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Underutilization of Living Donor Liver Transplantation in the United States: Bias against MELD 20 and Higher

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2016年第3期4卷 169-174页

作者： Ryan B.Perumpail Eric R.Yoo George Cholankeril Lupe Hogan Melodie Deis Waldo C.Concepcion C.andrew Bonham Zobair M.Younossi robert J.Wong Aijaz Ahmed Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA Department of Medicine University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago IL USA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis TN USA Division of Surgery Division of Abdominal Transplantation Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA Department of Medicine Center for Liver Diseases Inova Fairfax HospitalFalls Church VA USA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Alameda Health System Highland Hospital CampusOakland CA USA

Background and Aims:Utilization of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and its relationship with recipient Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) needs further evaluation in the United States (U.S.).We evaluated the association between recipient MELD score at the time of surgery and survival following ***:All *** LDLT recipients with MELD< 25 were evaluated using the 1995-2012 United Network for Organ Sharing *** following LDLTwas stratified into three MELD categories (MELD< 15 *** 15-19 *** 20-24) and evaluated using Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariate Cox proportional hazards ***:Overall,2,258 patients underwent *** to patients with MELD< 15,overall 5-year survival following LDLT was similar among patients with MELD 15-19 (80.9% vs.80.3%,p =0.77) and MELD 20-24 (81.2% vs.80.3%,p =0.73).When compared to patients with MELD<15,there was no significant difference in long-term post-LDLT survival among those with MELD 15-19 (HR:1.11,95% CI:0.85-1.45,p =0.45) and a non-significant trend towards lower survival in patients with MELD 20-24 (HR:1.28,95%CI:0.91-1.81,p =0.16).Only 14% of LDLTs were performed in patients with MELD 20-24 and the remaining 86% in patients with MELD< ***:LDLT is underutilized in patients with MELD 20 and higher.

关键词： Living donors Liver transplantation Waitlist Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD)

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Demonstration of Covalent Sidewall Functionalization of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes by NMR Spectroscopy:Side Chain Length Dependence on the Observation of the Sidewall sp^(3)Carbons

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Nano Research 2008年第1期1卷 72-88页

作者： Liling Zeng Lawrence B.Alemany Christopher L.Edwards andrew R.Barron Richard E.Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA

Carboxylic acid-functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)prepared via the reaction of an amino acid,NH2(CH2)nCO2H where n=1(glycine,GLY),5(6-aminohexanoic acid,AHA),10(11-aminoundecanoic acid,AUDA),with fl uorinated single walled carbon nanotubes(F-SWNTs)have been characterized by MAS 13C NMR *** ease of observing the aliphatic CH2 groups and the resolution of the signal are dependent on the length of the amino acid’s aliphatic *** have proposed that where substituent chains are short(making NMR data collection difficult)chemical modification to extend the chain length should alleviate analysis *** this regard,we have investigated the esterifi cation of the carboxylic acid *** amino acid-functionalized SWNTs were esterified with an appropriate alcohol to ensure parity of the overall substituent length,i.e.,GLY-SWNT(C1)+1-dodecanol(C_(12))=DOD-GLY-SWNT(1),AHA-SWNT(C_(5))+1-octanol(C_(8))=OCT-AHA-SWNT(2),and AUDA-SWNT(C_(10))+1-propanol(C_(3))=PRO-AUDA-SWNT(3).The 13C NMR shift for the sp3 nitrogen-substituted carbon atoms of the SWNT sidewall is observed atδ≈75 *** the length of SWNT sidewall functional groups enhances the ability to observe the sidewall sp^(3)*** methylene carbon signal intensity is less attenuated in the dipolar dephasing spectrum of the ester-functionalized SWNTs than their associated amino acid derivatives,suggesting more motional freedom of the side chain in the solid *** confi rmation of the dipolar dephasing spectral effects was assisted by the characterization of the ester of AUDA-SWNT with 1,3-propanediol:PPD-AUDA-SWNT(4).

