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Application of digital image correlation to full-field measurement of shrinkage strain of dental composites

Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2013年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Jian-ying LI andrew lau Alex S. L. FOK Minnesota Dental Research Centre for Biomaterials and Biomechanics School of Dentistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

Objectives： Polymerization shrinkage of dental composites remains a major concern in restorative dentistry because it can lead to micro-cracking of the tooth and debonding at the tooth-restoration interface. The aim of this study was to measure the full-field polymerization shrinkage of dental composites using the optical digital image correlation （DIC） method and to evaluate how the measurement is influenced by the factors in experiment setup and image analysis. Methods： Four commercial dental composites, Premise Dentine, Z 100, Z250 and Tetric EvoCeram, were tested. Composite was first placed into a slot mould to form a bar specimen with rectangular-section of 4 mmx2 mm, followed by the surface painting to create irregular speckles. Curing was then applied at one end of the specimen while the other part were covered against curing light for simulating the clinical curing condition of composite in dental cavity. The painted surface was recorded by a charge-coupled device （CCD） camera before and after curing. Subsequently, the volumetric shrinkage of the specimen was calculated with specialist DIC software based on image cross correlation. In addition, a few factors that may influence the measuring accuracy, including the subset window size, speckle size, illumination light and specimen length, were also evaluated. Results： The volumetric shrinkage of the specimen generally decreases with increasing distance from the irradiated surface with a conspicuous exception being the composite Premise Dentine as its maximum shrinkage occurred at a subsurface distance of about 1 mm instead of the irradiated surface. Z100 had the greatest maximum shrinkage strain, followed by Z250, Tetric EvoCeram and then Premise Dentine. Larger subset window size made the shrinkage strain contour smoother. But the cost was that some details in the heterogeneity of the material were lost. Very small subset window size resulted in a lot of noise in the data, making it difficult to discern the g

关键词： Image correlation Dental composite Polymerization shrinkage Depth of cure

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COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes in Hong Kong and effectiveness of vaccine against severe outcomes

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Infectious Medicine 2023年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Mei Hung Joanna Leung Kin Hang Kung Ian Siu-kiu Yau Yan Yee Fung Kirran Nazesh Mohammad Cheong Chi andrew lau Ka Wing Albert Au Shuk Kwan Chuang Centre for Health Protection Department of HealthKowloonHong KongChina

Background:COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes for the elderly(RCHEs)and for persons with disability(RCHDs)have caused significant morbidity and mortality during 5th epidemic in Hong *** article reviewed COVID-19 outbreaks situation and estimated the effectiveness of receiving at least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine in preventing severe ***:To estimate attack rates and vaccination coverage,documentation on COVID-19 infection and their vaccination records of residential care homes(RCH)residents reported between December 31,2021 and May 31,2022 were reviewed,and infected cases were follow-up for 4 weeks for severe outcomes or *** between vaccination coverage against attack rate by types of homes was *** RCH residents with available information were included in the analysis of vaccine effectiveness against severe outcomes and ***:COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low in RCHDs(median 0.46,IQR:0.24-0.76)and very low in RCHEs(median 0.08,IQR:0.00-0.19).Higher attack rates were recorded among RCHE residents(median 0.84,IQR:0.64-0.93)and higher case fatality rate(CFR:28.1%)than in RCHDs(median 0.58,IQR:0.31-0.84;CFR:3.9%).The attack rate decreased when vaccination coverage increased for both RCHEs(ρ=−0.131,p<0.001)and RCHDs(ρ=−0.333,p<0.001).Comparing with infected residents who were unvaccinated/vaccinated with one-dose,receiving at least two-dose was estimated to be effective in reducing severe outcomes in 31%and 36%of infected RCHE and RCHD residents respectively;with greater reduction in mortality among RCHD than RCHE residents(54%and 38%,respectively).Vaccine effectiveness of two-dose of BNT162b2 against severe outcomes and death are higher than that of ***:Increasing COVID-19 vaccination could have significant impact on reducing the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in *** least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine is still effective in reducing severe outcomes and death among infected residents in

关键词： COVID-19 Attack rates Long-term care facilities Vaccine effectiveness Severe outcomes Hong Kong China

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Mechanisms of acquired resistance to fibroblast growth factor receptor targeted therapy

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第3期2卷 568-579页

作者： David K.lau laura Jenkins andrew Weickhardt Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute HeidelbergVictoria 3084Australia School of Cancer Medicine La Trobe UniversityHeidelbergVictoria 3084Australia Department of Medical Oncology Austin HealthHeidelbergVictoria 3084Australia.

