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Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize (Zea mays L.) grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第10期19卷 1245-1251页

作者： XIA Yun-sheng CHEN Bao-dong CHRISTIE Peter SMITH f andrew WANG You-shan LI Xiao-lin College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China Department of Soil Environmental Science Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beifing 100085 China Agricultural and Environmental Science Department Queen＇s University Belfast Belfast BT9 5PX UK Soil and Land Systems School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Waite Campus The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia Institute of Plant Nutrition and resources Beijing Municiple Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Belting 100097 China

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungus （Glomus mosseae） and phosphorus （P） addition （100 mg/kg soil） on arsenic （As） uptake by maize plants （Zea mays L.） from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment. Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included. Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As, P, and other nutrients, AM colonization, root lengths, and hyphal length densities were determined. The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium. Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments, but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application. AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added, and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition, respectively. Shoot and root uptake of P, Mn, Cu, and Zn increased, but shoot fe uptake decreased by 44.6%, with inoculation, when P was added. P addition reduced shoot P, fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn uptake of AM plants, but increased root fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones. AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil, and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil, however, P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.

关键词： arsenic arbuscular mycorrhiza phosphate maize phytostabilization

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Powered by standards-new data tools for the climate sciences

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2010年第S01期3卷 85-102页

作者： andrew Woolf STfC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory e-Science CentreDidcotUK

The ultimate goal of much current research in earth science informatics is to enable more efficient discovery and use of environmental ***-scale efforts are underway at regional and global *** instance the European INSPIRE Directive(2007/2/EC)and international GEOSS initiative will both provide unprecedented catalogues of earth observation and environmental data,with links to online services providing direct access to digital data *** the motivation for these emerging infrastructures is clear(*** global change),it is less obvious how they might be *** will play a major role and considerable effort is currently being devoted to their development by bodies like the International Organisation for Standardisation and the Open Geospatial *** search engines are amongst the most popular websites visited *** the metaphor of a web search portal,we review the potential of new geospatial standards to provide an advanced,userfriendly approach to discovery and use of climate-science data.

关键词： ISO OGC geospatial standards metadata feature types WfS GML

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Effects of Glomus mosseae on the toxicity of heavy metals to Vicia faba

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第4期18卷 721-726页

作者： ZHANG Xu-hong LIN Ai-jun CHEN Bao-dong WANG You-shan SMITH Sally E SMITH f andrew Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Department of Environmental Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China Lab of Soil and Microbe Department of Plant Nutrition and Resource Agriculture and Forestry Academy of Beijing Beijing 100089 China Soil and Land Systems School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia

A glasshouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on the growth of Vicia faba and toxicity induced by heavy metals （HMs）（Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd） in a field soil contaminated by a mixture of these metals. There was also uninoculation treatment （NM） simultaneously. Mycorrhizal （GM） plants have significantly increased growth and tolerance to toxicity induced by heavy metals compared with NM plants. P uptake was significantly increased in GM plants. Mycorrhizal symbiosis reduced the transportation of HMs fi＇om root to shoot by immobilizing HMs in the mycorrhizal, shown by increasing the ratios of HMs from root to shoot. Oxidative stress, which can induce DNA damage, is an important mechanism of heavy metal toxicity. GM treatment decreased oxidative stress by intricating antioxidative systems such as peroxidases and non-enzymic systems including soluble protein. The DNA damage induced by heavy metals was detected using comet assay, which showed DNA damage in the plants was decreased by the GM treatment.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMf) metal contamination metal toxicity DNA damage

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Immunosuppressive,antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of inhibitor cystine knot peptides produced by teratocytes of the endoparasitoid wasp Cotesia flavipes(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)

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Insect Science 2023年第4期30卷 1105-1117页

作者： Ciro P.G.Pinto andrew A.Walker Glenn f.King Guilherme D.Rossi School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Sao Paulo State University(UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of QueenslandQueenslandSt LuciaAustralia

