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Liquid biopsies for liquid tumors: emerging potential of circulating free nucleic acid evaluation for the management of hematologic malignancies

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2016年第2期13卷 215-225页

作者： Jay Hocking Sridurga Mithraprabhu Anna Kalff andrew spencer Myeloma Research Group Australian Center for Blood Diseases Monash University Malignant Haematology & Stem Cell Transplantation Service Alfred Hospital

Circulating free nucleic acids; cell free DNA and circulating micro-RNA, are found in the plasma of patients with hematologic and solid malignancies at levels higher than that of healthy individuals. In patients with hematologic malignancy cell free DNA reflects the underlying tumor mutational profile, whilst micro-RNAs reflect genetic interference mechanisms within a tumor and potentially the surrounding microenvironment and immune effector cells. These circulating nucleic acids offer a potentially simple, non-invasive, repeatable analysis that can aid in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic decisions in cancer treatment.

关键词： Circulating nucleic acids DNA miRNA hematologic malignancy biopsy

The role of cell free DNA and liquid biopsies in haematological conditions

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第3期3卷 521-531页

作者： Nicholas Bingham andrew spencer Australian Centre for Blood Diseases Monash UniversityVictoria 3181Australia.

Cell free nucleic acids(CFNAs)are nucleic acids released from cells that circulate within bodily *** advances in molecular techniques have led to the ability to interrogate CFNAs in a clinically meaningful way,for example the identification and assessment of foetal CFNAs in maternal blood,allowing minimally invasive testing for foetal genetic *** majority of CFNAs arise from haemopoietic cells,making it a particularly rich source of genetic information in haematological ***,the innate genetic heterogeneity of haematological malignancies,as epitomised by multiple myeloma,lend itself well to“liquid biopsies”.This approach promises to provide a more wholistic assessment of whole disease genetics,especially when contrasted against the current gold-standard of single site tissue *** review briefly summarises the definitions and physiology of CFNAs,both cell free DNA(cfDNA)and extracellular RNA(exRNA),before exploring the literature surrounding the current and future roles of cfDNA in the haematological malignancies and patient care.

关键词： cfDNA liquid biopsy haematology myeloma lymphoma leukaemia

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《语缀导论》述介

当代语言学 2016年第3期18卷 457-460页

作者： andrew spencer Ana R.Luís 董思聪张磊不详华南师范大学文学院 510006 华中师范大学文学院 430079

《语缀导论》（Clitics：AnIntroduction）由剑桥大学出版社作为“剑桥语言学教科书”系列的第65本于2012年7月出版，作者为andrewspencer和***，全书分为9章，共xviii＋369页。该书是首部关于语缀问题的导论性著作，以过百种语言的材... 详细信息

《语缀导论》（Clitics：AnIntroduction）由剑桥大学出版社作为“剑桥语言学教科书”系列的第65本于2012年7月出版，作者为andrewspencer和***，全书分为9章，共xviii＋369页。该书是首部关于语缀问题的导论性著作，以过百种语言的材料描写了大量语缀系统，系统总结了语缀的性质、用法、类型等问题，并详细介绍了理论方法多样的语缀研究成果。下面进行简要评介。

关键词：语缀导论剑桥大学出版社研究成果语言学教科书系统

Comparing the Structural Parameters of the Milky Way to Other Spiral Galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 10-28页

作者： Jacob A.Guerrette Aleksandr V.Mosenkov Dallin spencer Zacory D.Shakespear Department of Physics and AstronomyN283 ESCBrigham Young University ProvoUT 84602USA

The structural parameters of a galaxy can be used to gain insight into its formation and evolution *** this paper,we strive to compare the Milky Way’s structural parameters to other,primarily edge-on,spiral galaxies in order to determine how our Galaxy measures up to the Local *** our comparison,we use the galaxy structural parameters gathered from a variety of literature sources in the optical and near-infrared wave *** compare the scale length,scale height,and disk flatness for both the thin and thick disks,the thick-to-thin disk mass ratio,the bulge-to-total luminosity ratio,and the mean pitch angle of the Milky Way’s spiral arms to those in other *** conclude that many of the Milky Way’s structural parameters are largely ordinary and typical of spiral galaxies in the Local Universe,though the Galaxy’s thick disk appears to be appreciably thinner and less extended than expected from zoom-in cosmological simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies with a significant contribution of galaxy mergers involving satellite galaxies.

