations, focusing on the status of glycolysis, cell cycle, and chromatin structure. Cell viability test showed that all drugs had anticancer activity, reducing cell viability, but only CPL showed the enhanced anticancer effect when combined with LLE (not with MOG). the rest of three drugs had no such effects with LLE or MOG. the CPL/LLE combination was found to disrupt glycolysis, by inhibiting hexokinase activity, resulted in the decreased AtP synthesis. this combination also blocked the cell cycle progression, due to a G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the two epigenetic regulators, DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase, were inactivated with the combination, indicating chromatin modifications. Ultimately, these treated cells were found to undergo apoptosis. In conclusion, anticancer activity of CPL can be significantly enhanced with LLE. this chemosensitizing effect is attributed to the glycolysis inhibition, a G1 cell cycle arrest, and chromatin modifications, ultimately leading to apoptosis. thus, certain natural products such as LLE could be used as an adjuvant agent in current chemotherapy, improving the drug efficacy but minimizing side effects.

关键词： Monk Fruit Anticancer Bladder Cancer Chemosensitization Lakanto

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Ride the Indian

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考试与评价（英语高一专刊） 2018年第9期 43-44,38页

作者： andrew t. pelletier

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CD8+t cell metabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ARS2 axisdriven alternative splicing of PKM supports antitumor immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 260-274页

作者： G.Aaron Holling Colin A.Chavel Anand P.Sharda Mackenzie M.Lieberman Caitlin M.James Shivana M.Lightman Jason H.tong Guanxi Qiao tiffany R.Emmons thejaswini Giridharan Shengqi Hou andrew M.Intlekofer Richard M.Higashi teresa W.M.Fan andrew N.Lane Kevin H.Eng Brahm H.Segal Elizabeth A.Repasky Kelvin P.Lee Scott H.Olejniczak Department of Immunology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Department of Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer CenterLexingtonKY 40536USA Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Present address:University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO 80309USA Present address:Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA 02215USA Present address:Massachusetts Institute of technology BostonMA 02139USA Present address:Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

Metabolic flexibility has emerged as a critical determinant of CD8+t-cell antitumor activity,yet the mechanisms driving the metabolic flexibility of t cells have not been *** this study,we investigated the influence of the nuclear cap-binding complex(CBC)adaptor protein ARS2 on mature t *** doing so,we discovered a novel signaling axis that endows activated CD8+t cells with flexibility of glucose ***2 upregulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced splicing factor recruitment to pre-mRNAs and affected approximately one-third of t-cell activation-induced alternative splicing *** these effects,the CD28-ARS2 axis suppressed the expression of the M1 isoform of pyruvate kinase in favor of PKM2,a key determinant of CD8+t-cell glucose utilization,interferon gamma production,and antitumor effector ***,PKM alternative splicing occurred independently of CD28-driven PI3K pathway activation,revealing a novel means by which costimulation reprograms glucose metabolism in CD8+t cells.

关键词： Immunometabolism mRNA splicing CD8 t cells ARS2 PKM2

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Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman Jason Lynch Christopher E.Stevens Christopher Munley Chentao Li Jin Hou Hao Zhang andrew torma thomas Darlington Francis Coen Kevin Li Arka Majumdar PJames Schuck Aditya Mohite Hayk Harutyunyan Joshua R.Hendrickson Deep Jariwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA KBR Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIPs)are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

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Evaluation of natural goethite on the removal of arsenate and selenite from water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第2期31卷 133-141页

作者： andrew t.Jacobson Maohong Fan Department of Chemical Engineering University of Wyoming

Elevated arsenic and selenium concentrations in water cause health problems to both humans and wildlife. Natural and anthropogenic activities have caused contamination of these elements in waters worldwide, making the development of efficient cost-effective methods in their removal essential. In this work, removal of arsenate and selenite from water by adsorption onto a natural goethite(α-FeO OH) sample was studied at varying conditions. the data was then compared with other arsenate, selenite/goethite adsorption systems as much of literature shows discrepancies due to varying adsorption conditions. Characterization of the goethite was completed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–teller surface area analysis. Pseudo-first order(PFO) and pseudo-second order(PSO) kinetic models were applied; including comparisons of different regression methods. Various adsorption isotherm models were applied to determine the best fitting model and to compare adsorption capacitates with other works. Desorption/leaching of arsenate and selenite was studied though the addition of phosphate and hydroxyl ions. Langmuir isotherm modeling resulted in maximum adsorption capacities of 6.204 and 7.740 mg/g for arsenate and selenite adsorption,respectively. the PSO model applied with a non-linear regression resulted in the best kinetic fits for both adsorption and desorption of arsenate and selenite. Adsorption decreased with increasing pH. Phosphate induced desorption resulted in the highest percentage of arsenate and selenite desorbed, while hydroxide induced resulted in the fastest desorption kinetics.

