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A deep convolutional neural network for real-time full profile analysis of big powder diffraction data

npj Computational materials 2021年第1期7卷 671-679页

作者： Hongyang Dong Keith T.Butler Dorota matras Stephen W.T.Price Yaroslav Odarchenko Rahul Khatry andrew Thompson Vesna middelkoop Simon D.m.jacques andrew m.Beale Antonis Vamvakeros Department of Chemistry University College London20 Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AJUnited Kingdom ScimL Scientific Computer DivisionSTFCRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell OX110QXUnited Kingdom Finden Limited Merchant House5 East St Helens StreetAbingdon OX145EGUnited Kingdom National Physical Laboratory Hampton RoadTeddington TW110LWUnited Kingdom Flemish Institute for Technological Research VITO NVBoeretang 200Mol 2400Belgium Research Complex at Harwell Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX110FA OxfordshireUnited Kingdom Present address:Diamond Light Source Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOxfordshire OX110DEUnited Kingdom Present address:The Faraday Institution Quad OneHarwell Science and Innovation CampusOX110RA OxfordshireUnited Kingdom

We present Parameter Quantification Network(PQ-Net),a regression deep convolutional neural network providing quantitative analysis of powder X-ray diffraction patterns from multi-phase *** network is tested against simulated and experimental datasets of increasing complexity with the last one being an X-ray diffraction computed tomography dataset of a multi-phase Ni-Pd/CeO_(2)-ZrO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) catalytic material system consisting of ca.20,000 diffraction *** is shown that the network predicts accurate scale factor,lattice parameter and crystallite size maps for all phases,which are comparable to those obtained through full profile analysis using the Rietveld method,also providing a reliable uncertainty measure on the *** main advantage of PQNet is its ability to yield these results orders of magnitude faster showing its potential as a tool for real-time diffraction data analysis during in situ/operando experiments.

关键词： network powder analysis

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Characterization of meso-scale mechanical properties of Longmaxi shale using grid microindentation experiments

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journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第3期13卷 555-567页

作者： jianting Du andrew j.Whittle Liming Hu Thibaut Divoux jay N.meegoda State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA multiScale material Science for Energy and Environment UMI 3466CNRS-MITCambridgeMA02139USA Univ Lyon Ens de LyonUniv Claude BernardCNRSLaboratoire de PhysiqueLyonF-69342France Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ07102USA

mechanical properties,such as the hardness H,Young’s modulus E,creep modulus C,and fracture toughness Kc,are essential parameters in the design of hydraulic fracturing systems for prospective shale gas *** this study,a practical methodology is presented for obtaining these properties through microindentation experiments combined with quantitative observations of the mineralogical phases using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEm)with backscattered electron(BSE)imaging,and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)*** apply this method in the case of three types of Longmaxi shales with different mineralogies(***-,clay-,and quartz-rich,respectively),which allows us to determine the characteristic indentation depth,hc?8e10 mm,beyond which the mechanical response of the carbonate-rich shale is homogeneous and independent of its complex heterogeneous ***,exploiting the results of a large number of indentation tests,we demonstrate that the indentation modulus m of the shale increases as a power-law of hardness H,and its creep modulus C increases linearly with *** also compute the fracture toughness Kc from the indentation data by assuming a perfectly plastic behavior of the *** results are in good agreement with independent measurements of Kc determined by microscratch ***,further tests on quartz-and clay-rich samples of the Longmaxi shale suggest further variations in the samples’mechanical properties depending on their burial conditions and the mechanical properties of their dominant mineral phases.

关键词： Grid microindentation mineral identification Hardness modulus Creep Fracture toughness

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Prediction of spatial heterogeneity in nutrient-limited sub-tropical maize yield:Implications for precision management in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains

Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2024年第3期13卷 100-116页

作者： Zia Uddin Ahmed Timothy j.Krupnik jagadish Timsinab Saiful Islam Khaled Hossain A.S.m.Alanuzzaman Kurishi Shah-Al Emran m.Harun-Ar-Rashid andrew j.mcDonald mahesh K.Gathala University at Buffalo New YorkUSA International maize and Wheat Improvement Center Dhaka 1213Bangladesh Global Ever Greening Alliance 1 Vision DriveBurwood EastMelbourneAustralia Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA SAARC Agriculture Centre DhakaBangladesh Cornell University School of Integrative Plant Science Soil and Crop Sciences SectionNYUSA