关键词： Galaxy disk-galaxies fundamental parameters-Galaxy structure

Reinforced tissue matrix to strengthen the abdominal wall following reversal of temporary ostomies or to treat incisional hernias

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 823-832页

作者： spencer P Lake Corey R Deeken Amit K Agarwal Mechanical Engineering&Materials Science Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130United States Covalent Bio LLCSt.LouisMO 63025United States Department of Surgery McGovern Medical School at UTHealthHoustonTX 77026United States

BACKGROUND Abdominal wall deficiencies or weakness are a common complication of tem-porary ostomies,and incisional hernias frequently develop after colostomy or ileostomy *** use of synthetic meshes to reinforce the abdominal wall has reduced hernia *** meshes have also been used to enhance healing,particularly in contaminated *** tissue matrices(R-TMs),which include a biologic scaffold of native extracellular matrix and a syn-thetic component for added strength/durability,are designed to take advantage of aspects of both synthetic and biologic *** date,RTMs have not been reported to reinforce the abdominal wall following stoma *** Twenty-eight patients were selected with a parastomal and/or incisional hernia who had received a temporary ileostomy or colostomy for fecal diversion after rectal cancer treatment or *** hernia repair and proximal stoma closure,RTM(OviTex®1S permanent or OviTex®LPR)was placed to reinforce the abdominal wall using a laparoscopic,robotic,or open surgical ***-operative follow-up was performed at 1 month and 1 *** recurrence was determined by physical examination and,when necessary,via computed tomo-graphy *** endpoints included length of hospital stay,time to return to work,and hospital *** complications of the wound/repair site included presence of surgical site infection,seroma,hematoma,wound dehiscence,or fistula *** The observational study cohort included 16 male and 12 female patients with average age of 58.5 years±16.3 years and average body mass index of 26.2 kg/m^(2)±4.1 kg/m^(2).Patients presented with a parastomal hernia(75.0%),in-cisional hernia(14.3%),or combined parastomal/incisional hernia(10.7%).Using a laparoscopic(53.6%),robotic(35.7%),or open(10.7%)technique,RTMs(OviTex®LPR:82.1%,OviTex®1S:17.9%)were placed using sublay(82.1%)or intraperitoneal onlay(IPOM;17.9%)mesh *** 1-mo

关键词： Reinforced tissue matrix Reinforced forestomach matrix Ileostomy Colostomy Ostomy takedown Incisional hernia Abdominal wall

Determinants of Tobacco Cultivation and the Associated Impacts of Adoption in Hurungwe District, Zimbabwe

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 505-531页

作者： spencer Sibanda Satoshi Tsuyuki Department of Information and Computer Sciences Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan Department of Global Agricultural Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

Tobacco is an essential cash crop in Zimbabwe and a strategic livelihood option for hundreds of thousands of rural households. However, the crop is linked to negative environmental, economic, and social impacts. The existing studies on tobacco cultivation in Zimbabwe present contradictory findings on the determinants and impacts of adoption, leaving unanswered questions about the crop’s sustainability impact in the country. This article investigates the determinants of smallholder farmers’ decisions to grow tobacco and the associated impacts of adoption. Random and purposive sampling were used to select 273 household surveys, including tobacco and non-tobacco smallholder farmers, and 56 expert interviews to answer the research questions. We employed regression models alongside expert interviews and document analysis to identify the determinants influencing the decision-making process of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe regarding tobacco cultivation. Additionally, our investigation aimed to elucidate the perceived impacts associated with the adoption of this agricultural practice. The regression analysis indicated that the farmer’s age, education level, farming experience, family size, household income, and perceived high farm profitability are significant drivers of tobacco adoption. We also discovered divergent and convergent perceptions of the critical impacts of tobacco cultivation. The study highlights the need for proactive multi-stakeholder collaboration and sustainable financial arrangements to address the negative impacts of tobacco production. As the primary stakeholder responsible for regulating and promoting agricultural activities, the Zimbabwean government should provide meaningful financial support, increase access to credit, and ensure better market facilities for alternative crops to reduce the over-dependence on tobacco.

