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Evaluating Southern Appalachian Forest Dynamics without Eastern Hemlock: Consequences of Herbivory by the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

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Open Journal of Forestry 2014年第2期4卷 91-99页

作者： andrew G. Birt Yu Zeng Maria D. Tchakerian robert N. Coulson Charles W. Lafon David M. Cairns John Waldron Weimin Xi Szu-Hung Chen Douglas A. Street Department of Biological and Health Sciences Texas A&M University-Kingsville Kingsville USA Department of Environmental Studies University of West Florida Pensacola USA Department of Geography Texas A&M University College Station USA Knowledge Engineering Laboratory Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station USA Southern Research Station US Forest Service Alexandria Forestry Center Pineville USA

Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis Carriére) and the Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Engelmann) are ecologically important tree species in eastern North America forests that are currently threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae Annand, Hemiptera: Adelgidae). HWA has spread rapidly from its original introduction site into new areas. Once present, HWA kills its hosts over a period of 4 to 10 years leading to a phenomenon that is known scientifically and colloquially as hemlock decline. To date, quarantine, chemical management, and biocontrol efforts have failed to curb the spread of the HWA. As such, forest management efforts are now being redirected towards developing an understanding of the effects of hemlock removal on vegetation dynamics, changes in forest composition, and changes in ecosystem function. In this study, we parameterize a spatially explicit landscape simulation model LANDIS II for a specific forested region of the southern Appalachians. Parameterization involves defining the life-history attributes of 37 tree species occupying 11 ecological zones and is based on knowledge of: current vegetation composition data, recent historic management and fire regimes, and life-history traits of each species. The parameterized model is used to explore a simple scenario of catastrophic hemlock mortality likely to occur as a result of HWA herbivory. Our results emphasize that hemlock is an important foundation species. When hemlock is removed from the system, forest composition changes considerably with a greater presence of shade intolerant pine and oak species. Additionally, hemlock removal leads to a period of transient, relatively unstable vegetation dynamics as the forest communities restructure.

关键词： Hemlock Forest Dynamics LANDIS II Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Southern Appalachian

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Reimagining large river management using the Resist-Accept-Direct(RAD)framework in the Upper Mississippi River

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 645-664页

作者： Nicole K.Ward Abigail J.Lynch Erik A.Beever Joshua Booker Kristen L.Bouska Holly Embke Jeffrey N.Houser John F.Kocik Joshua Kocik David J.Lawrence Mary Grace Lemon Doug Limpinsel Madeline R.Magee Bryan M.Maitland Owen McKenna andrew Meier John M.Morton Jeffrey D.Muehlbauer robert Newman Devon C.Oliver Heidi M.Rantala Greg G.Sass Aaron Shultz Laura M.Thompson Jennifer L.Wilkening Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Lake CityMN 55041USA U.S.Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science CenterRestonVA 22041USA U.S.Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science CenterBozemanMT 59715USA Department of Ecology Montana State UniversityBozemanMT 59715USA U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge SystemOak HarborOH 43449USA U.S.Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences CenterLa CrosseWI 54603USA U.S.Geological Survey Midwest Climate Adaptation Science CenterSt.PaulMN 55108USA NOAA NEFSC OronoME 04473USA University of Nebraska-Lincoln LincolnNE 68503USA National Park Service Climate Change Response ProgramFort CollinsCO 80525USA U.S.Fish and Wild-life Service National Wildlife Refuge SystemBloomingtonMN 55437USA Habitat Conservation Division NOAAAlaska RegionAnchorageAK 99513USA Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources MadisonWI 53703USA Aquatic Sciences Center Center for LimnologyUW-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA U.S.Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center and Midwest Climate Adaptation Science CenterJamestownND 58401USA U.S.Army Corps of Engineers La CrescentMN 55947USA Alaska Wildlife Alliance AnchorageAK 99520USA U.S.Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAK 99775USA University of North Dakota Grand ForksND 58202USA Minnesota Department of Natural Resources DuluthMN 55804USA Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Boulder JunctionWI 54512USA Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission(GLIFWC) OdanahWI 54861USA U.S.Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Centerand School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge SystemFort CollinsCO 80526USA

