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Phase-controlled propagation of surface plasmons

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 466-474页

作者： Basudeb Sain Roy Kaner Yehiam prior Department of Chemical Physics Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 76100Israel

Directional emission of electromagnetic radiation can be achieved using a properly shaped single antenna or a phased array of individual *** of the individual phases within an array enables scanning or other manipulations of the emission,and it is this property of phased arrays that makes them attractive in modern ***,the propagation of surface plasmons at the interface between metal films and dielectric materials can be determined by shaping the individual surface nanostructures or via the phase control of individual elements in an array of such ***,we demonstrate control of the propagation of surface plasmons within a linear array of *** generic situation of plasmonic surface propagation that is different on both sides of a metal film provides a unique opportunity for such control:plasmons propagating on the slower side feed into the side with the faster propagation,creating a phased array of interfering antennas and thus controlling the directionality of the wake *** further show that by shaping the individual nanoantennas,we can generate an asymmetric propagation geometry.

关键词： FDTD NSOM phased array plasmonic wakes surface plasmons

Exercise for stroke prevention

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第2期3卷 59-68页

作者： Peter L prior Neville Suskin Lawson Health Research Institution LondonOntarioCanada St.Josephs Health Care Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Program LondonOntarioCanada Department of Medicine(Cardiology) Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

We review evidence concerning exercise for stroke *** biological reasons suggest that exercise would be important in preventing *** definitive randomised controlled trials evaluating the impact of physical activity(PA)and exercise on preventing stroke and mortality are lacking,observational studies,small randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses have provided evidence that PA and exercise favourably modify stroke risk factors,including hypertension,dyslipidaemia,diabetes,sedentary lifestyle,obesity,excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco *** is,therefore,important to understand the factors associated with poststroke PA/exercise and cardiorespiratory *** associated factors include self-efficacy,social support and quality of patients’relationships with health *** associated factors include logistical barriers,medical comorbidities,stroke-related deficits,negative exercise beliefs,fear of falling,poststroke fatigue,arthropathy/pain and *** research is needed to specify efficacious behavioural approaches to increase poststroke *** techniques probably include physician endorsement of exercise programmesto patients,enhancement of patient-professional relationships,providing patients an exercise rationale,motivational interviewing,collaborative goal-setting with patients,addressing logistical concerns,social support in programsmes,structured exercise programming,individualised behavioural instruction,behavioural diary recording,reviewing behavioural consequences of exercise efforts,reinforcing successful exercise *** programming without counselling may increase short-term activity;simple advice or information-giving is probably *** patients or those with cognitive impairment may need increased structure,with emphasis on behaviour per se,versus self-regulation *** support the latest American Heart Association/American Stroke Associati

关键词： prevention behaviour programming

Teaching through social media

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Annals of Eye Science 2019年第1期4卷 115-125页

作者： Helena prior Filipe Heather Gwen Mack Hospital of the Armed Forces-EMGFA LisbonPortugal Hospital SAMS LisbonPortugal Department of Medical Education Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal Department of Surgery(Ophthalmology) University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Timely and widely available,social media(SM)platforms and tools offer new and exciting learning opportunities in medical *** scarce,we sought for a body of consistent evidence allowing us to substantially approach the concept of SM and how physicians as learners and medical educators can use SM based-education to benefit their clinical practice and their patients’*** correlate education theories with the progression of world-wide web phases and how this influences the process of teaching and *** mention some examples of SM tools already in use in healthcare *** advantages and effectiveness SM in medical education,as well as limitations of SM and pre-requisites for its use are *** concluding remarks underline the good practices in effectively utilizing SM in healthcare education.

关键词： Medical education continuing professional development(CPD) continuing medical education(CME) social media(SM) self-determined learning heutagogy

Methods for improving thermal tolerance in military personnel prior to deployment

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Military Medical Research 2021年第3期8卷 405-423页

作者： Edward Tom Ashworth James David Cotter andrew Edward Kilding Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand(SPRINZ) Auckland University of Technology17 Antares PlaceRosedaleAuckland 0632New Zealand School of Physical Education Sport and Exercise SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtago 9016New Zealand

