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Inse.t Scie.ce 2012年第2期19卷 129-142页

作者： andrew j. Ross De.artme.t of Natural Scie.ce. National Museums Scotland Edinburgh UK

Vrsansky, （2000） conside.e. the.e.is de.re.sing variability in the.fore.ings of cockroache. through time. base. on a study of fossil and Re.e.t spe.ie.. This study te.ts his the.ry, base. on a study of four Re.e.t spe.ie. of cockroache.： Blatte.la ge.manica （Blatte.lidae., Polyphaga ae.yptiaca （Polyphagidae., She.forde.la late.alis （Blattidae. and Blabe.us craniife. （Blabe.idae.. The.ne. re.ults, base. on the.coe.ficie.t of variation （CV） of the.numbe. of ve.ns, indicate.that Re.e.t spe.ie. can be.more.variable.than fossil spe.ie. and the.e.ore.do not support the.the.ry. The.re.ults also show that at le.st 30 comple.e.wings of the.same.spe.ie. are.re.uire. for a re.iable.CV value.that is compa- rable.be.we.n spe.ie..

关键词： Blabe.idae Blatte.lidae Blattidae cockroach Polyphagidae variation

Source. and significance.of variation in basal,summit and maximal me.abolic rate. in birds

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Curre.t Zoology 2010年第6期56卷 741-758页

作者： andrew e. MCKe.HNIe.David L. SWANSON DST/NRF Ce.tre.of e.ce.le.ce.at the.Pe.cy FitzPatrick Institute Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of Pretoria De.artme.t of Biology University of South Dakota

The.rate. at which birds use.e.e.gy may have.profound e.fe.ts on fitne.s, the.e.y influe.cing physiology, be.avior, e.ology and e.olution. Comparisons of standardize. me.abolic rate. （e.g., lowe. and uppe. limits of me.abolic powe. output） pre.e.t a me.hod for e.ucidating the.e.fe.ts of e.ological and e.olutionary factors on the.inte.face.be.we.n physiology and life.history in birds. In this pape. we.re.ie. variation in avian me.abolic rate. [basal me.abolic rate.（BMR; minimum normothe.mic me.abolic rate., summit me.abolic rate.（Msum; maximal the.more.ulatory me.abolic rate., and maximal me.abolic rate.（MMR; maximal e.e.cise.me.abolic rate.], the.factors associate. with this variation, the.e.ide.ce.for functional links be.we.n the.e.me.abolic traits, and the.e.ological and e.olutionary significance.of avian me.abolic dive.sity. Both lowe. and uppe. limits to me.abolic powe. production are.phe.otypically fle.ible.traits, and vary in association with nume.ous e.ological and e.olutionary factors. For both inte.- and intraspe.ific comparisons, lowe. and uppe. limits to me.abolic powe. production are.ge.e.ally upre.ulate. in re.ponse.to e.e.ge.ically de.anding conditions and downre.ulate. whe. e.e.ge.ic de.ands are.re.axe., or unde. conditions of e.e.ge.ic scarcity. Positive.corre.ations have.be.n docume.te. be.we.n BMR, Msum and MMR in some. but not all studie. on birds, providing partial support for the.ide. of a functional link be.we.n lowe. and uppe. limits to me.abolic powe. production, but more.intraspe.ific studie. are.ne.de. to de.e.mine.the.robustne.s of this conclusion. Corre.ations be.we.n BMR and fie.d me.abolic rate.（or daily e.e.gy e.pe.diture. in birds are.variable. sugge.ting that the.linkage.be.we.n the.e.traits is subj.0}t to be.avioral adj.stme.t, and studie. of the.re.ationship be.we.n fie.d and maximal me.abolic rate. are.lacking. Our unde.standing of avian me.abolic dive.sity would be.e.it from future.studie. of：（1） the.functional and me.hanistic li

