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Lesson Learned from COVID-19 Retrospective Study: An Entropy-Based Clinical-Interpretable Scorecard for Mortality Risk Control at ICU Admission

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 34-45页

作者： Chong yao Chonghui Huangqi Anpeng Huang Laboratory of Network Information Security Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China andrew and Erna Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AnglesCA 90089USA Beijing Goodwill Information and Technology Co. Ltd.and Mobile Health LaboratoryPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

With severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spreading globally and causing 2019 coronavirus disease(COVID-19),a challenge that we unprepared for was about how to optimally plan and distribute limited top-medical resources for patients in need of urgent care.To address this challenge,physicians desperately needed a scientific tool to methodically differentiate between cases with varying severity.In this study,the unique data of COVID-19 intensive care unit(ICU)patients provided by the national medical team in Wuhan were classified into discrete and continuous variable types.All continuous data were discretized using an entropy-based method and transformed into serial information margins,in which each information margin is related to a specific symptom or clinical meaning.Finally,all these native and processed discrete data were used to configure a readable scorecard through logistic regression,which is the desired scientific tool aforementioned.A total of 322 ICU patients(age:[median:64,interquartile range:54-75],males:178[55.28%],and death:72[22.36%])were included in the study.Probabilities of mortality in COVID-19 patients can be evaluated using a scorecard model(calibration slope:1.343,Brier:0.048,Dxy=0.972,and population stability index=0.071),with desired model performances(accuracy=0.948,area under curve=0.99,sensitivity=1,and specificity=0.939).This new model can interpret clinical meanings from complex data,and compare it with existing machine learning methods through a black-box mechanism.This new data-information model answers a critical question of how a computing algorithm produces clinically meaningful results that will help physicians logically allocate medical resources for COVID-19 patients.Notably,this tool has limitations,giving that this research is a retrospective study.Hopefully,this tool will be tested further and optimized for adaptation to similar clinical cases in the future.

关键词： COVID-19 scorecard clinical-interpretable machine learning ICU admission control

Overview of the Third Global Forum

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计算机教育 2024年第3期 5-9页

作者： andrew yao Xia Yin Jia Jia Guoliang Li Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences Tsinghua University Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University

Computer science continues to grow at a rapid pace,raising the issue of how universities can best adapt to this trend.At the third Global Forum on the Development of Computer Science(GFDCS),five heads of departments of computer science from Asia,Europe,and North America came together to exchange ideas under the theme Challenges and Opportunities of Computer Science in the New Era.Through the discussions,a number of new challenges were explored,including how to meet the growing demand for computer science education,how to manage increased teaching loads,how to foster collaboration between computer science and other disciplines,how to raise ethical awareness,and how to support new“transdisciplinary”modes of education and research.At the same time,there was a consensus on the need to strengthen the role of computer science in other departments,the importance of industrial collaboration,and the need for more scalable approaches to teaching.The evolving role of computer science within the context of broader science was also discussed.

关键词： Global Forum on the Development of Computer Science Challenges and Opportunities of Computer Science Transdisciplinary Computer Science education and research

Panel Discussion on“Development Trends of Computer Science in the New Era”

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计算机教育 2024年第3期 26-29页

作者： andrew yao Nancy M.Amato Ann Copestake Sukyoung Ryu Yike Guo Yaqin Zhang Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Department of Computing University of IllinoisUrbana61801U.S Department of Computer Science and Technology University of CambridgeCambridgeCB30FDUK Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST) Yuseong-gu Daejeon34141Korea Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong999077China Institute for AI Industry Research(AIR) Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

At the panel session of the 3rd Global Forum on the Development of Computer Science,attendees had an opportunity to deliberate recent issues affecting computer science departments as a result of the recent growth in the field.6 heads of university computer science departments participated in the discussions,including the moderator,Professor andrew yao.The first issue was how universities are managing the growing number of applicants in addition to swelling class sizes.Several approaches were suggested,including increasing faculty hiring,implementing scalable teaching tools,and working closer with other departments through degree programs that integrate computer science with other fields.The second issue was about the position and role of computer science within broader science.Participants generally agreed that all fields are increasingly relying on computer science techniques,and that effectively disseminating these techniques to others is a key to unlocking broader scientific progress.

