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Targeted protein delivery:carbodiimide crosslinking influences protein release from microparticles incorporated within collagen scaffolds

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2019年第5期6卷 279-287页

作者： Constantin Edi Tanase Omar Qutachi Lisa j.White Kevin m.Shakesheff andrew W.mcCaskie Serena m.Best Ruth E.Cameron Department of materials Science and metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridge Centre for Medical MaterialsCambridge27Charles Babbage RoadCB30FSUK Centre for Biomolecular Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK Division of Trauma&Orthopaedic Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of CambridgeBox 180Addenbrooke’s HospitalHills RoadCambridge CB20QQUK Present address:School of Pharmacy De Montforte UniversityLeicester LE19BHUK

Tissue engineering response may be tailored via controlled,sustained release of active agents from protein-loaded degradable microparticles incorporated directly within three-dimensional(3D)ice-templated collagen ***,the effects of covalent crosslinking during scaffold preparation on the availability and release of protein from the incorporated microparticles have not been ***,we load 3D ice-templated collagen scaffolds with controlled additions of poly-(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)*** probe the effects of subsequent N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N0-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride crosslinking on protein release,using microparticles with different internal protein *** isothiocyanate labelled bovine serum albumin is used as a model protein *** scaffolds display a homogeneous microparticle distribution,and a reduction in pore size and percolation diameter with increased microparticle addition,although these values did not fall below those reported as necessary for cell *** protein distribution within the microparticles,near the surface or more deeply located within the microparticles,was important in determining the release profile and effect of crosslinking,as the surface was affected by the carbodiimide crosslinking reaction applied to the *** of microparticles with a high proportion of protein at the surface caused both a reduction and delay in protein *** located within the bulk of the microparticles,was protected from the crosslinking reaction and no delay in the overall release profile was seen.

关键词： collagen scaffolds PLGA microparticles FITC-BSA EDC crosslinking pore size percolation diameter

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Linking tree growth rate, damage repair, and susceptibility to a genus-specific pest infestation

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journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1935-1941页

作者： Kayla N.Boyes Kathryn G.Hietala-Henschell Alexander P.Barton andrew j.Storer jordan m.marshall Department of Biology Purdue University Fort WayneFort WayneIN 46805USA School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA

Pest preference and subsequent susceptibility of a host individual is likely related to previous growth patterns in that *** ash borer(Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)is a pestiferous beetle introduced to North America from *** all species of ash are susceptible to attack,some individual trees appear to survive *** selected ash trees in southeastern michigan,collected cores and categorized trees as high tolerance to emerald ash borer attack(high overall health,low crown dieback),low tolerance(low overall health,high crown dieback)and intermediate tolerance(in-between the other categories).We artificially wounded trees and measured wound closure after 3 *** width indices were not correlated between high and low tolerance *** slopes comparing growth and years were significantly different between the three tolerance categories,with high tolerance trees having the steepest *** closure was greatest in high tolerance *** tolerance trees demonstrating more rapid(steeper regression slope),consistent(lower variance),and effective(greater wound closure)*** vigorously growing trees likely had more capacity to repair damage caused by emerald ash borer,leading to healthier trees in our *** previous host growth patterns to health may have implications related to identifying individual trees potentially tolerant to attack.

关键词： Agrilus Ash Dendrochronology Emerald ash borer Fraxinus Invasive species

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Transcriptional Regulation of Secondary Growth and Wood Formation

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第1期52卷 17-27页

作者： andrew Groover Institute of Forest Genetics US Forest Service

Secondary growth and wood formation are products of the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem. Although the mechanisms have only recently begun to be uncovered, transcriptional regulation appears increasingly central to the regulation of secondary growth. The importance of transcriptional regulation is illustrated by the correlation of expression of specific classes of genes with related biological processes occurring at specific stages of secondary growth, including cell division, cell expansion, and cell differentiation. At the same time, transcription factors have been characterized that affect specific aspects of secondary growth, including regulation of the cambium and differentiation of cambial daughter cells. In the present review, we summarize evidence pointing to transcription as a major mechanism for regulation of secondary growth, and outline future approaches for comprehensively describing transcriptional networks underlying secondary growth.

关键词： gene Transcriptional Regulation of Secondary Growth and Wood Formation

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Growth factor receptor trafficking as a potential therapeutic target in pediatric cancer

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： Peter E. ZAGE andrew j. BEAN Department of Pediatrics Section of Hematology-Oncology 1102 Bates Suite 1220 Houston TX 77030 USA Texas Children＇s Cancer and Hematology Centers Houston TX 77030 USA Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA Division of Pediatrics The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA

Growth factor receptors （GFRs） are often aberrantly expressed in tumor cells, and altered GFR expressionand activity contribute to the pathogenesis of many types of cancer. A variety of mechanisms have been identified that result in enhanced GFR expression and activity in cancer cells. Defects in the pathways responsible for GFR internalization and intraceilular trafficking are likely to be involved in altered GFR expression in a variety of cancers. The roles of GFR trafficking pathways in the regulation of GFR expression, in the pathogenesis of tumors, and in the response of tumors to treatment have not been fully delineated, but the likely contributions of GFR signaling to the development and progression of various malignancies suggest that therapies that modify GFR trafficking may be effective as anticancer treatments. The intraceHular trafficking of GFRs is regulated by a number of protein complexes and by protein ubiquitination. many of the proteins required for this trafficking are products of tumor suppressor genes, and the expression and function of the protein machinery utilized for intracellular trafficking is frequently altered in tumor cells, consistent with the likely role of GFR trafficking in tumorigenesis. many of the proteins involved in GFR trafficking have been identified as potential targets for anticancer treatment, and novel treatments directed against these targets are currently in preclinical development and in clinical trials. Ubiquitin ligases are critical for GFR trafficking and represent potentially important targets for the development of novel therapies. The genes for the ubiquitin ligases c-Cbl and UBE4B are located in chromosome regions commonly altered in a variety of tumors and therefore are likely to be important for tumorigenesis, c-Cbl nbiquitinates a number of GFRs and directs them for degradation. mutations in c-Cbl have been identified in cases of myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia, providing a link between GFR ubiquitinatio

关键词： growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase trafficking UBE4B neuroblastoma

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Plant-frugivore interactions in an intact tropical forest in north-east Thailand

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 195-212页

作者： Wangworn SANKAmETHAWEE andrew j.PIERCE George A.GALE Britta Denise HARDESTY Conservation Ecology Program School of Bioresources and TechnologyKing Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkok Thailand Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute Mahasarakham UniversityMahasarakhamThailand CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences AthertonQueenslandAustralia

Fleshy-fruited plants in tropical forests largely rely on vertebrate frugivores to disperse their *** this plant-animal interaction is typically considered a diffuse mutualism,it is fundamental as it provides the template on which tropical forest communities are *** applied a mutualistic network approach to investigate the relationship between small-fruited fleshy plant species and the fruit-eating bird community in an intact evergreen forest in north-east Thailand.A minimum of 53 bird species consumed fruits of 136 plant ***-avian frugivore networks were highly asymmetrical,with observed networks filling 30%of all potential *** some of the missing links in the present study might be due to undersampling,forbidden links can be attributed to size constraints,accessibility and phenological uncoupling,and although the majority of missing links were unknown(58.2%),many were probably due to a given bird species being either rare or only a very occasional fruit *** most common frugivores were bulbuls,barbets and fairy-bluebirds,which were responsible for the majority of fruit removal from small fleshy fruited species in our *** birds seemed to be a minor component of the plant-frugivore networks,accounting for only 3%of feeding visits to fruiting trees;they filled 2%of the overall potential *** majority of interactions were generalized unspecific;however,Saurauia roxburghii *** to be dependent on flowerpeckers for dispersal,while Thick-billed Pigeons were only seen to eat figs.

关键词： avian frugivore nestedness plant-frugivore networks seed dispersal tropical forest

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Elucidating the Degradation Pathways of Human Insulin in the Solid State

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journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第3期8卷 288-299页

作者： andrew Fagan Lorraine m.Bateman joseph P.O’Shea Abina m.Crean SSPC the SFI Centre for Pharmaceutical ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity College CorkCork T12 YT20Ireland School of Pharmacy University College CorkCork T12 YT20Ireland Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility(ABCRF) University College CorkCork T12 YN60Ireland School of Chemistry University College CorkCork T12 YN60Ireland

While there have been significant advances in the development of peptide oral dosage forms in recent years,highlighted by the clinical and commercial success of approved peptides such as Rybelsus®,there remain several barriers in the way of broad range applicability of this approach to peptide *** such barrier includes the poor physical and chemical stability inherent to their structures,which persists in the solid state although degradation typically occurs at different rates and via different pathways in comparison to the solution *** insulin as a model peptide,this work sought to contribute to the development of analytical techniques for investigating common insulin degradation *** denatured,deamidated and aggregated samples were prepared and used to benchmark circular dichroism spectroscopy,reverse phase HPLC and size exclusion chromatography methods for the investigation of unfolding,chemical modifications and covalent aggregation of the insulin molecule *** state degraded samples were prepared by heating insulin powder at 60°C and 75%relative humidity for 1,3,5 and 7 d,and the degradation profiles of the samples were evaluated and compared with those observed in *** no unfolding was observed to occur,significant deamidation and covalent aggregation were *** disulfide bond cleavage using dithiothreitol allowed for separation of the insulin A-and B-chains,offering a facile yet novel means of assessing the mechanisms of deamidation and covalent aggregation occurring in the solid state.

