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Qualitative and quantitative ATR-FTIR analysis and its application to coal char of different ranks

燃料化学学报 2015年第2期43卷 129-137页

作者： andrew O.odeh Coal Research Group Unit of Energy SystemsSchool of Chemical and Minerals EngineeringNorth-West UniversityPotchefstroom Campus

This paper analyzes the coal to char stages of char formation of six coals of different ranks by using Fourier transform infrared coupled w ith attenuated total reflectance(ATR-FTIR).The chars w ere obtained by coal pyrolysis carried out at temperature range of 450~700℃.The data obtained show s the pragmatic disappearance of the aliphatic hydrogen content w ith increasing char formation *** evaluation of the spectra enabled the determination of aromaticity,*** aromaticity w as found to be betw een 0.66~0.79 for lignite,0.75~0.90 for sub-bituminous,0.84~1.00 for low volatile bituminous,0.83~1.00 for high volatile bituminous,0.94~1.00 for semi-anthracite,and 0.97~1.00 for anthracite *** increasing rank of coal samples,spectra exhibit rising aromaticity and enhanced condensation of aromatic rings,w hereas the aliphatic chain lengths decrease.

关键词： qualitative quantitative FT-IR coal char

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Spectroscopic Elucidation of the Links between Char Morphology and Chemical Structure of Coals of Different Ranks

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2016年第4期6卷 379-398页

作者： andrew O. odeh Coal Research Group Unit of Energy Systems School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering North-West University Potchefstroom Campus Potchefstroom South Africa

In this investigation, SAXS and XRD were used to investigate both the physical and chemical changes in six coals of different ranks subjected to heat treatment. The specific surface area which gives an indication of the reactivity of the coal (measures surface area available for reaction) was determined to be in the range of 70.04 - 260.40 m2/cm3 particle volume for lignite from 450°C - 700°C. The specific surface area was determined to be in the range of 51.58 - 239.00 m2/cm3 particle volume for sub-bituminous;440.60 - 241.70 m2/cm3 particle volume for light volatile bituminous;452.71 - 247.73 m2/cm3 particle volume for high volatile bituminous;349.11 - 347.52 m2/cm3 particle volume for semi-anthracite and 333.60 - 125.34 m2/cm3 particle volume for anthracite respectively. On the other hand, the aromaticity was determined in the range of 0.66 - 0.76 for lignite;0.67 to 0.80 for sub-bituminous;0.91 - 0.97 for light volatile bituminous;0.93 - 0.99 for high volatile bituminous;0.96 - 1.00 for semi-anthracite and 0.96 to 0.99 for anthracite respectively. The porosity, pore size distribution associated with SAXS and the other crystallite parameters identified with XRD were also determined. Links between the physical and chemical parameters were established.

关键词： Coal Char Char Morphology Chemical Structure XRD SAXS

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Effect of Cassava Starch and Sodium Carbonate on the Properties of Local Drilling Mud: Beneficiation to Improve the Rheological and Flow Properties of Locally Formulated Mud

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2022年第1期12卷 13-25页

作者： andrew odeh Redemption Edegbe Eghe Oyedoh Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Benin Benin Nigeria

Drilling mud is a key component in drilling operations and in accessing oil and gas reservoirs. Bentonite is applied as a viscosifier, fluid loss control agent, and as a weighting material in water-based drilling mud. The type of bentonite used in drilling mud formulation is sodium bentonite due to its high dispersion properties and high swelling capacity. Nigeria has a huge bentonite clay deposit resources which can be evaluated and enhanced in order to be utilized as drilling mud. However, bentonite clay from different parts of Nigeria was investigated and found to be calcium bentonite which is not suitable for drilling mud, because it has low swelling capacity and poor rheological properties. In this study, local bentonite obtained from Afuze, Edo state was used to formulate different samples of drilling mud with each treated using thermo-chemical beneficiation process with sodium carbonate and cassava starch, and then undergo characterization to identify the changes in physical properties and finally, draw comparison with API values for standard drilling mud. The results obtained from this study indicates that, the flow and rheological properties of the beneficiated drilling mud developed through thermo-chemical treatment, showed significant improvement compared to the untreated mud. Therefore, pure calcium bentonite from natural deposits in Nigeria can be modified to sodium bentonite and sufficiently used in drilling mud formulation.

关键词： Drilling Mud Bentonite Clay Beneficiation Cassava Starch Rheological Properties Characterization Oil and Gas Reservoir

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