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Treatment of hemorrhoids: A survey of surgical practice in Australia and New Zealand

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第22期7卷 3742-3750页

作者： George e Fowler Javariah Siddiqui Assad Zahid Christopher John Young Department of Colorectal Surgery Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation TrustExeter EX25DWUnited Kingdom Department of Colorectal Surgery Royal Prince Alfred HospitalNewtown 2042NSWAustralia

BACKGROUND Hemorrhoidal disease is the most common anorectal *** can be classified as external or internal,according to their relation to the dentate *** hemorrhoids originate below the dentate line and are managed conservatively unless the patient cannot keep the perianal region clean,or they cause significant *** hemorrhoids originate above the dentate line and can be managed according to the graded degree of prolapse,as described by ***,low-grade internal hemorrhoids are effectively treated conservatively,by non-operative measures,while high-grade internal hemorrhoids warrant procedural *** To determine the application of clinical practice guidelines for the current management of hemorrhoids and colorectal surgeon consensus in Australia and New *** An online survey was distributed to 206 colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand using 17 guideline-based hypothetical clinical *** There were 82 respondents(40%)to 17 guideline-based ***(53%)reached consensus,of which only 1(6%)disagreed with the *** was based on low quality evidence for the management of acutely thrombosed external *** were 8 scenarios which showed community equipoise(47%)and they were equally divided for agreeing or disagreeing with the *** topics were based on low and moderate levels of *** included the initial management of grade I internal hemorrhoids,grade III internal hemorrhoids when initial management had failed and the patient had recognised risks factors for septic complications;and finally,the decision-making when considering patient preferences,including a prompt return to work,or minimal post-operative *** Although there are areas of consensus in the management of hemorrhoids,there are many areas of community equipoise which would benefit from further research.

关键词： Hemorrhoids Clinical practice guidelines Survey Consensus

Tunable nano Peltier cooling device from geometric effects using a single graphene nanoribbon

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Frontiers of physics 2014年第4期9卷 472-476页

作者： Wan-Ju Li Dao-Xin Yao e. W. Carlson Department of Physics Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

Based on the phenomenon of curvature-induced doping in graphene we propose a class of Peltier cooling devices, produced by geometrical effects, without gating. We show how a graphene nanorib- bon laid on an array of curved nano cylinders can be used to create a targeted and tunable cooling device. Using two different approaches, the Nonequilibrium Green＇s Function （NeGF） method and experimental inputs, we predict that the cooling kW/cm2, on par with the best known techniques power of such a device can approach the order of using standard superlattice structures. The structure proposed here helps pave the way toward designing graphene electronics which use geometry rather than gating to control devices.

关键词： Peltier cooling device graphene nanoribbon superlattice structure grapheneelectronics cooling power Nonequilibrium Green's Function (NI3Ge)

effect of tapping tools and date of tapping on Acacia polyacantha gum yield in South Kordofan State, Sudan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第1期22卷 117-122页

作者： Idris Musa Adam Kamal e.M. Fadl Agricultural Research Corporation Kadugli Research Station P.O. Box 10 Kadugli Sudan Agricultural Research Corporation El-Obied Research Station P.O. Box 429 El-Obied Sudan

A study was conducted in South Kordofan, Sudan to determine the effect of tapping, tapping tools and date of tapping on the gum yield of Acacia polyacantha. A two-factor experiment was conducted for two seasons in 2008-2009. One location was used for two seasons and two locations for one season. The first factor （4 levels） was the tools of tapping： Makmak, Farrar, and Sonki, and the control which was not tapped. The second factor （2 levels） was the date of tapping that comprises mid October and mid November. These treatments were arranged in Randomaized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. Gum yield （g/tree and g/ picking） was recorded for five pickings. economic analysis was done using the partial budget technique. The results showed highly significant （p 〈 0.01） differences on gum yield （g/picking and g/tree）. The results indicated that the process of tapping increases gum production by 88.4% and 79.8% compared with un-tapped trees, respectively. The date of tapping has no significant effect on gum yield （g/tree and g/picking） of A. polyacantha. Tapping of the tree with Makmak in mid- November was found to be economically beneficial compared to using the other tools and the control. These results could identify a new source of income for the poor farmers in South Kordofan mainly because of the wild occurrence of Kakamut as a potential gum producing tree species grown naturally in the area.

