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Evaluation and hedonic value in mate choice

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Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 485-492页

作者： Gil G. rosenthal Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de Investigaciones Cientificas de la Huastecas "Aguazarca" Università degli Studi di Torino Italy

Mating preferences can show extreme variation within and among individuals even when sensory inputs are conserved. This variation is a result of changes associated with evaluative mechanisms that assign positive, neutral, or negative hedonic value to stimuli--that is, label them as attractive, uninteresting, or unattractive. There is widespread behavioral evidence for differences in genes, environmental cues, or social experience leading to marked changes in the hedonic value of stimuli. Evaluation is accomplished through an array of mechanisms that are readily modifiable through genetic changes or environmental inputs, and that may often result in the rapid acquisition or loss of behavioral preferences. Reversals in preference arising from ＂flips＂ in hedonic value may be quite common. Incorporating such discontinuous changes into models of preference evolution may illuminate our understanding of processes like trait diversification, sexual conflict, and sympatric speciation.

关键词： associative learning assortative mating meting preference sensory biology valence

Management of portal hypertension in children

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第11期18卷 1176-1184页

作者： Roberto Gugig Philip rosenthal Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Deprtment of PediatricsUniversity of California

Portal hypertension can be caused by a wide variety of *** frequently presents with bleeding from esophageal *** approach to acute variceal hemorrhage in children is a stepwise progression from least invasive to most *** of acute variceal bleeding is *** data on primary prophylaxis and long term management prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding in children is scarce,therefore prospective multicenter trials are needed to establish best practices.

关键词： Portal hypertension Variceal hemorrhage Children

Idempotent Completions of Operator Partial Matrices

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 1999年第3期15卷 333-346页

作者： Heydar Radjavi Peter rosenthal Department of Mathematics Shanxi Teachers University Linfen 041004 P. R. ChinaDepartment of Mathematics Statistics and Computing Science Dalhousie University Halifax N.S. B3H 3J5 Canada Department of Mathematics University of Toronto Toronto On M5S 1A1 Canada

Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for operator partial 2×2 matrices to have an idempotent completion, and all such completions are parametrically represented.

关键词： Hilbert space Operator matrix Idempotent operator

What is it like to be a peahen？

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 180-183页

作者： Gil rosenthal Guest Editor Department of Biology Texas A&M University TX 77843USA grosenthal@bio.tamu.edu Centl'O de Investigaciones Cientificas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca" 16 de Septiembre 392 colonia Aguazarca Calnali Hi- dalgo Mexico

The 1970s and 1980s marked the apotheosis of Dar- win＇s （1871） conjecture, dismissed in its day, that mate choice driven by individual aesthetic preferences - a ＂taste for the beautiful＂ - plays a central role in evolu- tion. The major lines of mate-choice research were largely defined by 1990. Animal behaviorists and neu- roethologists had shown that preferences were multidi- mensional （Burley, 1981） and contingent on a multipli- city of factors （Bateson, 1978）. Evolutionary geneticists and behavioral ecologists argued that positive （Zahavi A, 1975）, negative （Parker, 1979） or neutral （Lande, 1981） fitness effects could drive the evolution of mating prefe- rences, or that preferences could ~merge from functions unrelated to mating （Endler, 1992, Ryan, 1990）. Under any of these scenarios, mate choice could play an inte- gral role in the origin and maintenance of gene flow barriers among species and in the structure of natural populations （Lande, 1981, Searcy, 1982, West- Eberhard, 1983）. Many of these ideas were crystallized in an eponymous volume edited by Bateson （1983）; progress was summarized a decade later as part of Andersson＇s （1994） encyclopedic Sexual Selection.

关键词：动物行为学孔雀生态学家遗传学家基因流动种群结构性别选择百科全书

What artifice can and cannot tell us aboutanimal behavior

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 21-26页

作者： Daniel L. POWELL Gil G. rosenthal Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de InvestigacionesCientfficas de las Huastecas Aguazarca 43230 Calnali Hidalgo Mexico

Artifice--the manipulation of social and environmental stimuli--is fundamental to research in ani-mal behavior. State-of-the-art techniques have been developed to generate and present complexvisual stimuli. These techniques have unique strengths and limitations. However, many of theissues with synthetic animation and virtual reality are common to playback experiments in general,including those using unmanipulated video or auditory stimuli. Playback experiments, in turn, fallinto the broader category of experiments that artificially manipulate the array of stimuli experi-enced by a subject. We argue that the challenges of designing and interpreting experiments usingvirtual reality or synthetic animations are largely comparable to those of studies using oldertechnologies or addressing other modalities, and that technology alone is unlikely to solve thesechallenges. We suggest that appropriate experimental designs are the key to validating behavioralresponses to artificial stimuli and to interpreting all studies using artifice, including those that pre-sent complex visual displays.

关键词： animation, animal communication, artifice, experimental design, mate choice, playback.

In-vivo optical imaging in head and neck oncology: basic principles, clinical applications and future directions

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International Journal of Oral Science 2018年第1期10卷 14-26页

作者： Chenzhou Wu John Gleysteen Nutte Tarn Teraphongphom Yi Li Eben rosenthal State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan University Department of Otolaryngology University of Tennessee Health Science Center Department of Otolaryngology and Radiology Stanford University

Head and neck cancers become a severe threat to human’s health nowadays and represent the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Surgery remains the first-line choice for head and neck cancer patients. Limited resectable tissue mass and complicated anatomy structures in the head and neck region put the surgeons in a dilemma between the extensive resection and a better quality of life for the patients. Early diagnosis and treatment of the pre-malignancies, as well as real-time in vivo detection of surgical margins during en bloc resection, could be leveraged to minimize the resection of normal tissues. With the understanding of the head and neck oncology, recent advances in optical hardware and reagents have provided unique opportunities for real-time pre-malignancies and cancer imaging in the clinic or operating room. Optical imaging in the head and neck has been reported using autofluorescence imaging, targeted fluorescence imaging, high-resolution microendoscopy, narrow band imaging and the Raman spectroscopy. In this study, we reviewed the basic theories and clinical applications of optical imaging for the diagnosis and treatment in the field of head and neck oncology with the goal of identifying limitations and facilitating future advancements in the field.