关键词： Insulin Stability Solid state Deamidation Covalent aggregation Disulfide cleavage Biopharmaceutical analysis

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Shift current bulk photovoltaic effect in polar materials—hybrid and oxide perovskites and beyond

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npj Computational materials 2016年第1期2卷 58-69页

作者： Liang Z Tan Fan Zheng Steve m Young Fenggong Wang Shi Liu andrew m Rappe The makineni Theoretical Laboratories Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Center for Computational materials Science United States Naval Research LaboratoryWashingtonDCUSA Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution of ScienceWashingtonDCUSA

The bulk photovoltaic effect(BPVE)refers to the generation of a steady photocurrent and above-bandgap photovoltage in a single-phase homogeneous material lacking inversion *** mechanism of BPVE is decidedly different from the typical p-n junction-based photovoltaic mechanism in heterogeneous ***,there has been renewed interest in ferroelectric materials for solar energy conversion,inspired by the discovery of above-bandgap photovoltages in ferroelectrics,the invention of low bandgap ferroelectric materials and the rapidly improving power conversion efficiency of metal halide ***,as long as the nature of the BPVE and its dependence on composition and structure remain poorly understood,materials engineering and the realisation of its true potential will be *** this review article,we survey the history,development and recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of BPVE,with a focus on the shift current mechanism,an intrinsic BPVE that is universal to all materials lacking inversion *** addition to explaining the theory of shift current,materials design opportunities and challenges will be discussed for future applications of the BPVE.

关键词： mechanism effect ferroelectric

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Proton-Resistant Quantum Dots: Stability in Gastrointestinal Fluids and Implications for Oral Delivery of Nanoparticle Agents

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Nano Research 2009年第6期2卷 500-508页

作者： Aaron m.mohs Hongwei Duan Brad A.Kairdolf andrew m.Smith Shuming Nie Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology101 Woodruff Circle NESuite 2001AtlantaGeorgia 30322USA

Semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)have shown great promise as fluorescent probes for molecular,cellular and in vivo ***,the fluorescence of traditional polymer-encapsulated QDs is often quenched by proton-induced etching in acidic *** is a major problem for applications of QDs in the gastrointestinal tract because the gastric(stomach)environment is strongly acidic(pH 12).Here we report the use of proton-resistant surface coatings to stabilize QD fl uorescence under acidic *** both hyperbranched polyethylenimine(PEI)and its polyethylene glycol derivative(PEG-grafted PEI),we show that the fl uorescence of coreshell CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs is effectively protected from quenching in simulated gastric *** comparison,amphiphilic lipid or polymer coatings provide no protection under similarly acidic *** proton-resistant QDs are found to cause moderate membrane damage to cultured epithelial cells,but PEGylation(PEG grafting)can be used to reduce cellular toxicity and to improve nanoparticle stability.

关键词： Nanoparticle quantum dot oral delivery gastrointestinal polyethylenimine(PEI) polyethylene glycol(PEG)

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Diagnosis of Vocal Cord Paralysis in Anaesthesia

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journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2011年第1期28卷 5-9页

作者：余炜曾孝平 HAmID GholamHosseini andrew Cameron mICHAEL Harrison j Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and Technology College of Communication Engineering Chongqing University Institute of Biomedical Technologies(IBTec) Auckland University of Technology middlemore Hospital(Otahuhu) Auckland 1640New Zealand School of medicine University of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand

Vocal cord paralysis can occur as a complication o surgery or anaesthesia,if permanent is a significant clinica *** detection is important to optimize the chance o repair,and avoid complications associated with an impaired *** algorithm to detect altered vocal cord function was presented based on wavelet packet analysis(WPA) and suppor vector machines(SVm),and compared with the Hoarseness Diagram method(HDm),which was reported as an objective voice quality evaluation approach and could be used for pathological voice *** using voice signals recorded from subjects before and after the procedure show high classification accuracy with the new algorithm,whereas HDm fails in the detection of a hoarse *** finding would help to develop a screening tool to detect the vocal structure damage during surgery.

关键词： vocal cord paralysis wavelet packet analysis(WPA) support vector machine(SVm) anaesthesia

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Two-Factor Cancelable Biometrics Authenticator

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journal of Computer Science & Technology 2007年第1期22卷 54-59页

作者：彭颖涵 andrew T. B. j David N. C. L Faculty of Information Science and Technology Multimedia University dalan Ayev Keroh Lama 75450 Melaka Malaysia

Biometrics-based authentication system offers advantages of providing high reliability and accuracy. However the contemporary authentication system is impuissance to compromise. If a biometrics data is compromised, it cannot be replaced and rendered unusable. In this paper, a cancelable biometrics-based authenticator is proposed to solve this irrevocability issue. The proposed approach is a two-factor authentication system, which requires both of the random data and facial feature in order to access the system. In this system, tokenized pseudo-random data is coupled with momentbased facial feature via inner product algorithm. The output of the product is then discretized to generate a set of private binary code, coined as 2factor-Hashing code, which is acted as verification key. If this biometrics-based verification key is compromised, a new one can be issued by replacing a different set of random number via token replacement. Then, the compromised one is rendered completely useless. This feature offers an extra protection layer against biometrics fabrication since the verification code is replaceable. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system provides zero Equal Error Rate in which there is a clear separation in between the genuine and the imposter distribution populations.

关键词： cancelable biometrics face recognition Geometric moments,pseudo Zernike moment

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