关键词： Acacia polyacantha date of tapping gum yield Kakamut South Kordofan tapping tools

Acidichromism of indolinospirooxazines in isopropanol

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Science China Chemistry 1997年第5期40卷 535-540页

作者：梁永超明阳福樊美公 Knobbe e.T. Institute of Photographic Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Chemistry Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater OK 74078-0447USA

1,3,3-tnmethyl-spiro[mdolino-2,3’-[2H]naphtho[2,1-b] [1,4]oxazine(SP1) and 1,3,3-trimen-thyl-9-methoxy-spiro[indolino2,3’-[2H]naphtho[2,1-b] [ 1,4]oxazine] (SP2) react with hydrochloric acid to form the complex SP HCl in isopropanol solution at room temperature The absorption maxima of these complexes are 440 and 463 nm respectively In acidic media,the opening form of spirooxazine can react with hydrochloric acid to form the complex PMC HCl via zwittenon form The absorption spectra of PMC HCl are obviously hypsochromic shifted compared with the reported spectra of the complex in neutral media In the mean time,the thermal stability of the complex is *** first order kinetics for the decoloration process of the acidichromic product of the opening form was determined and the lifetimes of these products are 180 and 200 s,respectively.

关键词： acidichromism photochromism spirooxazine absorption spectra

Climate variation, reproductive frequency and acorn yield in english Oaks

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Journal of Plant ecology 2019年第3期12卷 542-549页

作者： Mick e.Hanley Benjamin I.Cook Michael Fenner School of Biological and Marine Sciences University of PlymouthPlymouthUK NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New YorkNYUSA Ocean and Climate Physics Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryPalisadesNYUSA Centre for Biological Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

Aims Annually variable but synchronous production of large seed crops(‘masting’)is a widespread phenomenon in temperate *** concerns about the impacts of anthropogenic climate change(ACC)on plant reproduction gives urgency to our need to understand better the role of climate on tree reproduction,and in particular,mast *** our understanding of reproductive phenology however,there is little consensus regarding how climate affects plant reproductive effort or indeed the actual environmental triggers that underpin masting *** We used a 27-year record of acorn yield from a population of 12 Quercus robur trees located in southern england to compare mast-ing frequency and post-dispersal acorn yield each year for each tree,with long-term weather data over the same *** focussed on discrete or sequential climate cues(temperature,precipitation and frost days)as likely predictors of oak *** Findings Annual post-dispersal acorn crop varied greatly;*** acorns in 14 of the 27 years,but there was no sequential pattern of crop ver-sus non-crop years indicating that weather,rather than resource limitation alone,dictated the timing of *** years were instead most closely associated with relatively cool late sum-mer conditions in the preceding year,followed by anomalous sum-mer warmth within crop *** yield increased following dry April and above-average May and June temperatures within crop *** our results support a general association between warm late spring and summer conditions,and crop frequency and yield,respectively,the influence of cooler later summer conditions in the year prior to masting highlights how a combination of weather cues may dictate the occurrence of mast ***,our results corroborate not only the hypothesis that temperature differ-entials between consecutive years,not absolute temperatures,may be the better predictor of mast seeding events but lend support al

关键词： anthropogenic climate change environmental veto Moran effect Quercus robur reproductive effort

Multi-component synthesis of methylene bis isoxazolo[4,5-b]-pyridine-N-oxides

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2010年第8期21卷 927-930页

作者： e.Rajanarendar M.Nagi Reddy K.Rama Murthy Department of Chemistry Kakatiya University

A three component one-pot protocol was investigated for the synthesis of methylene bis isoxazolo[4,5-b]-pyridine-N-oxides from commercially available materials.