Knowledge of the factors influencing nutrient-limited subtropical maize yield and subsequent prediction is crucial for effective nutrientmanagement,maximizing profitability,ensuring food security,and promoting environmental *** data fromnutrient omission plot trials(NOPTs)conducted in 324 farmers'fields across ten agroecological zones(AEZs)in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains(EIGP)of Bangladesh to explain maize yield variability and identify variables controlling nutrient-limited *** additive main effect and multiplicative interaction(AmmI)model was used to explain maize yield variability with nutrient *** machine learning(mL)algorithms in automatic machine learning(AutomL)frameworks were subsequently used to predict attainable yield relative nutrient-limited yield(RY)and to rank variables that control *** stack-ensemble model was identified as the best-performing model for predicting RYs of N,P,and *** contrast,deep learning outperformed all base learners for predicting *** best model's square errors(RmSEs)were 0.122,0.105,0.123,and 0.104 for RY_(N),RY_(P),RY_(K),and RY_(Zn),*** permutation-based feature importance technique identified soil pH as the most critical variable controlling RY_(N)and RY_(P).The RY_(K)showed lower in the eastern longitudinal *** N and Zn were associated with *** predicted median RY of N,P,K,and Zn,representing average soil fertility,was 0.51,0.84,0.87,and 0.97,accounting for 44,54,54,and 48%upland dry season crop area of Bangladesh,*** are needed to update databases cataloging variability in land type inundation classes,soil characteristics,and INS and combine them with farmers'crop management information to develop more precise nutrient guidelines for maize in the EIGP.

关键词： Relative yield Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AmmI) Quantile regression automL Stack-ensemble Partial dependency plots

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Independent effects of diet and exercise training on fat oxidation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World journal of Hepatology 2016年第27期8卷 1137-1148页

作者： Ilaria Croci Nuala m Byrne Veronique S Chachay andrew P Hills andrew D Clouston Trisha m O'moore-Sullivan johannes B Prins Graeme A macdonald Ingrid j Hickman School of Human movement and Nutrition Sciences University of Queensland Translational Research Institute the University of Queensland Diamantina Institute Bond Institute of Health and Sport Bond University Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology School of Health Sciences University of Tasmania mater Research Institute University of Queensland School of medi-cine the University of Queensland Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Translational Research Institute Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Princess Alexandra Hospital

AIm To investigate the independent effects of 6-mo of dietary energy restriction or exercise training on wholebody and hepatic fat oxidation of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).mETHODS Participants were randomised into either circuit exercise training(EX;n = 13;3 h/wk without changes in dietary habits),or dietary energy restriction(ER) without changes in structured physical activity(ER;n = 8).Respiratory quotient(RQ) and whole-body fat oxidation rates(Fatox) were determined by indirect calorimetry under basal,insulin-stimulated and exercise *** of disease and steatosis was determined by liver histology;hepatic Fatox was estimated from plasma β-hydroxybutyrate ***;cardiorespiratory fitness was expressed as VO2 ***-case analysis was performed(EX:n = 10;ER:n = 6).RESULTS Hepatic steatosis and NAFLD activity score decreased with ER but not with EX.β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations increased significantly in response to ER(0.08 ± 0.02 mmol/L vs 0.12 ± 0.04 mmol/L,P = 0.03) but remained unchanged in response to EX(0.10 ± 0.03 mmol/L vs 0.11 ± 0.07 mmol/L,P = 0.39).Basal RQ decreased(P = 0.05) in *** EX,while this change was not significant after ER(P = 0.38).VO_(2peak)(P maximal Fa_(tox) during aerobic exercise(P = 0.03) improved with EX but not with ER(P > 0.05).The increase in β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations was correlated with the reduction in hepatic steatosis(r =-0.56,P = 0.04).CONCLUSION ER and EX lead to specific benefits on fat metabolism of patients with *** hepatic Fat_(ox) in response to ER could be one mechanism through which the ER group achieved reduction in steatosis.

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Steatosis Fat and carbohydrate oxidation Exercise Fitness Beta-hydroxybutyrate Ketone bodies Fatty acid oxidation

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Australian sugarcane soldier fly’s salivary gland transcriptome in response to starvation and feeding on sugarcane crops

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Insect Science 2020年第4期27卷 708-720页

作者： Kayvan Etebari Karel R.Lindsay andrew L.Ward michael j.Furlong School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Sugar Research Australia Te KowaiQLDAustralia Sugar Research Australia IndooroopillyQLDAustralia