Background Large-river decision-makers are charged with maintaining diverse ecosystem services through unprec-edented social-ecological transformations as climate change and other global stressors *** interconnected,dendritic habitats of rivers,which often demarcate jurisdictional boundaries,generate complex management ***,we explore how the Resist–Accept–Direct(RAD)framework may enhance large-river management by promoting coordinated and deliberate responses to social-ecological trajectories of *** RAD frame-work identifies the full decision space of potential management approaches,wherein managers may resist change to maintain historical conditions,accept change toward different conditions,or direct change to a specified future with novel *** the Upper Mississippi River System,managers are facing social-ecological transformations from more frequent and extreme high-water *** illustrate how RAD-informed basin-,reach-,and site-scale decisions could:(1)provide cross-spatial scale framing;(2)open the entire decision space of potential management approaches;and(3)enhance coordinated inter-jurisdictional management in response to the trajectory of the Upper Mississippi River *** The RAD framework helps identify plausible long-term trajectories in different reaches(or subbasins)of the river and how the associated social-ecological transformations could be managed by altering site-scale *** reach-scale objectives may reprioritize how,where,and when site conditions could be altered to contribute to the basin goal,given the basin’s plausible trajectories of change(e.g.,by coordinating action across sites to alter habitat connectivity,diversity,and redundancy in the river mosaic).Conclusions When faced with long-term systemic transformations(e.g.,>50 years),the RAD framework helps explicitly consider whether or when the basin vision or goals may no longer be achievable,and direct options may open y

关键词： Ecosystem Management Transformation Social-ecological system Anthropocene Climate change Basin planning Cross-scale interactions

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STROMAL BIOASSEMBLY DURING AVIAN CORNEAL MORPHOGENESIS:SOME SIMILARITIES WITH THE ADULT WOUND HEALING SITUATION

STROMAL BIOASSEMBLY DURING AVIAN CORNEAL MORPHOGENESIS:SOME ...

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第十八届国际眼科研究大会

作者： andrew.Quantock Barbara.Palka Melody.Liles robert.Young James.Doutch Bruce.Caterson James.Ralphs Clare.Gealy Keith.Meek Structural Biophysics Group School of Optometry and Vision SciencesCardiff UniversityWalesU.K.

＜正＞It has been postulated that healing processes in the corneal stroma recapitulate,to some extent,some events of tissue embryogenesis,especially in regards to changes in the nature of the keratan sulphate（KS）pro...

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Association between calcium sensing receptor gene polymorphisms and chronic pancreatitis in a US population:Role of serine protease inhibitor Kazal 1type and alcohol

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第28期14卷 4486-4491页

作者： Venkata Muddana Janette Lamb Julia B Greer Beth Elinoff robert H Hawes Peter B Cotton Michelle A Anderson Randall E Brand Adam Slivka David C Whitcomb Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh PA 15213United States Digestive Disorder Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston SC 29403United States Department of Medicine University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn Arbor MI 48109United States Department of medicine Northwestern Universityand Currently at University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh PA 15213United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh PA 15213United States Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh PA 15213United States

AIM： To test the hypothesis that calcium sensing receptor （CASR） polymorphisms are associated with chronic pancreatitis （CP）, and to determine whether serine protease inhibitor Kazal 1type （SPINK1） N34S or alcohol are necessary co-factors in its etiology. METHODS： Initially, 115 subjects with pancreatitis and 66 controls were evaluated, of whom 57 patients and 21 controls were predetermined to carry the high-risk SPINK1 N34S polymorphism. We sequenced CASR gene exons 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, areas containing the majority of reported polymorphisms and novel mutations. Based on the initial results, we added 223 patients and 239 controls to analyze three common nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in exon 7 （A986S, R990G, and Q1011E）. RESULTS： The CASR exon 7 R990G polyrnorphism was significantly associated with CP （OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.12-3.59; P = 0.015）. The association between CASR R990G and CP was stronger in subjects who reported moderate or heavy alcohol consumption （OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.14-9.13; P = 0.018）. There was no association between the various CASR genotypes and SPINK1 N34S in pancreatitis. None of the novel CASR polymorphisms reported from Germany and India was detected. CONCLUSION： Our United States-based study confirmed an association of CASR and CP and for the first time demonstrated that CASR R990G is a significant risk factor for CP. We also conclude that the risk of CP with CASR R990G is increased in subjects with moderate to heavy alcohol consumption.