关键词： Arsenic Selenium Adsorption Desorption FeOOH Water treatment

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Climate-influenced vector-borne diseases in Africa: a call to empower the next generation of African researchers for sustainable solutions

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 83-92页

作者： Obame-Nkoghe Judica?l Agossou Adjoavi Esse Mboowa Gerald Kamgang Basile Caminade Cyril Duke Dawn C. Githeko andrew Karanja Ogega Obed M. Elloué Nestor Engone Sarr Fatou Bintou Nkoghe Dieudonné Kengne Pierre Ndam Nicaise t. Paupy Christophe Bockarie Moses Otomo Patricks Voua Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory (LabMC) Biology Department University of Science and Technology of Masuku BP Franceville Gabon Ecology and Health Research Unit Interdisciplinary Center for Medical Research of Franceville BP Franceville Gabon Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of the Free State Private Bag x13 Phuthaditjhaba Republic of South Africa Laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved traditional Medicines Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi BP Cotonou Benin the African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences Infectious Diseases Institute College of Health Sciences Makerere University P. O Box Kampala Uganda Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention African Union Commission Roosevelt Street P.O. Box WKAddis Ababa Ethiopia Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases P.O. Box Yaoundé Cameroon Earth System Physics Department The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste Italy Africa Research Excellence Fund Charterhouse Street London EC1MHR UK Community Health Support Program P.O. Box Kisumu Kenya the African Academy of Sciences Nairobi Kenya Center for Phylosophical Studies and Research (CERP) Omar Bongo University (UOB) BP Libreville Gabon UMRED Health Training and Research Unit University of Iba Der Thiam of Thiès BP Thiès Senegal National Parasitic Diseases Control Program Ministry of Health Libreville Gabon MIVEGEC Univ. Montpellier CNRS IRD Montpellier France MERIt IRD Paris Cité University Paris France Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana LG Accra Ghana School of Community Health Sciences Njala University Bo Sierra Leone

We look at the link between climate change and vector-borne diseases in low- and middle-income countries in Africa. the large endemicity and escalating threat of diseases such as malaria and arboviral diseases, intensified by climate change, disproportionately affects vulnerable communities globally. We highlight the urgency of prioritizing research and development, advocating for robust scientific inquiry to promote adaptation strategies, and the vital role that the next generation of African research leaders will play in addressing these challenges. Despite significant challenges such as funding shortages within countries, various pan-African-oriented funding bodies such as the African Academy of Sciences, the Africa Research Excellence Fund, the Wellcome trust, the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as well as initiatives such as the African Research Initiative for Scientific Excellence and the Pan-African Mosquito Control Association, have empowered (or are empowering) these researchers by supporting capacity building activities, including continental and global networking, skill development, mentoring, and African-led research. this article underscores the urgency of increased national investment in research, proposing the establishment of research government agencies to drive evidence-based interventions. Collaboration between governments and scientific communities, sustained by pan-African funding bodies, is crucial. through these efforts, African nations are likely to enhance the resilience and adaptive capacity of their systems and communities by navigating these challenges effectively, fostering scientific excellence and implementing transformative solutions against climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases.

关键词： Climate change Vector-borne diseases Africa Environmental justice Research and development Pan-African funding initiatives

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Novel ecosystems created by coal mines in central Queensland’s Bowen Basin

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 368-379页

作者： Peter D Erskine andrew t Fletcher Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation The University of QueenslandBrisbane QLD 4072Australia

Introduction:Open-cut coal mining began in central Queensland’s Bowen Basin approximately 50 years *** this period of time,mine rehabilitators have used a variety of tree,shrub,and groundcover species to create‘novel ecosystems’to stabilise soils and provide vegetative cover for pre-supposed final end-land *** examine post-mining rehabilitation from multiple soil and vegetation monitoring activities in the Bowen Basin to assess the similarity of landforms,plant composition,and trends in plant diversity compared to unmined reference ***:Rehabilitated spoil dumps and reference sites were assessed using soil and vegetation data contained in compliance monitoring reports from Goonyella Riverside,Moura,Oaky Creek,Rolleston,and Blackwater ***,soil chemistry,and plant species mixes of rehabilitation aged from 2 to 22 years were compared to selected reference ***:Mines in this region have generally proposed one of two post-rehabilitation end-land uses:either pasture for cattle grazing or reconstructed native communities which potentially provide native fauna *** data from a selection of these mine sites suggest that when their rehabilitation was compared to nearby reference sites median slope values were between 2.5 and 7 times steeper and soil pH,electrical conductivity,and phosphorus levels were significantly *** steeply sloped landforms,poor soil characteristics,depauperate native species pool,and uniform presence of exotic pasture grasses in the rehabilitation indicate that most of these newly created ecosystems should not be used for cattle grazing and also have few natural ***:Legislative and community expectations have changed progressively over time and,although much of the rehabilitation is currently dominated by an assemblage of exotic buffel grass(Cenchrus ciliaris)and Acacia spp.,recent environmental authorities suggest these‘novel ecosystems’will be judged against native refere