The soldier fly is an endemic pest of sugarcane in *** numbers of larvae can cause significant damage to roots and reduce the crop *** is known about the composition and function of the soldier fly salivary gland,its secretions,and their roles in insect—plant *** this study,we performed transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of starved and sugarcane root-fed soldier fly larvae.A total of 31119 highly expressed assembled contigs were identified in the salivary glands and almost 50%of them showed high levels of similarity to known proteins in Nr *** all the obtained contigs,only 9727 sequences contain an open reading frame of over 100 amino *** 31%of contigs were predicted to encode secretory proteins,including some digestive and detoxifying enzymes and potential *** known salivary secreted peptides such as serine protease,cysteine proteinase inhibitors,antimicrobial peptides and venom proteins were among the top 100 highly expressed *** gene expression analysis revealed significant modulation of 850 transcripts in salivary glands upon exposure to plant roots or starvation ***,we identified some venom proteins which were significantly upregulated in the salivary glands of soldier fly larvae exposed to sugarcane *** other insects and nematodes some of these proteins have been used to manipulate host plant defense systems and facilitate the invasion of the host *** findings provide a further insight into the identification of potential effector proteins involved in soldier fly-sugarcane interactions.

关键词： Inopus salivary gland soldier fly sugarcane pest transcriptome

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The N-formyl peptide receptors: contemporary roles in neuronal function and dysfunction

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1191-1198页

作者： Peter j.G. Cussell margarita Gomez Escalada Nathaniel G.N. milton andrew W.j. Paterson Centre for Biomedical Science Research School of Clinical and Applied Sciences Leeds Beckett University

N-formyl peptide receptors(FPRs)were first identified upon phagocytic leukocytes,but more than four decades of research has unearthed a plethora of non-myeloid roles for this receptor *** are expressed within neuronal tissues and markedly in the central nervous system,where FPR interactions with endogenous ligands have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease,as well as neurological cancers such as *** the homeostatic function of FPRs in the nervous system is currently undefined,a variety of novel physiological roles for this receptor family in the neuronal context have been posited in both human and animal *** developments in recent years have implicated FPRs in the process of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation which,upon greater characterisation,could represent a novel pharmacological target for neuronal regeneration therapies that may be used in the treatment of brain/spinal cord injury,stroke and *** review aims to summarize the recent progress made to determine the physiological role of FPRs in a neuronal setting,and to put forward a case for FPRs as a novel pharmacological target for conditions of the nervous system,and for their potential to open the door to novel neuronal regeneration therapies.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease formyl peptide receptor neural regeneration neuroblastoma neurodegeneration neuroinflammation neuronal differentiation stroke

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National trends in total hip arthroplasty for traumatic hip fractures:An analysis of a nationwide all-payer database

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World journal of Orthopedics 2020年第1期11卷 18-26页

作者： Anthony j Boniello Alexander m Lieber Kevin Denehy Priscilla Cavanaugh Yehuda E Kerbel andrew Star Rothman Orthopaedic Institute Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19107United States Drexel University College of medicine PhiladelphiaPA 19123United States Bluegrass Orthopaedics LexingtonKY 40509United States Deparment of Orthopaedics Hospital of University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States

BACKGROUND Hemiarthroplasty(HA)has traditionally been the treatment of choice for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck *** treatment for younger,ambulatory patients is not as *** hip arthroplasty(THA)has been increasingly utilized in this population however the factors associated with undergoing HA or THA have not been fully *** To examine what patient characteristics are associated with undergoing THA or *** determine if outcomes differ between the *** We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS)for patients that underwent HA or THA for a femoral neck fracture between 2005 and *** NIS comprises a large representative sample of inpatient hospitalizations in the United *** Classifications of Disease,Ninth Edition(ICD-9)codes were used to identify patients in our *** variables,hospital characteristics,payer status,medical comorbidities and mortality rates were compared between the two *** logistic regression analysis was then performed to identify independent risk factors of treatment *** Of the total 502060 patients who were treated for femoral neck fracture,51568(10.3%)underwent THA and the incidence of THA rose from 8.3%to 13.7%.Private insurance accounted for a higher percentage of THA than *** increased most in urban teaching hospitals relative to urban non-teaching *** length of stay(LOS)was longer for *** mean charges were less for HA,however charges decreased steadily for both *** had a higher mortality rate,however,after adjusting for age and comorbidities HA was not an independent risk factor for ***,private insurance was an independent predictor for treatment with *** There has been an increase in the use of THA for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the United States,most notably in urban *** and THA are decreasing in total charges and LOS.