Oncogenic activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR)through mutations and fusions of the FGFR gene occur in a variety of different malignancies such as urothelial carcinoma and *** of the kinase domain of the FGFR with targeted oral FGFR inhibitors has been shown in both preclinical and early phase clinical trials to lead to meaningful reductions in tumour size and larger confirmatory randomized trials are *** resistance to FGFR inhibition using a variety of mechanisms that includes,activation of alternate signaling pathways and expansion of tumour clones with gatekeeper mutations in the FGFR *** review summarizes the acquired resistance mechanisms to FGFR therapy and therapeutic approaches to circumventing resistance.

关键词： Fibroblast growth factor receptor targeted therapy acquired resistance

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Risk of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in Chinese undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention treated with potent P2Y12 inhibitor versus clopidogrel

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第4期7卷 310-318,I0015-I0019页

作者： andrew Kei-Yan Ng Pauline Yeung Ng April Ip Kui Kai lau Chung-Wah Siu Cardiac Medical Unit Grantham HospitalHong KongHong Kong Department of Adult Intensive Care Queen Mary HospitalHong KongHong Kong Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences The University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong

Background Stroke after acute coronary syndrome(ACS)can be *** is uncertain whether the risks of ischaemic stroke or intracranial haemorrhage(ICH)are associated with different choices of P2Y12 inhibitors(potent P2Y12 inhibitors such as ticagrelor and prasugrel vs clopidogrel).Even though East Asians are known to have different thrombotic and haemorrhagic profiles from Caucasians,data on Chinese patients are *** This was a retrospective cohort study conducting in Chinese patients with ACS who underwent first-ever percutaneous coronary intervention from 14 hospitals in Hong Kong between 2010 and *** primary efficacy endpoint was ischaemic *** secondary efficacy endpoint was a composite outcome of thrombotic events including all-cause mortality,non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischaemic *** primary safety endpoint was *** secondary safety endpoint was a composite of major bleeding *** After adjustment of baseline characteristics by 1:1 propensity score matching,a total of 6220 patients(3110 on each group)were *** with clopidogrel,potent P2Y12 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of ischaemic stroke(HR 0.57;95%CI 0.37 to 0.87;p=0.008)and a lower risk of thrombotic events(HR 0.77;95%CI 0.66 to 0.90;p=0.001).Potent P2Y12 inhibitor was associated with similar risk of ICH(HR 0.65;95%CI 0.34 to 1.25,p=0.20)and major bleeding(HR 0.83;95%CI 0.68 to 1.01,p=0.069).Conclusions Potent P2Y12 inhibitors were associated with a lower adjusted risk of ischaemic stroke and thrombotic events,compared with *** risks of ICH and major bleeding were similar.

关键词： P2Y12 coronary haemorrhagic

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Reporting guidelines of Chinese medicine:Current situation and future development

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2022年第3期9卷 209-216页

作者： Xuan Zhang Wai Chak andrew Chung Chung Tai lau Nana Wang Chinese EQUATOR Centre Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong999077China Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development Limited Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong999077China School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong999077China Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences University of PaviaLombardy27100Italy

Objective:Reporting research is as important a part of a study as its design or *** guidelines(RGs)provide structured advice on how to report research studies clearly and *** study aimed to review the development of RGs of Chinese medicine(CM)and to provide recommen-dations for ***:Through a systematic search of the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research(EQUATOR)Network and electronic databases up to January 1,2022,we identified a total of 15 RGs of CM,and further summarized their characteristics and *** addition,we reviewed the development of international RGs and analyzed its impact for ***:Compared with the generic RGs,the reporting standards of CM have been rapidly developed over the last 10 years,of which 57%were issued in recent 3 years(2019-2021).Currently,the system of RGs of CM has been established,especially for clinical trials,including various CM interventions and covering the guidelines from trial registration,protocol,results publication to the evidence synthesis and clinical practice ***,the application of RGs of CM is ***:It is necessary to take further measures to promote practical application,improve journals’endorsement,and establish quality monitoring procedures for RGs of CM in the future.

