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Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae or boulardii yeasts on acute stress induced intestinal dysmotility

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第48期22卷 10532-10544页

作者： Christine West andrew m Stanisz Annette Wong Wolfgang A Kunze mcmaster Brain-Body Institute St. Joseph’s Healthcare Department of Biology McM aster University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences Mc Master University

AIm To investigate the capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(S. cerevisiae) and Saccharomyces boulardii(S. boulardii) yeasts to reverse or to treat acute stress-related intestinal *** Adult Swiss Webster mice were stressed for 1 h in a wire-mesh restraint to induce symptoms of intestinal dysmotility and were subsequently killed by cervical dislocation. Jejunal and colon tissue were excised and placed within a tissue perfusion bath in which S. cerevisiae, S. boulardii, or their supernatants were administered into the lumen. Video recordings of contractility and gut diameter changes were converted to spatiotemporal maps and the velocity, frequency, and amplitude of propagating contractile clusters(PCC) were measured. motility pre- and post-treatment was compared between stressed animals and unstressed controls. RESULTS S. boulardii and S. cerevisiae helped to mediate the effects of stress on the small and large intestine. Restraint stress reduced jejunal transit velocity(mm/s)from 2.635 ± 0.316 to 1.644 ± 0.238, P m 0.032 ± 0.008 to 0.016 ± 0.005, P mm/s) from 0.864 ± 0.183 to 1.432 ± 0.329, P minal application of S. boulardii helped to restore jejunal and colonic velocity towards the unstressed controls; 1.833 ± 0.688 to 2.627 ± 0.664, P most apparent in the jejunum. S. cerevisiae increased PCC velocity in the stressed jejunum from 1.763 ± 0.397 to 2.017 ± 0.48, P = 0.0031 and PCC frequency from 0.016 ± 0.009 to 0.027 ± 0.007, P m 1.647 ± 0.187 to 1.038 ± 0.222, P motility to unstressed values in similar capacity. CONCLUSION The

关键词： Intestine Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces boulardii Restraint stress motility

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Anal intraepithelial neoplasia: A review of diagnosis and management

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第2期9卷 50-61页

作者： Joseph R Roberts Lacey L Siekas andrew m Kaz Department of medicine Division of Gastroenterology University of Washington School of Medicine Gastroenterology Section VA Puget Sound Health Care System

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia(AIN) is a premalignant lesion of the anal mucosa that is a precursor to anal cancer. Although anal cancer is relatively uncommon, rates of this malignancy are steadily rising in the United States, and among certain high risk populations the incidence of anal cancer may exceed that of colon cancer. Risk factors for AIN and anal cancer consist of clinical factors and behaviors that are associated with the acquisition and persistence of human papilloma virus(HPV) infection. The strongest HPV-associated risk factors are HIV infection, receptive anal intercourse, and high risk sexual behavior. A history of HPVmediated genital cancer, which suggests infection with an oncogenic HPV strain, is another risk factor for AIN/anal cancer. Because progression of AIN to anal cancer is known to occur in some individuals over several years, screening for AIN and early anal cancer, as well as treatment of advanced AIN lesions, is reasonable in certain high-risk populations. Although randomized controlled trials evaluating screening and treatment outcomes are lacking, experts support routine screening for AIN in high risk populations. Screening is performed using anal cytological exams, similar to those performed in cervical cancer screening programs, along with direct tissue evaluation and biopsy via high resolution anoscopy. AIN can be treated using topical therapies such as imiquimod, 5-flurouracil, and trichloroacetic acid, as well as ablative therapies such as electrocautery and laser therapy. Reductions in AIN and anal cancer rates have been shown in studies where high-risk populations were vaccinated against the oncogenic strains of HPV. Currently, the CDC recommends both high-risk and average-risk populations be vaccinated against HPV infection using the quadrivalent or nonavalent vaccines. It is important for clinicians to be familiar with AIN and the role of HPV vaccination, particularly in high risk populations.

关键词： Anal cancer Anal intraepithelial neoplasia Anal squamous cell carcinoma Human papillomavirus vaccine Human papillomavirus

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Brain weight predicts yawn duration across domesticated dog breeds

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 401-405页

作者： andrew C.Gallup Lea moscatello Jorg J.m.massen Psychology Program Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesSUNY Polytechnic InstituteUticaNY13502USA Department of Psychology SUNY College at OneontaOneontaNY13820USA Animal Ecology Group Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8Utrecht CH3584The Netherlands

Previous research shows that yawning enhances intracranial circulation and regulates brain temperature. Consistent with these functional outcomes, yawn duration correlates positively with interspecies variation in brain weight across mammals, with robust relationships documented at both the taxonomic rank of class and the more restricted scale of family (e.g., Felidae). This study provides the first investigation into whether differences in brain weight within a single species, domesticated dogs Canis lupus familiaris, can predict intraspecific variation in yawn duration. measures of yawn duration were obtained from public videos available online and then paired with previously published brain and body weight data of different dog breeds. The final sample consisted of 272 yawns from 198 dogs across 23 breeds. Consistent with recent studies, we find robust correlations between yawn duration and brain weight across breeds. moreover, these correlations remain significant after controlling for differences in body weight across breeds. These findings replicate and extend upon past work in this area and provide further support that yawns evolved to serve an important and large-scale neurophysiologic function.