关键词： Development trends Computer science

One-step nanoarchitectonics of a multiple functional hydrogel based on cellulose nanocrystals for effective tumor therapy

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Nano Research 2022年第9期15卷 8636-8647页

作者： Tianxing Chen Tengteng yao Hui Pan Hui Peng andrewKWhittaker yao Li Shenmin Zhu Zhaoyang Wang State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai Tenth People’s HospitalTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011China Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Hypoxia is a huge barrier for the development of photodynamic therapy(PDT).Chemodynamic therapy(CDT)could provide a possible solution to this dilemma.In this work,a controlled Schiff-base reaction was conducted between amido groups on the surface of carbon dots(CDs)and aldehyde groups on aldehyde-modified cellulose nanocrystals(mCNCs)as well as aldehydemCNCs decorated with Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles.In this process,the mCNCs not only prevent the agglomeration of Fe_(3)O_(4)but also form hydrogels with CDs.The CDs act as both photothermal agent and photosensitizer.The hypoxia could be effectively relieved through the Fenton reaction due to the addition of Fe_(3)O_(4),and the·OH produced in the reaction further induces CDT and enhances tumor therapy efficiency.The therapy performance was further verified through in vitro cell experiments and in vivo animal experiments.This convenient method provides inspirations for the design and preparation of advanced biomaterials with multiple functions for cancer therapy.

关键词： injectable hydrogel tumor therapy carbon dots cellulose nanocrystals magnetic nanoparticles

Re-evaluating the role of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in cancer progression

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2018年第2期32卷 81-90页

作者： andrew Sulaiman Zemin yao Lisheng Wang Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa china-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology University of Ottawa Regenerative Medicine Program Ottawa Hospital Research Institute

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT） and mesenchymal-epithelial transition（MET） are essential for embryonic development and also important in cancer progression. In a conventional model, epithelial-like cancer cells transit to mesenchymal-like tumor cells with great motility via EMT transcription factors; these mesenchymallike cells migrate through the circulation system, relocate to a suitable site and then convert back to an epithelial-like phenotype to regenerate the tumor. However, recent findings challenge this conventional model and support the existence of a stable hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal（E/M） tumor population. Hybrid E/M tumor cells exhibit both epithelial and mesenchymal properties, possess great metastatic and tumorigenic capacity and are associated with poorer patient prognosis. The hybrid E/M model and associated regulatory networks represent a conceptual change regarding tumor metastasis and organ colonization. It may lead to the development of novel treatment strategies to ultimately stop cancer progression and improve disease-free survival.

关键词： Epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT） mesenchymal-epithelial transition（MET） hybrid EMT/MET cancer metastasis

Dietary fibre basics: Health, nutrition, analysis, and applications

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第1期1卷 47-59页

作者： yao Olive Li andrew R.Komarek Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science California State Polytechnic UniversityPomona ANKOMTechnology Corporation MacedonNew YorkUSA