关键词： Single walled carbon nanotube(SWNT) nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) esterification amino acid functionalization

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Tillage, Crop Rotation, and Cultural Practice Effects on Dryland Soil Carbon Fractions

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2012年第3期2卷 242-255页

作者： Upendra M. Sainju andrew W. Lenssen Thecan Caesar-TonThat Jalal D. Jabro robert T. Lartey robert G. Evans Brett L. Allen Agronomy Deaprtment Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA. U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory 1500 North Central Avenue Sidney Montana 59270 USA

Information is needed on novel management practices to increase dryland C sequestration and soil quality in the northern Great Plains, USA. We evaluated the effects of tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice on dryland crop biomass (stems and leaves) yield, surface residue, and soil C fractions at the 0-20 cm depth from 2004 to 2008 in a Williams loam in eastern Montana, USA. Treatments were two tillage (no-tillage [NT] and conventional tillage [CT]), two crop rotations (continuous spring wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] [CW] and spring wheat-barley [Hordeum vulgaris L.] hay-corn [Zea mays L.]-pea [Pisum sativum L.] [W-B-C-P]), and two cultural practices (regular [conventional seed rates and plant spacing, conventional planting date, broadcast N fertilization, and reduced stubble height] and ecological [variable seed rates and plant spacing, delayed planting, banded N fertilization, and increased stubble height]). Carbon fractions were soil organic C (SOC), particulate organic C (POC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and potential C mineralization (PCM). Crop biomass was 24% to 39% greater in W-B-C-P than in CW in 2004 and 2005. Surface residue C was 36% greater in NT than in CT in the regular practice. At 5 - 20 cm, SOC was 14% greater in NT with W-B-C-P and the regular practice than in CT with CW and the ecological practice. In 2007, POC and PCM at 0 - 20 cm were 23 to 54% greater in NT with CW or the regular practice than in CT with CW or the ecological practice. Similarly, MBC at 10 - 20 cm was 70% greater with the regular than with the ecological practice in NT with CW. Surface residue, PCM, and MBC declined from autumn 2007 to spring 2008. No-tillage with the regular cultural practice increased surface residue and soil C storage and microbial biomass and activity compared to conventional tillage with the ecological practice. Mineralization reduced surface residue and soil labile C fractions from autumn to spring.

关键词： Carbon Sequestration Dryland Soil Labile Carbon Management Practices Residue Carbon

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家庭医生提供更多综合性医疗服务与更低医疗费用及更少住院率有关

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中国全科医学 2015年第25期18卷 3006-3009页

作者： andrew Bazemore Stephen Petterson Lars E.Peterson robert L.Phillips 魏亚萌美国华盛顿特区robert Graham中心美国肯塔基州列克星敦市家庭医学专科委员会中国全科医学杂志社

1引言〈br〉 2009年患者保护与平价医疗法案（ACA）开始再次关注基层医疗及其在实现美国三重目标--人群健康改善、医疗服务改进、医疗费用降低方面的作用。考虑到美国人口的老龄化、人口数目的增长及参保人口的增多，数十年的证据支持... 详细信息

1引言〈br〉 2009年患者保护与平价医疗法案（ACA）开始再次关注基层医疗及其在实现美国三重目标--人群健康改善、医疗服务改进、医疗费用降低方面的作用。考虑到美国人口的老龄化、人口数目的增长及参保人口的增多，数十年的证据支持基层医疗具备改善已超过整体经济增长数十年且仍可能继续增长的医疗费用状况的潜能。在已明确的基层医疗特征里，医疗的综合性或其覆盖健康问题、年龄阶段及治疗形式的广泛性及多样性使基层医疗发挥着积极的作用。在1996年出版的一本经常被引用的基层医疗图书中，美国医学研究所将医疗综合性定义为“……临床医生为解决绝大多数人群的医疗卫生需求而提供的综合、可获取的医疗卫生服务。”世界卫生组织于2008年对基层医疗综合性的价值进行了重申。基层医疗的另一项原则是要对患有未分化疾病的患者进行首诊，这需要医疗服务具备综合性以有效地辨别患者的症状和主诉，并在必要时进行诊断和治疗。同样，医患关系的连续性（被研究最多的基层医疗特征之一）及其在许多行医地点中的协调性都依赖于基层医疗的综合性。从理论上来讲，医疗综合性可以“在正确的时间与地点提供正确的医疗服务”，且很有可能避免之后再进行花费高的治疗。

关键词：综合性医疗服务费用分析全科医学家庭医学

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A New Theoretical Technique for the Measurement of High-Frequency Relic Gravitational Waves

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Journal of Modern Physics 2011年第6期2卷 498-518页

作者： R. Clive Woods robert M L Baker Fangyu Li Gary V Stephenson Eric W Davis andrew W Beckwith 不详

Under most models of the early universe evolution, high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) were produced. They are referred to as “relic” high-frequency gravitational waves or HFRGWs and their detection and measurement could provide important information on the origin and development of our Universe – information that could not otherwise be obtained. So far three instruments have been built to detect and measure HFRGWs, but so far none of them has achieved the required sensitivity. This paper concerns another detector, originally proposed by Baker in 2000 and patented, which is based upon a recently discovered physical effect (the Li effect);this detector has accordingly been named the “Li-Baker detector.” The detector has been a joint development effort by the P. R. China and the United States HFGW research teams. A rigorous examination of the detector’s performance is important in the ongoing debate over the value of attempting to construct a Li-Baker detector and, in particular, an accurate prediction of its sensitivity in the presence of significant noise will decide whether the Li-Baker detector will be capable of detecting and measuring HFRGWs. The potential for useful HFRGW measurement is theoretically confirmed.