关键词： brain cooling brain size cortical arousal neuroanatomy

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Rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke

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中华物理医学与康复杂志 2015年第5期37卷 339-339页

作者： Goyal m.demchuk Am menon BK

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Among patients with proximal vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation,up to 80%die within90 days of stroke,or do not regain functional independence despite alteplase *** studies have demonstrated the efficacy of endovascular treatment as an alternative to chemical *** study was designed to determine the efficacy of rapid endovascular treatment,in addition to standard care,for patients with acute ischemic stroke.

关键词：治疗功能缺血脑卒中腔内化学处理中风功效

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Intra-arterial therapy and infarct volumes

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中华物理医学与康复杂志 2016年第3期38卷 174-174页

作者： Al-Ajlan FS Goyal m.demchuk Am

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Anterior Circulation Proximal Occlusion with Emphasis on minimizing CT to Recanalization Times (ESCAPE) is a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial assessing endovascular treatment as compared with guideline based standard of care. Using data from that study, the authors sought to determine the efficacy of endovascular therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke and proximal anterior circulation *** Subjects presenting within 12 hours of stroke onset with pre-specified neurovascular imaging criteria were studied. All underwent follow-up imaging at 24 and 48 hours from stroke symptom onset. The data were reviewed for differences in stroke volume between treatment groups (endovascular and standard of care) and between subjects who did and who did not achieve early *** The median post-treatment infarct volume in all subjects was 21 mL, with the median infarct volume in the endovascular group of 15.5 mL and that in the control of 33.5 mL (Pm Early CT score [ASPECTS], and recanalization status were independently associated with posttreatment infarct volume (Pmparisons).CONCLUSION This study, using data from the ESCAPE trial showed that endovascular treatment among subjects with acute ischemic stroke and proximal anterior circulation occlusion is associated with smaller infarct volumes.

关键词：物理医学康复医学动脉疗法梗死

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Shift current bulk photovoltaic effect in polar materials—hybrid and oxide perovskites and beyond

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npj Computational materials 2016年第1期2卷 58-69页

作者： Liang Z Tan Fan Zheng Steve m Young Fenggong Wang Shi Liu andrew m Rappe The makineni Theoretical Laboratories Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Center for Computational materials Science United States Naval Research LaboratoryWashingtonDCUSA Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution of ScienceWashingtonDCUSA

The bulk photovoltaic effect(BPVE)refers to the generation of a steady photocurrent and above-bandgap photovoltage in a single-phase homogeneous material lacking inversion *** mechanism of BPVE is decidedly different from the typical p-n junction-based photovoltaic mechanism in heterogeneous ***,there has been renewed interest in ferroelectric materials for solar energy conversion,inspired by the discovery of above-bandgap photovoltages in ferroelectrics,the invention of low bandgap ferroelectric materials and the rapidly improving power conversion efficiency of metal halide ***,as long as the nature of the BPVE and its dependence on composition and structure remain poorly understood,materials engineering and the realisation of its true potential will be *** this review article,we survey the history,development and recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of BPVE,with a focus on the shift current mechanism,an intrinsic BPVE that is universal to all materials lacking inversion *** addition to explaining the theory of shift current,materials design opportunities and challenges will be discussed for future applications of the BPVE.

关键词： mechanism effect ferroelectric

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Proton-Resistant Quantum Dots: Stability in Gastrointestinal Fluids and Implications for Oral Delivery of Nanoparticle Agents

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Nano Research 2009年第6期2卷 500-508页

作者： Aaron m.mohs Hongwei Duan Brad A.Kairdolf andrew m.Smith Shuming Nie Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology101 Woodruff Circle NESuite 2001AtlantaGeorgia 30322USA

Semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)have shown great promise as fluorescent probes for molecular,cellular and in vivo ***,the fluorescence of traditional polymer-encapsulated QDs is often quenched by proton-induced etching in acidic *** is a major problem for applications of QDs in the gastrointestinal tract because the gastric(stomach)environment is strongly acidic(pH 12).Here we report the use of proton-resistant surface coatings to stabilize QD fl uorescence under acidic *** both hyperbranched polyethylenimine(PEI)and its polyethylene glycol derivative(PEG-grafted PEI),we show that the fl uorescence of coreshell CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs is effectively protected from quenching in simulated gastric *** comparison,amphiphilic lipid or polymer coatings provide no protection under similarly acidic *** proton-resistant QDs are found to cause moderate membrane damage to cultured epithelial cells,but PEGylation(PEG grafting)can be used to reduce cellular toxicity and to improve nanoparticle stability.