关键词： Phe.otypic fle.ibility Re.ction norms Basal me.abolic rate Maximal me.abolic rate Birds

Pre.icting Inte.diffusion in High Te.pe.ature.Coatings

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Tsinghua Scie.ce.and Te.hnology 2005年第6期10卷 704-708页

作者： j. e. Morral De.artme.t of Mate.ials Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA

Inte.diffusion can be.a maj.r cause.of failure.in coate. parts that se. se.vice.at e.e.ate. te.pe.ature.. Ways to me.sure.the.e.te.t of inte.diffusion and mathe.atical e.uations for pre.icting the.e.me.sure. are.give.. The.e.uations are.base. on the.e.ror function solution to the.diffusion e.uation and do not take.into account variations of the.diffusivity with composition. Also, whe. the.substrate.of the.coating is multiphase. the.e.uations do not take.into account the.pre.ipitate.morphology, but do take.into account that pre.ipitate. can act as sinks or source. of solute.as the.ave.age.composition of the.substrate.varie.. The.e.uations are.me.nt to be.alloy de.ign tools that indicate.how changing substrate.or coating che.istry will re.uce.the.e.te.t of inte.diffusion.

关键词： inte.diffusion high te.pe.ature.coatings multicompone.t diffusion multiphase.diffusion coating de.ign

De.e.opme.t and characte.ization of 3D-printe. e.e.troconductive.pHe.A-co-MAA NP-lade. hydroge.s for tissue.e.gine.ring

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Bio-De.ign and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 262-276页

作者： Sara De.Nitto Ale.sandra Se.afin Ale.andra Karadimou Achim Schmale.be.ge. j.hn j.e.ulvihill Maurice.N.Collins DIBRIS Polyte.hnic Inte.-School Se.tion University of Genoa16126 GenoaItaly School of e.gine.ring Bernal InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland School of Natural Scie.ce. Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland He.lth Re.e.rch Institute University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland AMBe. University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland

Tissue.e.gine.ring(Te.continue. to be.wide.y e.plore. as a pote.tial solution to me.t critical clinical ne.ds for dise.se. tissue.re.lace.e.t and tissue.*** this study,we.de.e.ope. a poly(2-hydroxye.hyl me.hacrylate.co-me.hacrylic acid)(pHe.A-co-MAA)base. hydroge. loade. with ne.ly synthe.ize. conductive.poly(3,4-e.hyle.e.dioxythiophe.e.(Pe.OT)and polypyrrole.PPy)nanoparticle.(NPs),and subse.ue.tly proce.se. the.e.hydroge.s into tissue.e.gine.re. constructs via thre.-dime.sional(3D)*** pre.e.ce.of the.NPs was critical as the. alte.e. the.rhe.logical prope.tie. during ***,all sample. e.hibite. suitable.she.r thinning prope.tie.,allowing for the.de.e.opme.t of an optimize. proce.sing window for 3D *** we.e.3D printe. into pre.de.e.mine. disk-shape. configurations of 2 and 10 mm in he.ght and diame.e.,*** obse.ve. that the.NPs disrupte. the.ge. crosslinking e.ficie.cie.,le.ding to shorte. de.radation time. and compre.sive.me.hanical prope.tie. ranging be.we.n 450 and 550 *** conductivity of the.printe. hydroge.s incre.se. along with the.NP conce.tration to(5.10±0.37)×10^(−7)S/*** vitro studie. with cortical astrocyte.ce.l culture. de.onstrate. that e.posure.to the.pHe.A-co-MAA NP hydroge.s yie.de. high ce.lular viability and prolife.ation ***,hydroge. antimicrobial studie. with staphylococcus e.ide.midis bacte.ia re.e.le. that the.de.e.ope. hydroge.s affe.te. bacte.ial *** toge.he.,the.e.mate.ials show promise.for various Te.strate.ie..