关键词： Multi-component synthesis Knoevenagel condensation Michael addition New methodology

Impact of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis on exercise and sports participation: Patient and parent perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第31期25卷 4493-4501页

作者： Renée M Marchioni Beery enju Li Laurie N Fishman Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition University of South FloridaTampaFL 33612United States Institutional Center of Clinical and Translational Research Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Division of Gastroenterology Boston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)may limit physical activity due to intestinal or extraintestinal manifestations,fatigue,or exercise *** sought to evaluate the influence of IBD diagnosis on exercise and sports participation in a pediatric *** compared patient-reported and parent-reported *** To evaluate the influence of IBD diagnosis on exercise and sports participation in a pediatric *** Consecutive IBD outpatients(aged 10-18 years)and their parents completed parallel voluntary surveys.A validated,patient-reported functional activity scale,the Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale(HSS Pedi-FABS)was used to assess children’s activity *** There were 149 completed surveys(75%response rate)with mean participant age of 16.5 years[standard deviation(SD)=4.0]and mean age at IBD diagnosis of 11.8 years(SD=3.4).Most patients(77%)were diagnosed within 12 mo of symptom *** athletic participation was reported in 65%across 65 *** was greatest before(40%)rather than after(32%)IBD diagnosis,with no reported change in 28%.IBD negatively impacted play/performance in 45%but did not change play/performance in 44%.IBD treatment improved patients’desire to exercise(70%)and subjective capacity for aerobic exercise(72%).Patients and parents agreed that IBD subjects demonstrate normal capacity for aerobic exercise(0.40,95%CI:0.22-0.58)and that treatment improved both participatory desire(0.33,95%CI:0.12-0.54)and capacity for aerobic exercise(0.52,95%CI:0.31-0.71).Almost all(99%)viewed exercise as healthy,and most encouraged its *** patients demonstrated normal mean HSS Pedi-FABS *** After pediatric IBD diagnosis,most patients continue exercise and sports,with mean activity levels comparable to American *** positively impacts participatory desire and aerobic *** favor the role of exercise in IBD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Physical activity exercise Sports

Input-output finite-time stability of time-varying linear singular systems

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2012年第3期10卷 287-291页

作者： Juan YAO Jun-e FeNG Lin SUN Yu ZHeNG School of Mathematics Shandong UniversityJinan Shandong 250100China

This paper studies the input-output finite-time stabilization problem for time-varying linear singular sys- tems. The output and the input refer to the controlled output and the disturbance input, respectively. Two classes of dis- turbance inputs are considered, which belong to L-two and L-infinity. Sufficient conditions are firstly provided which guarantee the input-output finite-time stability. Based on this, state feedback controllers are designed such that the resultant closed-loop systems are input-output finite-time stable. The conditions are presented in terms of differential linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an example is presented to show the validity of the proposed results.

关键词： Differential linear matrix inequality Finite-time stability Input-output Linear singular system

Current opinion on lymphadenectomy in pancreatic cancer surgery

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第1期10卷 21-25页

作者： Theodoros e Pavlidis efstathios T Pavlidis Athanasios K Sakantamis Second Surgical Propedeutical Department Medical SchoolAristotle University of ThessalonikiHippocration Hospital

BACKGROUND:Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas exhibits aggressive behavior in growth,inducing an extremely poor prognosis with an overall median 5-year survival rate of only 1%-4%.Curative resection is the only potential therapeutic opportunity. DATA SOURCeS:A PubMed search of relevant articles published up to 2009 was performed to identify information about the value of lymphadenectomy and its extent in curative resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. ReSULTS:Despite recent advances in chemotherapy,radio-therapy or even immunotherapy,surgery still remains the major factor that affects the *** initial promising performance in Japan gave conflicting results in Western countries for the extended and more radical pancreatectomy; it has failed to prove *** prospective,randomized trials on extended versus standard lymphadenectomy during pancreatic cancer surgery have shown no improvement in long-term survival by the extended *** exact lymph node status,including malignant spread and the total number retrieved as well as the lymph node ratio,is the most important prognostic *** lymph nodes after pancreatectomy are present in 70%.Paraaortic lymph node spread indicates poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS:Undoubtedly,a standard lymphadenectomy including>15 lymph nodes must be no longer preferred in patients with the usual head *** extended lymphadenectomy does not have any place,unless in randomized *** cases with body or tail location,the radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy gives promising ***,accurate localization and detailed examination of the resected specimen are required for better staging.

关键词： pancreatic carcinoma lymphadenectomy pancreatectomy curative resection pancreatoduodenectomy distal pancreatosplenectomy