关键词： High-Frequency Gravitational Waves High-Frequency Relic Gravitational Wave Measurement Primordial Gravitational Waves Microwaves Cosmology General Relativity

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Extreme events as ecosystems drivers： Ecological consequences of anomalous Southern Hemisphere weather patterns during the 2001/2002 austral spring-summer

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Advances in Polar Science 2018年第3期29卷 190-204页

作者： Dana M. BERGSTROM Eric J. WOEHLER andrew R. KLEKOCIUK Michael J. POOK robert A. MASSOM Australian Antarctic Division Department of the Environment and Energy 203 Channel Highway Kingston Tasmania 7050 Australia School of Zoology Private Bag 55 University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre Private Bag 80 University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia

The frequency and severity of extreme events associated with global change are both forecast to increase with a concomitant increase expected in perturbations and disruptions of fundamental processes at ecosystem, community and population scales, with potentially catastrophic consequences. Extreme events should thus be viewed as ecosystem drivers, rather than as short term deviations from a perceived ＇norm＇. To illustrate this, we examined the impacts associated with the extraordinary weather pattern of the austral spring/summer of 2001/2002, and find that patterns of ocean-atmosphere interactions appear linked to a suite of extreme events in Antarctica and more widely across the Southern Hemisphere. In the Antarctic, the extreme events appear related to particular ecological impacts, including the substantial reduction in breeding success of Ade1ie penguins at sites in the Antarctic Peninsula as well as for Adelie penguin and snow petrel colonies in East Antarctica, and the creation of new benthic habitats associated with the disintegration of the Larsen B Ice Shelf. Other major impacts occurred in marine and terrestrial ecosystems at temperate and tropical latitudes. The suite of impacts demonstrates that ecological consequences of extreme events are manifested at fundamental levels in ecosystem processes and produce long-term, persistent effects relative to the short-term durations of the events. Changes in the rates of primary productivity, species mortality, community structure and inter-specific interactions, and changes in trophodynamics were observed as a consequence of the conditions during the 2001/2002 summer. Lasting potential consequences include reaching or exceeding tipping points, trophic cascades and regime shifts.

关键词： Antarctica atmospheric pressure anomalies ecosystem processes and drivers tipping points trophiccascades regime shifts

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Inferring the Tree of Life of the order Cypriniformes, the earth＇s most diverse clade of freshwater fishes： Implications of varied taxon and character sampling

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植物分类学报 2008年第3期46卷 424-438页

作者： Richard L. MAYDEN Kevin L. TANG robert M. WOOD Wei-Jen CHEN Mary K. AGNEW Kevin W. CONWAY Lei YANG andrew M. SIMONS Henry L. BART Phillip M. HARRIS Junbing LI Xuzhen WANG Kenji SAITOH Shunping HE Huanzhang LIU Yiyu CHEN Mutstmi NISHIDA Masaki MIYA Department of Biology Saint Louis University St. Louis MO 63103 USA Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation Biology Bell Museum of Natural History University of Minnesota St. Paul MN 55108 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA Department of Biological Sciences The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA Laboratory ofFish Phylogenetics and Biogeography Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute Fisheries Research Agency Miyagi 985-0001 Japan Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo Tokyo 164-8639 Japan Department of Zoology Natural History Museum ＆ Institute Chiba 260-8682 Japan

The phylogenetic relationships of species are fundamental to any biological investigation, including all evolutionary studies. Accurate inferences of sister group relationships provide the researcher with an historical framework within which the attributes or geographic origin of species (or supraspecific groups) evolved. Taken out of this phylogenetic context, interpretations of evolutionary processes or origins, geographic distributions, or speciation rates and mechanisms, are subject to nothing less than a biological experiment without controls. Cypriniformes is the most diverse clade of freshwater fishes with estimates of diversity of nearly 3,500 species. These fishes display an amazing array of morphological, ecological, behavioral, and geographic diversity and offer a tremendous opportunity to enhance our understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors associated with diversification and adaptation to environments. Given the nearly global distribution of these fishes, they serve as an important model group for a plethora of biological investigations, including indicator species for future cli-matic changes. The occurrence of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, in this order makes this clade a critical component in understanding and predicting the relationship between mutagenesis and phenotypic expressions in vertebrates, including humans. With the tremendous diversity in Cypriniformes, our understanding of their phylogenetic relationships has not proceeded at an acceptable rate, despite a plethora of morphological and more recent mo-lecular studies. Most studies are pre-Hennigian in origin or include relatively small numbers of taxa. Given that analyses of small numbers of taxa for molecular characters can be compromised by peculiarities of long-branch attraction and nodal-density effect, it is critical that significant progress in our understanding of the relationships of these important fishes occurs with increasing sampling of species to mitigate these potential p