关键词： Calcium sensing receptor Serine protease inhibitor Kazal llype Chronic pancreatitis Alcohol

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Current Status and Future Challenges of Weather Radar Polarimetry: Bridging the Gap between Radar Meteorology/Hydrology/Engineering and Numerical Weather Prediction

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第6期36卷 571-588页

作者： Guifu ZHANG Vivek N.MAHALE Bryan J.PUTNAM Youcun QI Qing CAO andrew D.BYRD Petar BUKOVCIC Dusan S.ZRNIC Jidong GAO Ming XUE Youngsun JUNG Heather D.REEVES Pamela L.HEINSELMAN AlexANDer RYZHKOV robert D.PALMER Pengfei ZHANG Mark WEBER Greg M.MCFARQUHAR Berrien MOORE III Yan ZHANG Jian ZHANG J.VIVEKANANDAN Yasser AL-RASHID Richard L.ICE Daniel S.BERKOWITZ Chong-chi TONG Caleb FULTON Richard J.DOVIAK University of Oklahoma NOAA/National Weather Service Enterprise Electronics Corporation NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research Raytheon Company Radar Operations Center

After decades of research and development, the WSR-88 D(NEXRAD) network in the United States was upgraded with dual-polarization capability, providing polarimetric radar data(PRD) that have the potential to improve weather observations,quantification, forecasting, and warnings. The weather radar networks in China and other countries are also being upgraded with dual-polarization capability. Now, with radar polarimetry technology having matured, and PRD available both nationally and globally, it is important to understand the current status and future challenges and opportunities. The potential impact of PRD has been limited by their oftentimes subjective and empirical use. More importantly, the community has not begun to regularly derive from PRD the state parameters, such as water mixing ratios and number concentrations, used in numerical weather prediction(NWP) *** this review, we summarize the current status of weather radar polarimetry, discuss the issues and limitations of PRD usage, and explore potential approaches to more efficiently use PRD for quantitative precipitation estimation and forecasting based on statistical retrieval with physical constraints where prior information is used and observation error is included. This approach aligns the observation-based retrievals favored by the radar meteorology community with the model-based analysis of the NWP community. We also examine the challenges and opportunities of polarimetric phased array radar research and development for future weather observation.

关键词： weather radar polarimetry radar meteorology numerical weather prediction data assimilation microphysics parameterization forward operator

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Effect of age on aortic atherosclerosis

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2013年第2期10卷 135-140页

作者： Michael A. Chen Miwa Kawakubo Patrick M. Colletti Dongxiang Xu Laurie LaBree Dustin robert Detrano Stanley P Azen Nathan D. Wong Xue-Qiao Zhao Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology Harborview Medical Center/University of Washington 325 9th Avenue Box 359748 Seattle WA 98104 USA Department of Preventive Medicine Division of Biostatistics Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California 2001 N Soto Street SSB 201A M/C 9234 Los Angeles CA 90089-9237 USA Department of Radiology Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California1 1500 San Pablo Street Second Floor Imaging Los Angeles CA 90033 USA Department of Radiology University of Washington School of Medicine Box 357115 1959 Pacific Street RR-215 Seattle WA 98195-7117 USA Department of Radiological Sciences University of California Irvine School of Medicine 101 the City Drive South Route 140 Orange CA 92868 USA Department of Medicine UC Irvine School of Medicine 333 City Blvd. West Suite 400 Orange CA 92868-3298 USA