Acute exposure to heat, such as that experienced by people arriving into a hotter or more humid environment, can compromise physical and cognitive performance as well as health. In military contexts heat stress is exacerbated by the combination of protective clothing, carried loads, and unique activity profiles, making them susceptible to heat illnesses. As the operational environment is dynamic and unpredictable, strategies to minimize the effects of heat should be planned and conducted prior to deployment. This review explores how heat acclimation(HA) prior to deployment may attenuate the effects of heat by initiating physiological and behavioural adaptations to more efficiently and effectively protect thermal homeostasis, thereby improving performance and reducing heat illness risk. HA usually requires access to heat chamber facilities and takes weeks to conduct, which can often make it impractical and infeasible, especially if there are other training requirements and expectations. Recent research in athletic populations has produced protocols that are more feasible and accessible by reducing the time taken to induce adaptations, as well as exploring new methods such as passive HA. These protocols use shorter HA periods or minimise additional training requirements respectively, while still invoking key physiological adaptations, such as lowered core temperature, reduced heart rate and increased sweat rate at a given intensity. For deployments of special units at short notice(< 1 day) it might be optimal to use heat re-acclimation to maintain an elevated baseline of heat tolerance for long periods in anticipation of such an event. Methods practical for military groups are yet to be fully understood, therefore further investigation into the effectiveness of HA methods is required to establish the most effective and feasible approach to implement them within military groups.

关键词： Heat acclimation Thermoregulation Heat illness Physiology Human Conditioning Military

Impact of Tillage and Fertilizer Application Method on Gas Emissions in a Corn Cropping System

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Pedosphere 2012年第5期22卷 604-615页

作者： K. SMITH D. WATTS T. WAY H. TORBERT S. prior Department of Math Science and Technology University of Minnesota Crookston Crookston MN 56716 (USA) USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory 411 S. Donahue Dr. Auburn AL 36832 (USA)

Tillage and fertilization practices used in row crop production are thought to alter greenhouse gas emissions from soil. This study was conducted to determine the impact of fertilizer sources, land management practices, and fertilizer placement methods on greenhouse gas （CO2, CH4, and N2O） emissions. A new prototype implement developed for applying poultry litter in subsurface bands in the soil was used in this study. The field site was located at the Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center in the Appalachian Plateau region of northeast Alabama, USA, on a Hartsells fine sandy loam （fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults）. Measurements of carbon dioxide （CO2）, methane （CH4）, and nitrous oxide （N20） emissions followed GRACEnet （greenhouse gas reduction through agricultural carbon enhancement network） protocols to assess the effects of different tillage （conventional vs. no-tillage） and fertilizer placement （subsurface banding vs. surface application） practices in a corn （Zea mays L.） cropping system. Fertilizer sources were urea-ammonium nitrate （UAN）, ammonium nitrate （AN） and poultry litter （M） applied at a rate of 170 kg ha^（-1） of available N. Banding of fertilizer resulted in the greatest concentration of gaseous loss （CO2 and N2O） compared to surface applications of fertilizer. Fertilizer banding increased CO2 and N2O loss on various sampling days throughout the season with poultry litter banding emitting more gas than UAN banding. Conventional tillage practices also resulted in a higher concentration of CO2 and N2O loss when evaluating tillage by sampling day. Throughout the course of this study, CH4 flux was not affected by tillage, fertilizer source, or fertilizer placement method. These results suggest that poultry litter use and banding practices have the potential to increase greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： conventional tillage global warming potential greenhouse gases no-tillage poultry litter

Analysis of an event study using the Fama–French five‑factor model:teaching approaches including spreadsheets and the R programming language

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 2042-2075页

作者： Monica Martinez‑Blasco Vanessa Serrano Francesc prior Jordi Cuadros IQS School of Management-Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 39008017 BarcelonaSpain IQS School of Engineering-Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 39008017 BarcelonaSpain

The current financial education framework has an increasing need to introduce tools that facilitate the application of theoretical models to real-world data and ***,only a limited number of free tools are available for this *** this lack of tools,the present study provides two approaches to facilitate the implementa-tion of an event *** first approach consists of a set of MS Excel files based on the Fama–French five-factor model,which allows the application of the event study methodology in a semi-automatic *** second approach is an open-source R-programmed tool through which results can be obtained in the context of an event study without the need for programming *** tool widens the calculus possibilities provided by the first approach and offers the option to apply not only the Fama–French five-factor model but also other models that are common in the finan-cial *** is a user-friendly tool that enables reproducibility of the analysis and ensures that the calculations are free of manipulation *** approaches are freely available and ready-to-use.