关键词： Hip fracture Total hip arthroplasty Hemiarthroplasty Cost Length of stay National Inpatient Sample

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multimodal alarm behavior in urban and rural gray squirrels studied by means of observation and a mechanical robot

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 313-326页

作者： Sarah R.PARTAN andrew G FULmER maya A.m.GOUNARD jake E.REDmOND Hampshire College School of Cognitive Science

Urbanization of animal habitats has the potential to affect the natural communication systems of any species able to survive in the changed environment. Urban animals such as squirrels use multiple signal channels to communicate, but it is un- known how ttrbanization has affected these behaviors. multimodal commtmication, involving more than one sensory modality, can be studied by use of biomimetic mechanical animal models that are designed to simulate the multimodal signals and be pre- sented to animal subjects in the field. In this way the responses to the various signal components can be compared and contrasted to determine whether the multimodal signal is made up of redundant or nonredundant components. In this study, we presented wild gray squirrels in relatively urban and relatively rural habitats in Western massachusetts with a biomimetic squirrel model that produced tail flags and alarm barks in a variety of combinations. We found that the squirrels responded to each unimodal component on its own, the bark and tail flag, but they responded most to the complete multimodal signal, containing both the acoustic and the moving visual components, providing evidence that in this context the signal components are redundant and that their combination elicits multimodal enhancement. We expanded on the results of Partan et al. （2009） by providing data on sig- naling behavior in the presence and absence of conspecifics, suggesting that alarm signaling is more likely if conspecifics are present. We found that the squirrels were more active in the urban habitats and that they responded more to tail flagging in the urban habitats as compared to the rural ones, suggesting the interesting possibility of a multimodal shift from reliance on audio to visual signals in noisier more crowded urban habitats [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 313-326, 2010].

关键词： Alarm behavior Communication Gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis multisensory signaling Redundancy Urbanization Ethorobotics

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Effects of different organic fertilizers on nitrous oxide and methane emissions from double-cropping rice fields

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 52-62页

作者： mingcheng HU andrew j.WADE Weishou SHEN Zhenfang ZHONG Chongwen QIU Xiangui LIN jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of ReadingReading RG66 DWUK Haina Research Institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Rice fields are a major source of greenhouse gases,such as nitrous oxide (N_(2)O) and methane (CH_(4)).Organic fertilizers may potentially replace inorganic fertilizers to meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth;however,the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O and CH_(4)emissions and crop yield in paddy fields remain poorly understood and *** this study,experimental plots were established in conventional double-cropping paddy fields in the Pearl River Delta,China,including an unfertilized control and five fertilizer treatments with fresh organic fertilizer (FOF),successively composted organic fertilizer (SOF),chemically composted organic fertilizer (COF),COF supplemented with inorganic fertilizer (COIF),and chemical fertilizers (CFs)(TFOF,TSOF,TCOF,TCOIF,and TCF,respectively).Paddy field soils behaved simultaneously as an N_(2)O sink (cumulative N_(2)O emission:-196 to-381 g N ha^(-1)) and as a CH_(4)source (cumulative CH_(4)emission:719 to 2 178 kg ha^(-1)).Compared to CFs,the effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O emission were not *** contrast,total annual CH_(4)emission increased by 157%,132%,125%,and 37%in TFOF,TCOF,TSOF,and TCOIF,respectively,compared to *** TCOIF,rice yield was maintained,while CH_(4)emission was not significantly increased from the paddy fields characterized by a prolonged flood *** important next step is to extend these field-based measurements to larger rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional and national-scale impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and to help determine the optimum practice for fertilizer use.

关键词： crop production global warming potential greenhouse gases manure paddy sustainable agriculture

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Cholecystocolocutaneous fistula: a case report

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2006年第3期5卷 462-464页

作者： Badrl m.Shrestha andrew Wyman Northern General Hospital Herries Road SheffieldS5 7AUUK

BACKGROUND: Cholecystocolocutaneous fistula (CCCF) is a rare complication of gallstone disease resulting from spillage of gallstones from perforation of an empyema of the gallbladder, which can pose diagnostic dilemmas. We describe a patient, who presented initially with a swelling followed by discharging sinuses on her right flank where a diagnosis of CCCF was made and was treated surgically with satisfactory outcome. mETHODS: A computed tomography (CT) scan showed an ill-defined soft tissue mass in the right subhepatic space and a fistulogram demonstrated passage of contrast into the gallbladder fossa and hepatic flexure of colon. At laparotomy,a cutaneous fistula containing two pigment stones led to the gallbladder fossa and hepatic flexure of colon. RESULTS: Debridement of infected granulation tissues which had replaced the gallbladder, closure of the cystic duct stump and colonic fistula followed by excision of the fistula tract led to complete resolution. CONCLUSIONS: CCCF is a rare complication of perforated gallbladder with spillage of calculi, and a fistulogram is helpful in establishing the diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of retrieving spilled stones following interventions in the gallbladder to prevent the complication.

关键词： cholecystocolocutaneous fistula gallstones fistulogram

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