Objective To examine the association of atherosclerosis burden in the survivors of an asymptomatic elderly cohort study and its relationship to other coronary risk factors (specifically, age) by evaluating aortic atherosclerotic wall burden by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods A total of 312 participants in an ongoing observational cohort study underwent cardiac and descending thoracic aorta imaging by MRI. Maximum wall thickness was measured and the mean wall thickness ***/outer wall ratio was used as a normalized wall index (NWI) adjusted for artery size difference among participants. Percent wall volume (PWV) was calculated as NWI ×*** In this asymptomatic cohort (mean age: 76 years), the mean (SD) aortic wall area andwall thicknesswere 222 ±45 mm2 and 2.7 ±0.4 mm, respectively. Maximum wall thickness was 3.4 ±0.6 mm, and PWV was 32% ±4%. Women appeared to have smaller wall area,but after correcting for their smaller artery size, had significantly higher PWV than men (P = 0.03). Older age was associatedwith larger wall area (P = 0.04 for trend) with similar PWVs. However, there were no statistically significant associations between standard risk factors,Framingham global risk, or metabolic syndrome status, therapy for cholesterol or hypertension, coronary or aortic calcium score, and the aortic wall burden. Aortic calcificationwas associated with coronary calcification. Conclusions Asymptomatic elderly in this cohort had a greater descending thoracic aortic wall volume that correlated with age, andwomen had a significantly increased PWV compared to men. In these survivors, the atherosclerotic aortic wall burden was not significantly associated with traditional risk factors or with coronary or aortic calcium scores or coronary calcium progression. Results suggest that age, or as yet unidentified risk factor(s), may be responsible for the increase in atherosclerosis.

关键词： Aging Aortic atherosclerosis Atherosclerotic risk factors Magnetic resonance imaging

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Inferring the Tree of Life of the order Cypriniformes, the earth＇s most diverse clade of freshwater fishes： Implications of varied taxon and character sampling

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植物分类学报 2008年第3期46卷 424-438页

作者： Richard L. MAYDEN Kevin L. TANG robert M. WOOD Wei-Jen CHEN Mary K. AGNEW Kevin W. CONWAY Lei YANG andrew M. SIMONS Henry L. BART Phillip M. HARRIS Junbing LI Xuzhen WANG Kenji SAITOH Shunping HE Huanzhang LIU Yiyu CHEN Mutstmi NISHIDA Masaki MIYA Department of Biology Saint Louis University St. Louis MO 63103 USA Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation Biology Bell Museum of Natural History University of Minnesota St. Paul MN 55108 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA Department of Biological Sciences The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA Laboratory ofFish Phylogenetics and Biogeography Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute Fisheries Research Agency Miyagi 985-0001 Japan Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo Tokyo 164-8639 Japan Department of Zoology Natural History Museum ＆ Institute Chiba 260-8682 Japan

The phylogenetic relationships of species are fundamental to any biological investigation, including all evolutionary studies. Accurate inferences of sister group relationships provide the researcher with an historical framework within which the attributes or geographic origin of species (or supraspecific groups) evolved. Taken out of this phylogenetic context, interpretations of evolutionary processes or origins, geographic distributions, or speciation rates and mechanisms, are subject to nothing less than a biological experiment without controls. Cypriniformes is the most diverse clade of freshwater fishes with estimates of diversity of nearly 3,500 species. These fishes display an amazing array of morphological, ecological, behavioral, and geographic diversity and offer a tremendous opportunity to enhance our understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors associated with diversification and adaptation to environments. Given the nearly global distribution of these fishes, they serve as an important model group for a plethora of biological investigations, including indicator species for future cli-matic changes. The occurrence of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, in this order makes this clade a critical component in understanding and predicting the relationship between mutagenesis and phenotypic expressions in vertebrates, including humans. With the tremendous diversity in Cypriniformes, our understanding of their phylogenetic relationships has not proceeded at an acceptable rate, despite a plethora of morphological and more recent mo-lecular studies. Most studies are pre-Hennigian in origin or include relatively small numbers of taxa. Given that analyses of small numbers of taxa for molecular characters can be compromised by peculiarities of long-branch attraction and nodal-density effect, it is critical that significant progress in our understanding of the relationships of these important fishes occurs with increasing sampling of species to mitigate these potential p