关键词： Coal mining Completion criteria Environmental conditions Novel ecosystems

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Dynamic mechanical relaxation behavior of Zr_(35)Hf_(17.5)ti_(5.5)Al_(12.5)Co_(7.5)Ni_(12)Cu_(10)high entropy bulk metallic glass

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2021年第24期83卷 248-255页

作者： L.t.Zhang Y.J.Duan t.Wada H.Kato J.M.pelletier D.Crespo E.Pineda J.C.Qiao School of Mechanics Civil Engineering and ArchitectureNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8577Japan Universitéde Lyon MATEISUMR CNRS5510Bat.B.PascalINSA-LyonF-69621Villeurbanne CedexFrance Department of Physics Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and TechnologyInstitute of Energy TechnologiesUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya08019BarcelonaSpain

Non-equiatomic high entropy bulk metallic glasses were reported recently and show unique mechanical and physical *** mechanical relaxation behavior of Zr_(35)Hf_(17.5)ti_(5.5)Al_(12.5)Co_(7.5)Ni_(12)Cu_(10)high entropy bulk metallic glass was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA)and the mechanical spectra could be well described by the quasi-point defects(QPD)*** to typical metallic glasses,the intensity of theβrelaxation of Zr_(35)Hf_(17.5)ti_(5.5)Al_(12.5)Co_(7.5)Ni_(12)Cu_(10)high entropy bulk metallic glass is lower due to the sluggish *** the same time,the correlation factor is higher than that of conventional metallic glasses and this is ascribed to the high configuration *** parallel,physical aging below the glass transition temperature leads to a decrease of atomic mobility,caused by a decrease of the concentration of defects.

关键词： High entropy bulk metallic glass Mechanical relaxation Quasi-point defects Physical aging

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Analysis of the anelastic deformation of high-entropy Pd_(20)Pt_(20)Cu_(20)Ni_(20)P_(20) metallic glass under stress relaxation and recovery

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2022年第12期107卷 82-91页

作者： Y.J.Duan L.t.Zhang t.Wada H.Kato E.Pineda D.Crespo J.M.pelletier J.C.Qiao School of Mechanics Civil Engineering and ArchitectureNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Department of Physics Institute of Energy TechnologiesUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaBarcelona 08019Spain Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Universitéde Lyon MATEISUMR CNRS5510Bat.B.PascalINSA-LyonF-69621 Villeurbanne CedexFrance

the anelastic deformation behavior of Pd_(20)Pt_(20)Cu_(20)Ni_(20)P_(20) high-entropy metallic glass was probed by monitoring the stress relaxation and recovery processes. the stress relaxation under consecutive strain steps can be described by the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts(KWW) function. In addition, considering a hierarchy of relaxation processes related to the structural heterogeneity, a constitutive model is proposed in order to describe the whole process of stress relaxation and determine the contribution of different time scales. Moreover, a crossover from stochastic activation to percolation of flow defects with the ultimate strain can be observed during stress relaxation process. the anelastic recovery process after a strain step is studied as a function of the initial strain level and characterized by means of a direct spectrum analysis. the peaks in the recovery time-spectra revealed the evolution of flow defects in Pd_(20)Pt_(20)Cu_(20)Ni_(20)P_(20) high-entropy metallic glass. the understanding of the atomic free-volume zones effect and the anelastic deformation provides important insight into how atomic structural features affect the deformation behavior of high-entropy metallic glasses, and may provide a new avenue into the improvement of their mechanical properties.

关键词： High-entropy metallic glass Stress relaxation Anelastic deformation Flow defects Free-volume zones

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Pseudouridines in spliceosomal snRNAs

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Protein & Cell 2011年第9期2卷 712-725页

作者： andrew t.Yu Junhui Ge Yi-tao Yu Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Center for RNA BiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical Center601 Elmwood AvenueRochesterNY 14642USA Department of Pathology Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200003China

Spliceosomal RNAs are a family of small nuclear RNAs(snRNAs)that are essential for pre-mRNA *** vertebrate spliceosomal snRNAs are extensively pseudouridylated after *** in spliceosomal snRNAs are generally clustered in regions that are functionally important during *** of these modified nucleotides are conserved across species *** studies have demonstrated that spliceosomal snRNA pseudouridylation is catalyzed by two different mechanisms:an RNA-dependent mechanism and an RNA-independent *** functions of the pseudouridines in spliceosomal snRNAs(U2 snRNA in particular)have also been extensively *** data indicate that virtually all pseudouridines in U2 snRNA are functionally *** the currently known pseudouridines(constitutive modifications),recent work has also indicated that pseudouridylation can be induced at novel positions under stress conditions,thus strongly suggesting that pseudouridylation is also a regulatory modification.

关键词： small nuclear RNAs(snRNAs) pseudouridine spliceosome small nuclear ribonucleoproteins(snRNPs)

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