关键词：进化系统生命科学淡水鱼分类单元

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Macrophage TGF-β1 and the Proapoptotic Extracellular Matrix Protein BIGH3 Induce Renal Cell Apoptosis in Prediabetic and Diabetic Conditions

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2016年第7期7卷 496-510页

作者： robert J. Moritz Richard G. LeBaron Clyde F. Phelix Rajesha Rupaimoole Hong Seok Kim andrew Tsin Reto Asmis Department of Biology University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio USA Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory Sciences School of Health Professions University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio USA

Metabolically stressed kidney is in part characterized by infiltrating macrophages and macrophage-derived TGF-β1 that promote the synthesis of various ECM molecules. TGF-β1 strongly enhances the expression of the gene TGFBI that encodes a cell-adhesion class, proapoptotic ECM protein called BIGH3. We hypothesized that in a diabetic environment a relationship between infiltrating macrophages, macrophage-derived TGF-β1, and BIGH3 protein promotes renal cell death. To investigate this hypothesis, we used our mouse model of diabetic complications. Mice on a high-fat diet developed hypercholesterolemia, and exposure to streptozotocin rendered hypercholesterolemic mice diabetic. Immunohistochemical images show increased macrophage infiltration and BIGH3 protein in the kidney cortices of hypercholesterolemic and diabetic mice. Macrophages induced a two-fold increase in BIGH3 expression and an 86% increase in renal proximal tubule epithelial cell apoptosis. TGF-β1 antibody and TGF-β1 receptor chemical antagonist blocked macrophage-induced apoptosis. BIGH3 antibody completely blocked apoptosis that was induced by TGF-β1, and blocked apoptosis induced by exogenous recombinant BIGH3. These results uncover a distinctive interplay of macrophage-derived TGF-β1, BIGH3 protein, and apoptosis, and indicate that BIGH3 is central in a novel pathway that promotes diabetic nephropathy. Macrophage TGF-β1 and BIGH3 are identified as prediabetic biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets for intervention in prediabetic and diabetic individuals.

关键词： TGF BIGH3 Macrophages Diabetes Extracellular Matrix

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Non-interferometric photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 753-760页

作者： Parsin Hajireza Wei Shi Kevan Bell robert J Paproski Roger J Zemp Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2V4 Canada IllumiSonics Inc.5205-38A Ave.N.W.EdmontonAlbertaT6L 2J4Canada

Elasto-optical refractive index modulation due to photoacoustic initial pressure transients produced significant reflection of a probe beam when the absorbing interface had an appreciable refractive index *** effect was harnessed in a new form of non-contact optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy called photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy.A noninterferometric system architecture with a low-coherence probe beam precludes detection of surface oscillations and other phase-modulation *** probe beam was confocal with a scanned excitation beam to ensure detection of initial pressure-induced intensity reflections at the subsurface origin where pressures are *** studies confirmed signal dependence on optical absorption,index contrast and excitation *** vivo imaging of superficial microvasculature and melanoma tumors was demonstrated with~2.7±0.5μm lateral resolution.

关键词： all optical medical imaging optical resolution photoacoustic remote sensing

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PHOTOFAIRS SHANGHAI Asia's Largest Photo Festivat

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城市漫步（上海版、英文） 2016年第8期 12-13页

作者： andrew CHIN 不详

A new initiative will offer artists a pri・vate sales platform to show museum quality works,but even people who areift in the market for art will have plenty to *** works from iconic photographers robert Mapplethorpe,Daido Moriyama,Martin Pan;Herb Ritts,Hiroshi Yamazaki and Hiroyiiki Yamada will be *** new Platfbnn section is dedicated to galleries showing in Chia for the first time,including Hong Kong's The Empty Gallery presentation of Ainit Desai and Elipsis Projects(London,IstanbuFs)look at Alimet Ertimg.

关键词： plenty showing museum

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