关键词： Conductive.nanoparticle. Hydroxye.hyl me.hacrylate.He.A) Ultraviole.(UV)polyme.ization 3D printing

e.antiose.e.tive.iridium-catalyze. allylic substitution with a Re.ormatsky re.ge.t: dire.t construction of β-ste.e.ge.ic homoallylic e.te.s

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Scie.ce.China Che.istry 2024年

作者： De.asis Pal Kirana D.Ve.ranna Yuk Fai Wong P.andrew e.ans De.artme.t of Che.istry Queen's University(Canada) Xiangya School of Pharmace.tical Scie.ce. Central South University

The.Re.ormatsky re.ge.t de.ive. from e.hyl bromoace.ate.circumve.ts the.challe.ge.associate. with the.dire.t re.io-and e.antiose.e.tive.iridium-catalyze. allylic alkylation with an unstabilize. aliphatic e.te. e.olate. Notably, this work re.re.e.ts the.first e.ample.of using a Re.ormatsky re.ge.t in a me.al-allyl re.ction, which pe.mits the.dire.t construction of e.antioe.riche. β-ste.e.ge.ic homoallylic e.te.s without pre.ctivation of the.pronucle.phile.or post-re.ction modification of the.product(e.g., the.mal de.arboxylation of a 1,3-dicarbonyl). More.ve., the.proce.s allows the.coupling of a broad range.of ste.ically and e.e.tronically dive.se.e.e.trophile. be.ring aryl, he.e.oaryl and alke.yl de.ivative., including the.significantly more.challe.ging alkyl-substitute. allylic carbonate.. The.ve.satility of the.e.te. product is e.e.plifie. by a se.ie. of functional group manipulations and the.de.e.opme.t of a concise.and e.ficie.t e.antiose.e.tive.total synthe.is of the.natural product,(+)-de.curainolide.A. Finally, me.hanistic studie. indicate.that the.zinc e.olate.be.ave. as a soft nucle.phile.that unde.goe. oute.-sphe.e.alkylation.

关键词：

Cove.ing Your Base.： Inhe.itance.of DNA Me.hylation in Plant Ge.ome.

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Mole.ular Plant 2014年第3期7卷 472-480页

作者： Chad e. Nie.e.huth Robe.t j. Schmitz De.artme.t of Ge.e.ics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Cytosine.me.hylation is an important base.modification that is inhe.ite. across mitotic and me.otic ce.l divisions in plant ge.ome.. He.itable.me.hylation variants can contribute.to within-spe.ie. phe.otypic variation. Fe. me.hylation variants we.e.known until re.e.tly, making it possible.to be.in to addre.s maj.r unanswe.e. que.tions： the.e.te.t of natural me.hylation variation within plant ge.ome., its e.fe.ts on phe.otypic variation, its de.re. of de.e.d- e.ce.on ge.otype. and how it fits into an e.olutionary conte.t. Te.hnique. like.whole.ge.ome.bisulfite.se.ue.cing （WGBS） make.it possible.to de.e.mine.cytosine.me.hylation state. at single.base.re.olution across e.tire.ge.ome. and populations. Application of this me.hod to natural and nove. e.pe.ime.tal populations is re.e.ling answe.s to the.e.long-standing que.tions about the.role.of DNA me.hylation in plant ge.ome..

关键词： DNA me.hylation e.ige.e.ics e.ialle.e whole.ge.ome.bisulfite.se.ue.cing.

De.radation and re.ynthe.is of chlorophyll during incre.se. oxidative.stre.s and prolonge. darkne.s diffe. be.we.n annual and pe.e.nial flax(Linum L.)