关键词： Nanoparticle quantum dot oral delivery gastrointestinal polyethylenimine(PEI) polyethylene glycol(PEG)

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The development of a high-performance Ni-superalloy additively manufactured heat pipe

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Advances in manufacturing 2022年第4期10卷 610-624页

作者： Sheng Li Khamis Essa James Carr States Chiwanga andrew Norton moataz m.Attallah School of Electromechanical Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China School of Engineering University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK Henry moseley X-ray Imaging Facility Henry Royce Institute for Advanced MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK European Thermodynamics Ltd 8 Priory Business ParkWistow RoadKibworthLeicestershire LE80RXUK Rolls-Royce plc P.O.Box 31Derby DE248BJUK School of metallurgy and materials University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Additively manufacturing(Am)has been used to manufacture fine structures with structured/engineered porosity in heat management *** this study,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)was used to manufacture a high-performance Ni-superalloy heat pipe,through tailoring LPBF process parameters to fabricate thin wall and *** using novel laser scanning strategies,wick structure heat pipes with maximised surface-area-to-volume ratio,fine features size around 100µm,and controlled porosity were successfully *** and X-ray microtomography(micro-CT)were used to investigate the 3D structure of the void space within the *** test results showed that most of the heat pipes made by LPBF had better performance than the conventionally manufactured *** study also investigated the influences of the process parameters on the porosity volume fraction and the feature *** results showed that LPBF process could fabricate thin structure due to the change of melt pool contact *** relationship between process parameters and bead size reported in this study could help design and manufacture heat pipe with complex fine structure.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) Heat pipe melt pool microtomography(micro-CT)

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Adjustment of Forest Ecosystem Root Respiration as Temperature Warms

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1467-1483页

作者： andrew J.Burton Jerry m.melillo Serita D.Frey Ecosystem Science Center Michigan Technological University School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory Department of Natural Resources University of New Hampshire

Adjustment of ecosystem root respiration to warmer climatic conditions can alter the autotrophic portion of soil respiration and influence the amount of carbon available for biomass production. We examined 44 published values of annual forest root respiration and found an increase in ecosystem root respiration with increasing mean annual temperature （mAT）, but the rate of this cross-ecosystem increase （Q10 = 1.6） is less than published values for short-term responses of root respiration to temperature within ecosystems （Q10 = 2-3）. When specific root respiration rates and root biomass values were examined, there was a clear trend for decreasing root metabolic capacity （respiration rate at a standard temperature） with increasing mAT. There also were tradeoffs between root metabolic capacity and root system biomass, such that there were no instances of high growing season respiration rates and high root biomass occurring together. We also examined specific root respiration rates at three soil warming experiments at Harvard Forest, USA, and found decreases in metabolic capacity for roots from the heated plots. This decline could be due to either physiological acclimation or to the effects of co-occurring drier soils on the measurement date. Regardless of the cause, these findings clearly suggest that modeling efforts that allow root respiration to increase exponentially with temperature, with Q10 values of 2 or more, may over-predict root contributions to ecosystem CO2 efflux for future climates and underestimate the amount of C available for other uses, including net primary productivity.

关键词： acclimation climatic warming root biomass root respiration soil warming.

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Coprophilous contributions to the phylogeny of Lasiosphaeriaceae and allied taxa within Sordariales(Ascomycota,Fungi)

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第1期70卷 101-113页

作者： Åsa Kruys Sabine m.Huhndorf andrew N.miller Systematic Biology Department of Organismal BiologyEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18DSE-75236 UppsalaSweden Botany Department Field MuseumChicagoIL 60605USA Illinois Natural History Survey University of IllinoisChampaignIL 61820US

The phylogenetic relationships of Lasiosphaeriaceae are complicated in that the family is paraphyletic and includes Sordariaceae and Chaetomiaceae,as well as several polyphyletic *** study focuses on the phylogenetic relationships of the coprophilous genera,Anopodium,Apodospora,Arnium,Fimetariella and *** are traditionally circumscribed based on ascospore characters,which have proven homoplasious in other genera within the *** results based on LSU nrDNA andß–tubulin sequences distinguish four lineages of Lasiosphaeriaceae *** joins the clade of mor-phologically similar,yellow-pigmented species of Cercophora and *** is monophyletic and joins a larger group of taxa with unclear affinities to each other,while Arnium is polyphyletic being scattered throughout three of the four major clades of *** is represented by a single collection and joins the clade containing Cercophora scortea and Podospora *** shows affinities to the Lasiosphaeris *** on a combination of morphological and molecular data,Echria *** recognized at the genus level for the former Arnium section and two new combinations are proposed:*** and ***.

关键词： Ascomal wall Ascomycete β-tubulin LSU nrDNA Systematics,Taxonom

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