关键词：进化系统生命科学淡水鱼分类单元

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银行和银行控股公司的监管

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金融法苑 2003年第8期 159-199页

作者： Daniel R.Fischel andrew M.Rosenfield robert S.Stillman 吴俐霖(译) 仲谋(译) 顾军锋(校) 芝加哥大学芝加哥大学法学院 Lexecon咨询公司对外经贸大学法学院北京大学法学院

美国银行业的监管由两个主要的部分构成,一是关于银行自身的监管,其中包括联邦存款保险体制、准入限制、分支机构的地理限制、

关键词：存款保险银行控股公司银行储蓄银行业务银行倒闭贷款人资产风险准入限制公司资产金融机构

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并行和分布式计算本科核心课程(英文)

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计算机教育 2012年第11期 76-89页

作者： Sushil K.Prasad Anshul Gupta Krishna Kant andrew Lumsdaine David Padua Yves robert Arnold Rosenberg Alan Sussman Charles Weems Georgia State University AtlantaGA 30302USA IBM T.J.Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY 10598USA Intel and George Mason University ArlingtonVA 22230USA Indiana University BloomingtonIN 47405USA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL 61801USA INRIA Lyon 69364France Northeastern University Colorado State University BostonMA 02115USA University of Maryland College ParkMD 20742USA University of Massachusetts AmherstMA 01003USA

The penetration of parallel and distributed computer（PDC） technology into the daily lives of users via their wireless networks,smartphones,social networking sites and more,has made it imperative that computer scientists and engineers provide rapidly changing,yet effective,efficient,and reliable technology to *** highlights the urgent need for imparting a broad-based skill set in PDC technology at various levels in the educational ***,the rapid changes in computing technology and advances in research challenge educators＇ abilities to know what to teach in any given *** stakeholders in the push to cope with fast-changing PDC technology,including employers,face similar challenges in identifying basic expertise.

关键词：计算机教育并行和分布式计算本科英文课程

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Radiofrequency electric-field heating behaviors of highly enriched semiconducting and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2015年第9期8卷 2859-2870页

作者： Stuart J. Corr Mustafa Raoof Brandon T. Cisneros Alvin W. Orbaek Matthew A. Cheney Justin J. Law Nadia C. Lara andrew R. Barron Lon J. Wilsor Steven A. Curley Division of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Department of Surgical Oncology University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA Department of Chemistry and the Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA Department of Surgery The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson AZ 85724 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA College of Engineering Swansea University Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP Wales UK Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA

It is theorized that enhanced thermal heating may result from exposing single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） embedded in a conductive host to radiofrequency （RF） electric fields. We examine the RF-induced （13.56 MHz） heating behaviors of 95% metallic- and semiconducting-enriched SWNTs （m-/s-SWNTs） suspended in aqueous solutions with varying NaC1 molarity （0.001 mM-1 M）. The heating effects were only evident for host molarities below 1 mM （equivalent to 0.1 S/m） at which the s-SWNT heating rates dominated those of the m-SWNTs. The heating effects were localized to aligned and aggregated ＂SWNT ropes＂ -1 cm in length that formed in suspension, parallel to the electric-field vector, during the RF exposure. For molarities above 1 mM, no enhancements were evident, owing to the large heating effects of the bulk ionic NaC1 suspensions, which were observed in previous studies. Although larger enhancement effects proportional to the host conductivity have been theoretically predicted for m-/s-SWNT suspensions, this was not observed most likely because of the aggregation and screening effects, which diminished the scattered electric field near the m-/s-SWNTs. Our research may further the development of better nanoparticle heating agents for applications such as non-invasive RF-induced cancer hyperthermia.

关键词： rad.iofrequency,carbon nanotubes,metallic,semiconducting,hyperthermia

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