Teratocytes are specialized cells released by parasitoid wasps into their *** are known for producing regulatory molecules that aid the development of imma-ture *** have recently reported the primary structures of cystine-rich peptides,including some containing inhibitor cystine knot(ICK)motifs,produced by teratocytes of the parasitoid Cotesia flavipes(Hymenoptera:Braconidae).ICKs are known for their stability and diverse biological *** this study,we produced four putative ICK peptides from the teratocytes of *** using solid-phase peptide synthesis or recom-binant expression in ***,and investigated their functions on host immune modulation as well their potential to impair the development of two lepidopterans after ingestion of the *** addition,the peptides were assayed against pathogens and human *** peptides did not influence total hemocyte count but suppressed cellular immunity,detectable as a reduction of hemocyte encapsulation(CtICK-I,CftICK-II,CtICK-I)and spread indexes(CftICK-IV)in the *** of the peptides influenced the activi-ties of prophenoloxidase and phenoloxidase in the hemolymph of larval Diatraea sacchar-alis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae).CftICK-I and CftICK-II with previously unknown function showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans but were non-toxic to human ***-I,CftICK-II,and CftICK-II increased larval mortality and reduced leaf consump-tion of ***,a permissive host for *** CftICK-III also increased larval mortality and reduced leaf consumption of Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),a non-permissive host for *** study highlights biological func-tions and biotechnological potential of ICK peptides from the teratocytes of ***.

关键词： biocontrol encapsulation host regulation Hymenoptera parasitoid phe-noloxidase

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Kinase inhibitors:look beyond the label on the bottle

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第4期2卷 1032-1043页

作者： Paul Dent andrew Poklepovic Laurence Booth John f.Hancock Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology1 Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298-0035USA Department of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298-0035USA Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTX 77030USA

The majority of scientists working in the field of cancer experimental therapeutics recognize that many drugs that claim to be“specific”for one target enzyme in fact regulate to varying degrees the activities of other additional protein *** of these targets are known and are recognized as being an essential component of a drug’s ***,many other targets fall into the category of“unknown unknowns”.Thus,the collective therapeutic outcome for almost all clinically relevant drugs is reliant on both the claimed primary and secondary“on”targets as well as some of the unexpected unknown“off”*** review discusses the biology of several fDA approved cancer therapeutic drugs whose initial reported targets only represented the tip-of-the-iceberg in terms of how each agent acted as an anti-tumor *** review also discusses a putative thorough pre-visualization methodology for drug-based research,prior to executing any wet *** approaches should be performed in an agnostic fashion and be based in part on the clinically safe drug’s C max and its area under the curve in a *** on tumor heterogeneity,considerations of how to approach developmental therapeutics in the age of“personalized medicine”are also discussed.

关键词： Autophagy histone deacetylase chaperone cancer

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Mice with a heterozygous Lrp6 deletion have impaired fracture healing

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Bone Research 2016年第2期4卷 101-109页

作者： Travis A Burgers Juan f Vivanco Juraj zahatnansky andrew J Vander Moren James J Mason Bart O Williams Center for Cancer and Cell Biology Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment Van Andel Research Institute Grand Rapids MhUSA faculfad de Ingenieria y Ciencias Adolfo Ib6fiez University Vifia del Mar Chile padnos College of Engineering and Computing Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids MI USA

Bone fracture non-unions, the failure of a fracture to heal, occur in 10%-20% of fractures and are a costly and debilitating clinical problem. The Wnt/fl-catenin pathway is critical in bone development and fracture healing. Polymorphisms of linking low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 （LRP6）, a Wnt-binding receptor, have been associated with decreased bone mineral density and fragility fractures, although this remains controversial. Mice with a homozygous deletion of Lrp6 have severe skeletal abnormalities and are not viable, whereas mice with a heterozygous deletion have a combinatory effect with Lrp5 to decrease bone mineral density. As fracture healing closely models embryonic skeletal development, we investigated the process of fracture healing in mice heterozygous for Lrp6 （Lrp6~/-） and hypothesized that the heterozygous deletion of Lrp6 would impair fracture healing. Mid-diaphyseal femur fractures were induced in Lrp6~^- mice and wild-type controls （Lrp6~/~）. fractures were analyzed using micro-computed tomography （~CT） scans, biomechanical testing, and histological analysis. Lrp6~/- mice had significantly decreased stiffness and strength at 28 days post fracture （Pf） and significantly decreased BV/TV, total density, immature bone density, and mature area within the callus on day-14 and -21 Pf; they had significantly increased empty callus area at days 14 and 21 Pf. Our results demonstrate that the heterozygous deletion of Lrp6 impairs fracture healing, which suggests that Lrp6 has a role in fracture healing.