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Oil Crop Scie.ce 2024年第2期9卷 121-130页

作者： Ke.yon j. Nisbe.t Abida Alokozai Su Hyun e.izabe.h Ko G. Adam Mott j.son C.L. Browna De.artme.t of Biological Scie.ce. University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada De.artme.t of Ce.l&Syste.s Biology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Ce.tre.for the.Analysis of Ge.ome.e.olution&Function University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Among plants,the.e.is conside.able.variation in life.pan:annuals live.le.s than one.ye.r,whe.e.s pe.e.nials live.for se.e.al ye.rs,with the.longe.t-living pe.e.nial having survive. 43,600 *** propose. by the.Disposable.Soma The.ry,this life.pan variation among plants like.y re.le.ts diffe.e.tial inve.tme.t of limite. e.e.gy and nutrie.t re.ource.,with pe.e.nials inve.ting more.e.e.gy and nutrie.ts into biomole.ular mainte.ance.compare. to annuals in orde. to e.sure.pe.siste.ce.ove. multiple.*** diffe.e.tial inve.tme.t may be.particularly important during pe.iods of e.oge.ous stre.s,which are.known to acce.e.ate.biomole.ular *** pre.e.t study e.aluate. this hypothe.is using annual and pe.e.nial flax(Linum L.)subj.0}te. to two e.oge.ous stre.sors—incre.se. oxidative.stre.s(i.e.,foliar H2O2spraying)and comple.e.prolonge. *** chlorophyll has be.n shown to e.hibit de.radation in re.ponse.to change. in e.vironme.tal conditions,we.utilize. change. in chlorophyll le.e.s during and afte. pe.iods of e.oge.ous stre.s to e.aluate.our *** pre.icte. that i)pe.e.nials would e.hibit a slowe. rate.of chlorophyll de.radation during e.posure.to e.oge.ous stre.sors compare. to annuals,and ii)pe.e.nials would e.hibit a faste. rate.of chlorophyll re.ynthe.is following such e.posure.compare. to *** le.e.s be.ore.during,and afte. e.posure.to both e.oge.ous stre.sors we.e.me.sure. in two se.arate.trails,once.using image.colour analysis and once.using *** chlorophyll de.radation rate. in re.ponse.to oxidative.stre.s did not diffe. be.we.n annuals and pe.e.nials,contrary to our pre.ictions,chlorophyll re.ynthe.is rate. following such e.posure.we.e.significantly highe. in pe.e.nials,as *** plants we.e.subj.0}te. to comple.e.prolonge. darkne.s,chlorophyll de.radation rate. we.e.significantly lowe. in pe.e.nials than annuals,as pre.icte.;howe.e.,whe. plants we.e.subse.ue.tly re.ntroduce. to natural photope.iod,ch

关键词： Age.ng Life.history Maximum life.pan Oxidative.stre.s Somatic mainte.ance

The.modynamic Foundation for High Te.pe.ature.e.e.troche.istry

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Che.ical Re.e.rch in Chine.e.Unive.sitie. 2004年第4期20卷 494-500页

作者： ZHANG W. e. A. Charle. j. Congle.on Corrosion Re.e.rch Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon TyneCorrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon TyneCorrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK NE1 7RU UKNE1 7RU UK

The.modynamic conce.ts re.uire. for the.the.modynamic calculation of the.pote.tials of e.e.trode. for high te.pe.ature.applications are.brie.ly re.ie.e.. A the.modynamic approach to the.calculation of half ce.l pote.tials and the.standard che.ical pote.tial of an e.e.tron at high te.pe.ature. which are.re.ate. to the.Standard Hydroge. e.e.trode.SHe. is discusse.. As e.ample., an e.te.nal Ag/AgCl re.e.e.ce.e.e.trode.and a YSZ(Ag|O_2) pH se.sor for high te.pe.ature.applications are.analyze. by using the.the.modynamic approach to de.ive.a high te.pe.ature.pH me.sure.e.t e.uation. The.two e.e.trode. are.e.ploye. to me.sure.high te.pe.ature.pH and the.me.sure. pH was compare. with the.calculate. pH by using a solution che.istry me.hod. Conce.ts and principle. for e.e.trode.kine.ics are.also brie.ly introduce. and a modification to the.Tafe. e.uations is sugge.te..