关键词： Chinese medicine Clinical research CONSORT CONSORT for CHM formula EQUATOR network Endorsement of journals Reporting guidelines Reporting quality

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Is it safe to perform operation for colorectal malignancy in Chinese patients without DVT prophylaxis？ An 8-year experience from a regional hospital in Hong Kong

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第15期123卷 1973-1975页

作者： Day Weida lau Ying Yu Patrick Yip Wai Chun andrew Department of Surgery Kwong Wah Hospital Hong Kong China

Background Colorectal surgery was regarded as one of the high risk surgery for post-operative deep vein thrombosis （DVT） and pulmonary embolism. This study aimed at investigating the incidence of venous thromboembolism （VTE） after colorectal surgery for *** Data were collected from the prospective database of colorectal malignancy from 2000 to 2008. A total of 1421 colorectal （open and laparoscopic） operations were performed for the colorectal malignancy without DVT *** Only seven patients （0.5%） developed symptomatic DVT and one of them had complication of pulmonary embolism without mortality. Open operation for colorectal malignancy was identified as possible risk factor of DVT,however, risk factors like operative time, low anterior resection, sex, age etc. were not *** Risk of venous thromboembolism after colorectal operation is low in Chinese of our locality and it might be safe to perform colorectal operation for malignancy without DVT prophylaxis.

关键词： colorectal carcinoma deep vein thrombosis

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Single incision laparoscopic right hemicolectomy： different approaches

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第2期126卷 238-241页

作者： WONG Tak-man DAY Weida KWOK Shu-yan lau Ying-yu Patrick YIP Wai-chun andrew Department of Surgery Kwong Wah Hospital Hong Kong China

Background Single incision laparoscopic colectomy has been performed in recent years, and has been shown to be feasible and safe. This study was to assess the feasibility of single incision laparoscopic right hemicolectomy and to compare the differences in different approaches. Methods This retrospective study included eighteen patients with carcinoma of caecum and ascending colon, undergoing single incision laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. This study also compared single incision laparoscopic right hemicolectomy using different approaches：（1） single incision multiport, （2） single access port and （3） glove port. Results There was no statistical difference in surgical outcomes. Concerning the surgeon＇s satisfaction toward three methods, overcrowding and durability were similar but the single incision multiport was associated with the highest gas-leak and the ＂glove＂ port was associated with poor durability. However, the method of single incision multiport has the lowest average cost of the special trocar or port in each operation. The operative time and blood loss of the operations in this study were comparable to previous publications. Conclusion There was no significant difference between different approaches of single incision laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for colonic cancer in right side colon.

关键词： colonic neoplasms, colectomy instrumentation, laparoscopy methods equipment design

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Alpha-synuclein seeding shows a wide heterogeneity in multiple system atrophy

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 845-858页

作者： Ivan Martinez-Valbuena Naomi P.Visanji Ain Kim Heather H.C.lau Raphaella W.L.So Sohaila Alshimemeri andrew Gao Michael A.Seidman Maria R.Luquin Joel C.Watts Anthony E.Lang Gabor G.Kovacs Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Edmond J.Safra Program in PD and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic Toronto Western HospitalTorontoONCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Krembil Brain Institute University Health NetworkTorontoONCanada Department of Biochemistry University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Laboratory Medicine Program University Health NetworkTorontoONCanada Department of Neurology Clinica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaNavarraSpain Division of Neurology Department of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia.

Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by variable combinations of parkinsonism, autonomic failure, cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal features. Although the distribution of synucleinopathy correlates with the predominant clinical features, the burden of pathology does not fully explain observed differences in clinical presentation and rate of disease progression. We hypothesized that the clinical heterogeneity in MSA is a consequence of variability in the seeding activity of α-synuclein both between different patients and between different brain regions. Methods: The reliable detection of α-synuclein seeding activity derived from MSA using cell-free amplification assays remains challenging. Therefore, we conducted a systematic evaluation of 168 different reaction buffers, using an array of pH and salts, seeded with fully characterized brain homogenates from one MSA and one PD patient. We then validated the two conditions that conferred the optimal ability to discriminate between PD- and MSA-derived samples in a larger cohort of 40 neuropathologically confirmed cases, including 15 MSA. Finally, in a subset of brains, we conducted the first multi-region analysis of seeding behaviour in MSA. Results: Using our novel buffer conditions, we show that the physicochemical factors that govern the in vitro amplification of α-synuclein can be tailored to generate strain-specific reaction buffers that can be used to reliably study the seeding capacity from MSA-derived α-synuclein. Using this novel approach, we were able to sub-categorize the 15 MSA brains into 3 groups: high, intermediate and low seeders. To further demonstrate heterogeneity in α-synuclein seeding in MSA, we conducted a comprehensive multi-regional evaluation of α-synuclein seeding in 13 different regions from 2 high seeders, 2 intermediate seeders and 2 low seeders. Conclusions: We have identified unexpected differences in seed-competent α-synuclein across a coho

关键词： Alpha-synuclein Multiple system atrophy RT-QuIC Seeding behavior

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Tropical forest canopies and their relationships with climate and disturbance： results from a global dataset of consistent field-based measurements

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 77-90页

作者： marion pfeifer alemu gonsamo william woodgate luis cayuela andrew r.marshall alicia ledo timothy c.e.paine rob marchant andrew burt kim calders colin courtney-mustaphi aida cuni-sanchez nicolas j.deere dereje denu jose gonzalez de tanago robin hayward alvaro lau manuel j.macía pieter i.olivier petri pellikka hamidu seki deo shirima rebecca trevithick beatrice wedeux charlotte wheeler pantaleo k.t.munishi thomas martin abdul mustari philip j.platts school of natural and environmental sciences newcastle universityUpon TyneNewcastle NE1 7RUUK department of geography and planning university of torontoONCanada land and water commonwealth scientific and industrial research organisationYarralumlaACTAustralia school of mathematical and geospatial sciences rmit universityGPO Box 2476VMelbourneVIC 3001Australia department of biology geologyphysics and inorganic chemistryuniversidad rey juan carlosE-28933 MostolesMadridSpain tropical forest and peopleresearch centre university of the sunshine coastsippy DownsAustralia environment department university of yorkYorkUK flamingo land ltd. MaltonUK the institute of biological and environmental sciences environmental modelling groupuniversity of aberdeenAberdeenUK biological and environmental sciences university of stirlingStirling FK9 4L AUK york institute for tropical ecosystems environment departmentuniversity of yorkYork YO10 5NGUK department of geography university college londonGower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK earth observation climate and optical groupnational physical laboratoryHampton RoadTeddingtonMiddlesex TW11 0LWUK department of archaeology and ancient history uppsala universitetP.O.Box 256-751 05 UppsalaSESweden center for macroecology evolution and climateuniversity of copenhagenUniversitetsparken 152100 CopenhagenDKDenmark durrell institute of conservation and ecology(dice) school of anthropology and conservationuniversity of kentCanterbury CT2 7NRUK department of biology college of natural sciencesjimma universityJimmaEthiopia wageningen university&research laboratory of geo-information science and remote sensingDroevendaalsesteeg 36708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands center for international forestry research(cifor) Situ GedeSindang BarangBogor 16680Indonesia departamento de biología área de botánicauniversidad autónoma de madridcalle Darwin 2-28049 MadridESSpain conservation ecology research unit university of pretoriaHatfieldPretoriaSouth Af