关键词： Tobacco Cultivation Determinants of Adoption Sustainability Impacts Economic Livelihood Stakeholder Perceptions

Participatory Forest Management and Gender Inclusiveness within the Community Forest Management Groups of Bhutan

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第4期12卷 12-30页

作者： Norbu Zangmo Takuya Hiroshima spencer Sibanda Jigme Dorji Department of Global Agricultural Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Forest Monitoring and Evaluation Section Forest Monitoring and Information Division Department of Forests and Park Services Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources Thimphu Bhutan Department of Information and Computer Sciences Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan Project Management Unit Department of Tourism Thimphu Bhutan

Community forest management groups (CFMGs) in Bhutan exhibit participatory forest management practices that recognize the importance of community’s collective participation in the management of natural forest resources. This approach involves the community in the stewardship of designated forest areas and resources to ensure sustainable livelihoods and realization of forest conservation objectives. The increase of CFMGs in the country has been successful. However, research on the extent of gender-inclusive participation in CFMGs is either insufficient or missing vis-à-vis the allocation of decision-making power. Therefore, this study analyzes the factors influencing gender participation in CFMGs and their integration into decision-making processes. Primary data were collected from 12 study sites spanning 4 regions, complemented by secondary data from the Forest Department. Regression models were used to identify factors significantly influencing CFMG member participation in decision-making. The empirical results of this study reveal that gender is a significant factor influencing participation in CFMG decision-making. The study concludes that there is insufficient participation of women members in decision-making processes. Therefore, consideration of gender should be included in the development phase of the CFMG policy in addition to promoting awareness of inequity between gender and the promotion of leadership roles for women in CFMGs.

关键词： Decision-Making Face-to-Face Interview Regression Analysis Women

Navigating Long-Term Management Challenges in Short Bowel Syndrome: A Case Report of Chronic Intestinal Failure Complicated by Kidney Dysfunction

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 175-180页

作者： Abraamyan Feruza Prasad Thajus Salk spencer Mahmood Khalid Internal Medicine Department Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville California USA Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine Idaho USA

The most common cause of intestinal failure is short bowel syndrome (SBS), occurring as a result of a small functional intestine length, usually less than 200 cm, leading to intestinal malabsorption. A 59-year-old female with a past medical history of Crohns disease status post total colectomy with ileostomy over 20 years ago came to the hospital due to progressive weakness. Despite medical management, the patient had high ileostomy output, leading to electrolyte disbalance, metabolic acidosis, dehydration, and progressive kidney decline. Due to the high dependence on continuous fluid supplementation, it was decided to place a port for parenteral hydration to maintain fluid replacements and homeostasis after discharge. Prompt initiation of parenteral fluid replacement and close follow-up on patients with ileostomy and intestinal failure is strongly recommended to avoid complications and prevent intestinal, liver, or kidney transplants.

关键词： Crohn’s Disease Intestinal Failure Short Bowel Syndrome High Ileostomy Output TPN

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《谁动了我的奶酪?》(节选)

疯狂英语（新读写） 2024年第2期 51-53,77页

作者： spencer Johnson 不详

作者:斯宾塞·约翰逊(spencer Johnson,1940—2017),是南加州大学心理学学士、皇家外科医学院医学博士,曾是哈佛医学院和梅奥诊所的实习医生。他是全球知名的思想先锋、演说家和畅销书作家,他的许多观点,使成千上万的人发现了生活中的... 详细信息

作者:斯宾塞·约翰逊(spencer Johnson,1940—2017),是南加州大学心理学学士、皇家外科医学院医学博士,曾是哈佛医学院和梅奥诊所的实习医生。他是全球知名的思想先锋、演说家和畅销书作家,他的许多观点,使成千上万的人发现了生活中的简单真理,使人们的生活更健康、更成功、更轻松。面对复杂的问题提出简单有效的解决办法,在这方面,他被认为是最好的专家,他是许多畅销书的著作者或合著者。目前斯宾塞·约翰逊的书已被翻译成多种语言。

关键词：畅销书作家哈佛医学院南加州大学实习医生梅奥诊所合著者斯宾塞演说家