关键词： Event study Fama–French five-factor model Financial education Teaching innovation Spreadsheet R programming language

Making the case for the evolving role of social media in health professions education and a literature review on the application of some in ophthalmology

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Annals of Eye Science 2024年第2期9卷 1-11页

作者： Helena prior Filipe Mila Kostic Mildred Lopez Karl Golnik West Lisbon Hospitals Center Hospital Egas MonizLisbonPortugal Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research LisbonPortugal Continuing Education and Development in Health Professions RichboroPAUSA Coordinación de Educación en Salud Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social(IMSS)Mexico CityMexico Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixAZUSA Department of Ophthalmology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Background and Objective:Social media(SoMe)has emerged as a tool in health professions education(HPE),particularly amidst the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** the academia’s initial skepticism SoMe has been gaining traction in supporting learning communities,and offering opportunities for innovation in *** study aims to explore the integration of SoMe in *** key components were outlined as necessary for a successful integration,and include designing learning experiences,defining educator roles,selecting appropriate platforms,and establishing educational ***:This article stemmed from the online Teaching Skills Series module on SoMe in education from the Ophthalmology Foundation,and drew upon evidence supporting learning theories relevant to SoMe integration and models of ***,we conducted a literature review considering Englishlanguage articles on the application of SoMe in ophthalmology from PubMed over the past *** Content and Findings:Early adopters of SoMe platforms in HPE have leveraged these tools to enhance learning experiences through interaction,dialogue,content sharing,and active learning *** integrating SoMe into educational programs,both online and in-person,educators can overcome time and geographical constraints,fostering more diverse and inclusive learning *** consideration is,however,necessary to address potential limitations within ***:This article lays groundwork for expanding SoMe integration in HPE design,emphasizing the supportive scaffold of various learning theories,and the need of furthering robust research on examining its advantages over traditional educational *** literature review underscores an ongoing multifaceted,random application of SoMe platforms in ophthalmology *** advocate for an effective incorporation of SoMe in HPE education,with the need to comply with good educational practice.

关键词： Social media(SoMe) health professions education(HPE) active learning social learning technology enhanced learning

Supramolecular Self-assembly Formed from Cucurbit[8]uril and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2023年第6期39卷 1058-1063页

作者： WANG Chenghui YU Zhichao BAI Qinghong PAN Dingwu prior Timothy J TAO Zhu REDSHAW Carl XIAO Xin Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025P.R.China Chemistry School of Natural SciencesUniversity of HullHull HU67RXUK

The binding behavior of cucurbit[8]uril(Q[8])and p-hydroxybenzoic acid(p-HBA)has been investigated using ^(1)H NMR titration experiments,UV-Vis absorption,isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC),and X-ray *** revealed that the Q[8]can accommodate two p-HBA molecules to form a 1:2 host-guest inclusion complex in solution,namely(p-HBA)2@Q[8].From a poorly scattering crystal,we were able to identify two symmetry unique Q[8]rings,but with different p-HBA *** structure can be represented as Q[8]+1.5 p-HBA,which gives Q[8]@(p-HBA)2∙Q[8]@p-HBA as the structural *** supramolecular structure was screened for its ability to capture *** experimental results showed that the adsorption efficiency of the supramolecular organic framework material for iodine capture was 43.8%,with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 223.3 mg/g.

关键词： Supramolecular self-assembly Cucurbituril p-Hydroxybenzoic acid

Continuing professional development:progress beyond continuing medical education

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Annals of Eye Science 2017年第1期2卷 233-242页

作者： Helena prior Filipe Heather Gwen Mack Karl C.Golnik Hospital of the Armed Forces-PL-EMGFA LisbonPortugal International Council of Ophthalmology San FranciscoCAUSA University of Melbourne VictoriaAustralia University of Cincinnati OHUSA

Continuing medical education(CME)is rapidly evolving into competency-based continuing professional development(CPD)and this is driving change in self-directed CPD programs undertaken by individual practitioners as well as CPD programs or frameworks offered by CPD *** progression is being led by many factors including the rapid change in medical knowledge and medical practitioners along with changes in patients and society,healthcare systems,regulators and the political *** describe our experiences primarily concerning low-resource environments,in creating the International Council of Ophthalmology(ICO)Guide to Effective CPD/CME and in developing a CPD program for the Cambodian Ophthalmological Society(COS)twinned with the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists(RANZCO).At the conclusion of the project,47(100%)Cambodian practicing ophthalmologists were registered in the CPD program and 21(45%)were actively participating in the online COS-CPD program *** discuss challenges in CPD,propose solutions to overcome them and recommend developing research in CPD as needed to effectively enhance educational activities with impact in public health.

关键词： Continuing medical education continuing professional development competency life-long learning personal learning plan