Background： Canopy structure, defined by leaf area index （LAI）, fractional vegetation cover （FCover） and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation （fAPAR）, regulates a wide range of forest functions and ecosystem services. Spatially consistent field-measurements of canopy structure are however lacking, particularly for the tropics. Methods： Here, we introduce the Global LAI database： a global dataset of field-based canopy structure measurements spanning tropical forests in four continents （Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas）. We use these measurements to test for climate dependencies within and across continents, and to test for the potential of anthropogenic disturbance and forest protection to modulate those dependences. Results： Using data collected from 887 tropical forest plots, we show that maximum water deficit, defined across the most arid months of the year, is an important predictor of canopy structure, with all three canopy attributes declining significantly with increasing water deficit. Canopy attributes also increase with minimum temperature, and with the protection of forests according to both active （within protected areas） and passive measures （through topography）. Once protection and continent effects are accounted for, other anthropogenic measures （e.g. human population） do not improve the model. Conclusions： We conclude that canopy structure in the tropics is primarily a consequence of forest adaptation to the maximum water deficits historically experienced within a given region. Climate change, and in particular changes in drought regimes may thus affect forest structure and function, but forest protection may offer some resilience against this effect.

关键词： Leaf area index Fractional vegetation cover Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation,Human population pressure Protected areas Drought Climate change

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Randomised controlled trial comparing modified Sano's and narrow band imaging international colorectal endoscopic classifications for colorectal lesions

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2018年第9期10卷 210-218页

作者： Leonardo Zorrón Cheng Tao Pu Kuan Loong Cheong Doreen Siew Ching Koay Sze Pheh Yeap Amanda Ovenden Mahima Raju andrew Ruszkiewicz Philip W Chiu James Y lau Rajvinder Singh Department of Gastroenterology Lyell McEwin Hospital Medical School University of Adelaide Department of Pathology Lyell McEwin Hospital Department of Surgery the Chinese University of Hong Kong

AIM To assess the utility of modified Sano′s(MS) vs thenarrow band imaging international colorectal endoscopic(NICE) classification in differentiating colorectal *** Patients undergoing colonoscopy between 2013 and 2015 were enrolled in this *** on the MS or the NICE classifications,patients were randomised for real-time endoscopic *** was followed by biopsies,endoscopic or surgical *** endoscopic diagnosis was then compared to the final(blinded) *** primary endpoint was the sensitivity(Sn),specificity(Sp),positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) of differentiating neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps(MSⅡ/Ⅱo/Ⅲa/Ⅲb vs I or NICE 1 vs 2/3).The secondary endpoints were "endoscopic resectability"(MSⅡ/Ⅱo/Ⅲa vs Ⅰ/Ⅲb or NICE 2 vs 1/3),NPV for diminutive distal adenomas and prediction of post-polypectomy surveillance *** A total of 348 patients were *** Sn,Sp,PPV and NPV in differentiating neoplastic polyps from non-neoplastic polyps were,98.9%,85.7%,98.2% and 90.9% for MS;and 99.1%,57.7%,95.4% and 88.2% for NICE,*** area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) for MS was 0.92(95%CI:0.86-0.98);and AUC for NICE was 0.78(95%CI:0.69,0.88).The Sn,Sp,PPV and NPV in predicting "endoscopic resectability" were 98.9%,86.1%,97.8% and 92.5% for MS;and 98.6%,66.7%,94.7% and 88.9% for NICE,*** AUC for MS was 0.92(95%CI:0.87-0.98);and the AUC for NICE was 0.83(95%CI:0.75-0.90).The AUC values were statistically different for both comparisons(P = 0.0165 and P = 0.0420,respectively).The accuracy for diagnosis of sessile serrated adenoma/polyp(SSA/P) with high confidence utilizing MS classification was 93.2%.The differentiation of SSA/P from other lesions achieved Sp,Sn,PPV and NPV of 87.2%,91.5%,89.6% and 98.6%,*** NPV for predicting adenomas in diminutive rectosigmoid polyps(n = 150) was 96.6% and 95% with MS and NICE ***

关键词： Colorectal polyps Colorectal adenomas Colorectal neoplasm Colorectal lesions Randomised controlled trial Colonoscopy Magnifying colonoscopy Endoscopic imaging

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