关键词： SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY HIGH-RESOLUTION MICROENDOSCOPY ORAL-CANCER PHARYNGEAL CANCER AUTOFLUORESCENCE ENDOSCOPY FLUORESCENCE VISUALIZATION TISSUE AUTOFLUORESCENCE RESECTION MARGINS LARYNGEAL-CANCER

Effectiveness of traffic light system on Brazilian consumers perception of food healthfulness

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2019年第4期8卷 368-374页

作者： Mayara Lima Marcela de Alcantara Amauri rosenthal Rosires Deliza IT/DTA–Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro BR 465–Km 07CEP 23.890-000SeropédicaRJBrazil Nutrition and Dietetics Department–Federal Fluminense University Rua Mário Santos Braga30CEPNiteróiRJBrazil PDJ-CNPq/Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos Av.das Américas29501CEP 23.020-470Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos Av.das Américas29501CEP 23.020-470Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil

Front-of-package(FOP)nutrition labelling schemes were developed to improve consumer’s comprehension about the food nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases(NCDs).Several FOPs have already been developed,and Brazil is in the process of evaluating a scheme to introduce in the *** aim of this study was to investigate the impact of TLS,the scheme proposed by the food industry,on the product healthfulness perception.A study with 141 participants was carried out.A conjoint task was designed considering three categories and levels:types of dairy products(light yogurt,prato cheese,and chocolate flavoured milk),Traffic Light System(yes ***)and brand(well-known ***).The effect of TLS on perceived healthfulness was evaluated using a 9-point scales(1:not healthy;9:very healthy).Results showed that the inclusion of TLS did not influence the perceived healthfulness of the products by consumers,even among consumers with higher interest in healthy *** findings suggest that the proposal supported by the food industry does not seem to be the most appropriate,being recommended the development of further studies to compare the efficacy of TLS and other FOP schemes.

关键词： Front of pack Traffic light system Healthfulness perception Food products

Geochemical characteristics from tests of four modern planktonic foraminiferal species in the Indonesian Throughflow region and their implications

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 505-516页

作者： Peng Zhang Rina Zuraida Yair rosenthal Ann Holbourn Wolfgang Kuhnt Jian Xu Institute of Cenozoic Geology and Environment State Key Laboratory of Continental DynamicsDepartment of GeologyNorthwest University Marine Geology Institute Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences RutgersThe State University of New Jersey Institute of Geosciences Christian-Albrechts-University

Test geochemistry of planktonic foraminifera is an indispensable tool in reconstructing past ocean hydrological changes. It is essential to investigate region-specific implications of test geochemistry,although those established from other regions can be broadly applied. In this study, characteristics of6180 and Mg/Ca from tests of four planktonic foraminiferal species, Globigerinoides ruber sensu stricto(s.s.), Globigerinoides sacculifer, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, from 60 coretop sediment samples retrieved from the Indonesian Throughflow(ITF) region were studied. These geochemical data were compared with modern hydrographic profiles in order to assess their relations and to investigate potential implications of test geochemical parameters in reconstructing past oceanographic change in the ITF region. Calcification depths of these four species were first estimated based on comparison between measured test δ180 and predicted calcite δ^(18)O that was calculated from modern temperature and salinity. The results indicate that G. ruber s.s. and G. sacculifer calcify within the mixedlayer at 0-50 m and 20-75 m, respectively, whereas P. obliquiloculata and N. dutertrei calcify within the thermocline at around 75 to 125 m. A combined study of excess Mg/Ca(difference between measured and predicted Mg/Ca) and salinity suggests that salinity exerts a negligible impact on test Mg/Ca of these foraminiferal species in the ITF region. Comparison of test Mg/Ca-derived temperatures with temperature profiles of the upper 200 m of the water column from the seas of the ITF region also indicate calcification depths of these species, which match well with the above estimations using test δ^(18)O. It further indicates that G. sacculifer may be more sensitive in reflecting changes in the depth of the mixedlayer, highlighting a potential use of Mg/Ca temperature difference between G. ruber s.s. and G. sacculifer in reconstructing the depth of the mixed-lay

关键词： Test geochemistry Multi-species Planktonic foraminifera Core-top sediments Indonesian Throughflow region

The Discrete Orthogonal Polynomial Least Squares Method for Approximation and Solving Partial Differential Equations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第3期3卷 734-758页

作者： Anne Gelb Rodrigo B.Platte W.Steven rosenthal Department of Mathematics and Statistics Arizona State UniversityTempeArizona 85287USA

We investigate numerical approximations based on polynomials that are orthogonal with respect to a weighted discrete inner product and develop an algorithm for solving time dependent differential *** focus on the family of super Gaussian weight functions and derive a criterion for the choice of parameters that provides good accuracy and stability for the time evolution of partial differential *** results show that this approach circumvents the problems related to the Runge phenomenon on equally spaced nodes and provides high accuracy in *** time stability,small corrections near the ends of the interval are computed using local polynomial *** numerical experiments illustrate the performance of the method.

关键词： Discrete least-squares orthogonal polynomials spectralmethods high order numerical methods uniform grid.