关键词： bone Mice with a heterozygous Lrp6 deletion have impaired fracture healing

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Influence of food availability,plant productivity,and indigenous forest use on ranging behavior of the endangered samango monkey(Cercopithecus albogularis schwarzi),in the Soutpansberg Mountains,South Africa

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第5期15卷 385-400页

作者： Edwin J.PARKER Russell A.HIL andrew T.L.ALLAN Caroline HOWLETT Nicola f.KOYAMA School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research CentreLouis TrichardtSouth Africa Department of Anthropology Durham UniversityDurhamUK Department of Zoology University of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa School of Anthropology and Conservation University of KentKentUK

Understanding the determinants of ranging patterns in species susceptible to habitat fragmentation is fundamental for assessing their long-term adaptability to an increasingly human-dominated *** aim of this study was to determine and compare the influence of ground-based food availability,remotely sensed plant productivity,and indigenous forest use on the ranging patterns of the endangered samango monkey(Cercopithecus albogularis schwarzi).We collected monthly ranging data on two habituated samango monkey groups,from february 2012 to December 2016,from our field site in the Soutpansberg Mountains,South *** used linear mixed models to explore how food availability,plant productivity,and indigenous forest use influenced monthly ranging patterns,while controlling for group size,number of sample days and day *** found that as more areas of high plant productivity(derived from remotely sensed EVI)were incorporated into the ranging area,both total and core monthly ranging areas *** addition,both total ranging area and mean monthly daily path length decreased as more indigenous forest was incorporated into the ranging ***,we found no effect of either ground-based food availability or remotely sensed plant productivity on ranging *** findings demonstrate the behavioral flexibility in samango monkey ranging,as samangos can utilize matrix habitat during periods of low productivity but are ultimately dependent on access to indigenous forest *** addition,we highlight the potential of using remotely sensed areas of high plant productivity to predict ranging patterns in a small ranging,forest-dwelling guenon,over ground-based estimates of food availability.

关键词： food availability forest use plant productivity ranging patterns remote sensing samango monkey

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Effect of a region-wide incorporation of an algorithm based on the 2012 international consensus guideline on the practice pattern for the management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in an integrated health system

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第13期6卷 624-631页

作者： andrew Khoi Nguyen Agathon Girgis Timnit Tekeste Karen Chang Mopelola Adeyemo Armen Eskandari Emilio Alonso Priyanka Yaramada Charles Chaya Albert Ko Edmund burke Isaiah Roggow Rebecca Butler Aniket Kawatkar Brian S Lim School of Medicine University of California Department of Gastroenterology Kaiser Permanente Riverside Medical Center Department of Surgery Kaiser Permanente Riverside Medical Center Department of Research and Evaluation Southern California Permanente Medical Group