关键词： High te.pe.ature.pote.tial Half ce.l pote.tial e.te.nal Ag/AgCl re.e.e.ce.e.e.trode Standard che.ical pote.tial of an e.e.tron High te.pe.ature.pH se.sor.

He.lthcare.Se.vice. Inte.ope.ability in Ke.ya: Challe.ge. and Opportunitie.

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e.He.lth Te.e.ommunication Syste.s and Ne.works 2024年第1期13卷 1-11页

作者： Antony G. Musabi andrew Kiprop Kipke.ut De.artme.t of Compute. Scie.ce Kabarak University Nakuru Kenya

In an atte.pt to asse.s the.Ke.yan he.lthcare.syste., this study looks at the.curre.t e.forts that are.alre.dy in place. what challe.ge. the. face. and what strate.ie. can be.put into practice.to foste. inte.ope.ability. By re.ie.ing a varie.y of lite.ature.and using statistics, the.pape. asce.tains notable.impe.ime.ts such as the.abse.ce.of standard protocols, lack of ade.uate.te.hnological infrastructure. and we.k re.ulatory frame.orks. Re.ultant e.fe.ts from the.e.challe.ge. re.arding he.lth provision targe. e.hance. data sharing and me.ging for be.te. patie.t outcome. and allocation of re.ource.. It also highlights se.e.al opportunitie. that include.the.adoption of e.e.ging te.hnologie., and the.e.tablishme.t of public-private.partne.ships to stre.gthe. the.he.lthcare.frame.ork among othe.s. In this re.ard, the.article.provide. re.omme.dations base. on stake.olde. vie.s and global be.t practice. addre.se. to policymake.s, me.ical practitione.s, and IT spe.ialists conce.ne. with achie.ing e.fe.tive.inte.ope.ability within Ke.ya’s he.lth syste.. This re.e.rch is re.e.ant be.ause.it adds knowle.ge.to the.e.isting lite.ature.on how he.lthcare.quality can be.improve. to make.it more.patie.t-ce.te.e. e.pe.ially in Ke.ya.

关键词： He.lthcare.Se.vice. Inte.ope.ability Data e.change

Supramole.ular Polyme.ization of Hydroge.-Bonde. Trime.s in Bulk and Aque.us Me.ium

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CCS Che.istry 2024年第6期6卷 1458-1465页

作者： Fre.k V.de.Graaf Ste. A.H.j.nse. Sandra M.C.Schoe.make.s Bas van Ge.abe.k Marle.e.j.Vle.ge.s Bart W.L.van de. Be.sse.aar e.W.Me.j.0} Ghislaine.Vantomme Institute.for Comple. Mole.ular Syste.s Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryEindhoven University of Technology5600 MBEindhoven School of Che.istry and RNA Institute University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052

Synthe.ic mole.ule. that form functional noncovale.t asse.blie. in wate. have.re.e.ve. much atte.tion for the.r pote.tial applications as *** this work,we.introduce.a nove. wate.-compatible.monome. base. on the.phthalhydrazide.moie.y that asse.ble. into hydroge.-bonde. trime.ic *** bulk,the.mate.ial e.hibits a cylindrical nanostructure.in the.liquid-crystalline.phase.at e.e.ate. te.pe.ature.,morphologically distinct from the.crystalline.lame.lar *** wate.,the.e.mole.ule. e.fe.tive.y form cylinde.s in a one.dime.sional fashion,yie.ding fibrous *** formation of the.e.supramole.ular polyme.s follows a coope.ative.me.hanism,as e.ide.ce. by de.aturation *** trime.ize. patte.n re.re.e.ts a ne. cate.ory of aque.us su pramole.ular polyme.s with future.prospe.ts for functional comple. mole.ular syste.s.

关键词： noncovale.t che.istry supramole.ular polyme.s hydroge. bonding coope.ativity nanostructure