AIM To examine the practice pattern in Kaiser Permanente Southern California(KPSC), i.e., gastroenterology(GI)/surgery referrals and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS), for pancreatic cystic neoplasms(PCNs) after the regionwide dissemination of the PCN management *** Retrospective review was performed; patients with PCN diagnosis given between April 2012 and April 2015(18 mo before and after the publication of the algorithm) in KPSC(integrated health system with 15 hospitals and 202 medical offices in Southern California) were ***2558(1157 pre-and 1401 post-algorithm) received a new diagnosis of PCN in the study period. There was no difference in the mean cyst size(pre-19.1 mm vs post-18.5 mm, P = 0.119). A smaller percentage of PCNs resulted in EUS after the implementation of the algorithm(pre-45.5% vs post-34.8%, P f patients were referred for GI(pre-65.2% vs post-53.3%, P for PCN after the implementation. There was no significant change in operations for PCNs. Cost of diagnostic care was reduced after the implementation by 24%, 18%, and 36% for EUS, GI, and surgery consultations, respectively, with total cost saving of 24%.CONCLUSION In the current healthcare climate, there is increased need to optimize resource utilization. Dissemination of an algorithm for PCN management in an integrated health system resulted in fewer EUS and GI/surgery referrals, likely by aiding the physicians ordering imaging studies in the decision making for the management of PCNs. This translated to cost saving of 24%, 18%, and 36% for EUS, GI, and surgical consultations, respectively, with total diagnostic cost saving of 24%.

关键词： Pancreatic cyst Algorithm incorporation Pancreas Optimization of resource utilization fukuoka criteria Sendai criteria Pancreatic cancer Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Practice management Algorithm

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further compatibility tests of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium with conventional insecticide products for control of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci on poinsettia plants

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Insect Science 2008年第4期15卷 355-360页

作者： andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Lisa f. Blackburn Phil Northing Weiqi Luo Raymond J. C. Cannon Keith f. A. Waiters Central Science Laboratory Sand Hutton York Y041 1LZ UK

The effect on spore germination of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium following direct exposure for 24 h to the insecticides Majestik, Spray Oil, Agri- 50E, Savona and Oberon for the control of both egg and second instar stages of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, was determined. Exposure to both Agri-50E and Oberon was followed by acceptable spore germination. Infectivity rates ofL. muscarium on poinsettia foliage in the presence of dry residues of the insecticides were also investigated. No significant detrimental effects on the levels of control of B. tabaci were recorded compared with fungus applied to residue-free foliage. Sequential application of the chemicals Savona, Spray Oil and Majestik with the fungus all produced mortalities of second instar B. tabaci above 90%. Incorporation of these chemicals with L. muscarium into integrated control programs for B. tabaci is discussed.

关键词： entomopathogenic fungus integrated pest management insecticidecompatibility Lecanicillium muscarium

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Modified thin manual Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty with air-guided, non-pachymetric donor lenticule dissection: outcomes of graft thickness and complication rate

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第2期13卷 342-345页

作者： Abdo Karim Tourkmani andrew M J Turnbull Parwez N Hossain Aristides Konstantopoulos David f Anderson Cornea and External Eye Disease Service Department of OphthalmologyUniversity Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK.

●AIM:To describe a modified technique of donor lenticule dissection for thin manual Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty(TM-DSEK).●METHODS:Donor material was soaked in balanced salt solution(BSS)for 30 min,before being mounted on an artificial anterior chamber(AAC).Rather than BSS,the AAC was filled with filtered air,resulting in a visible reflection at the corneal endothelium-air *** reflection served as a landmark for the depth of the dissection,facilitating the creation of a thin lenticule with low risk of *** was commenced at a standardized depth of 500 microns,with no initial pachymetry *** 29 donor corneas were dissected by a novice TM-DSEK *** time,central graft thickness at 2 mo and complications were analysed.●RESULTS:Results were similar to other endothelial keratoplasty techniques,despite the cases being performed by a novice DSEK *** dissection time was 7 min(range 6-10).One graft perforation occurred(3.45%),but the air tamponaded the break and enabled dissection to be restarted and completed from a different *** central graft thickness after at least two months follow-up was 106 microns(range 25-170).●CONCLUSION:A problem with manual DSEK is the risk of graft perforation by attempting to dissect too thin a lenticule,or creating a thick graft due to fear of *** modified air-guided technique addresses this problem,and is recommended for surgeons either embarking on the learning curve,or who wish to achieve more consistently thin grafts while reducing perforation rates.

关键词： Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty manual donor lenticule dissection graft thickness

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