Over the past decades,dietary fibre(DF)has been well studied with abundant evidence on its health benefits.Advances in nutritional studies always lead the way followed by the food applications.Food scientists and technologists then explored the applications of DF in a variety of food products through examination and utilization of fibres from various conventional and uncommon sources including agro-food processing by-products.However,the current intake levels of fibre and fibrerich foods are still far below recommended values in most nations worldwide.In addition,research is needed to substantiate different mechanistic effects of intrinsic,intact fibres presented originally in the food matrix and the isolated,refined fibre added back to the novel food products.Standardized quantification methods for DF are needed for various reasons including broad range of sources,complicated chemical structures,and ever-changing definitions from various regulatory bodies.On the other hand,there are more consumer demands for clean labels or precise information on daily values(DV%),alongside more restricted regulations for certain nutritional claims such as‘high fibre’.It is clear that all these demands create a practical pressure on professionals working in the food industry,particularly at quality assurance(QA)positions,on how to obtain reliable data from DF analysis to meet regulatory and labelling requirements.Fortunately,with the most recent Codex definition and advanced instruments that are capable to automate the analytical procedures and produce consistent results,it is foreseeable that global harmonization on DF studies can be achieved.Meanwhile,advanced processing technologies such as dry fractionation,enzymatic conversion,and micronization present promising opportunities for R&D professionals to advance the DF utilization and applications in functional food development.

关键词： dietary fibre health benefits technological functionality fibre-mineral interaction fibre analysis label claims and regulations

Coordinated regulation of plant immunity by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and K63-linked ubiquitination

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Molecular Plant 2021年第12期14卷 2088-2103页

作者： Dongsheng yao Marcus A.Arguez Ping He andrew F.Bent Junqi Song Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Dallas Texas A&M University SystemDallasTX 75252USA Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation(PARylation)is a posttranslational modification reversibly catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases(PARPs)and poly(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolases(PARGs)and plays a key role in multi-ple cellular processes.The molecular mechanisms by which PARylation regulates innate immunity remain largely unknown in eukaryotes.Here we show that Arabidopsis UBC13A and UBC13B,the major drivers of lysine 63(K63)-linked polyubiquitination,directly interact with PARPs/PARGs.Activation of pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)-triggered immunity promotes these interactions and enhances PARylation of UBC13.Both parp1 parp2 and ubc13a ubc13b mutants are compromised in immune responses with increased accumulation of total pathogenesis-related(PR)proteins but decreased accu-mulation of secreted PR proteins.Protein disulfide-isomerases(PDIs),essential components of endo-plasmic reticulum quality control(ERQC)that ensure proper folding and maturation of proteins destined for secretion,complex with PARPs/PARGs and are PARylated upon PAMP perception.Significantly,PARylation of UBC13 regulates K63-linked ubiquitination of PDIs,which may further promote their disulfide isomerase activities for correct protein folding and subsequent secretion.Taken together,these results indicate that plant immunity is coordinately regulated by PARylation and K63-linked ubiquitination.

关键词： UBC13 PARP1 PARP2 PDI poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation K63-linked ubiquitination secretory pathway PAMP-triggered immunity systemic acquired resistance

Panel Discussion on“ The Role of Computer Science in University Development Strategy”

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计算机教育 2022年第12期 186-189页

作者： andrew yao Daniel Huttenlocher Michael Huth Mohan Kankanhalli Jun Murai Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Schwarzman College of Computing MITUS. Department of Computing Imperial College LondonUK School of Computing NUSSingapore. Faculty of Environment and Information Studies at Keio University

At the end of the keynotes during the second Global Forum of Development of Computer Science,a panel discussion was held to encourage further discussion on ways for universities to adapt to the rapidly changing computer science field.Five deans of top computer science departments participated,including the moderator.The discussions were guided along three topics,namely the role of computer science departments in universities today,the nature of computer science as a fundamental discipline or an applied one,and computer science education.Out of these topics,the panelists mainly focused on the interdisciplinary nature of computer science in teaching,research,and industry.The panelists agreed about ways to prepare for the interdisciplinary future,for example by establishing new research centers,introducing projectbased curricula,and collaborating with industry while keeping the campus vibrant.They also pointed out that universities may be under equipped for preparing future professionals to keep up with rapid new advances,especially in machine learning and artificial intelligence.

关键词： Computer Science College Education University Social Responsibility

Overview of the Second Global Forum on Development of Computer Science

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计算机教育 2022年第12期 171-172页

作者： andrew yao Xia Yin Yiqun Liu Guoliang Li Dean of the Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences at Tsinghua University Dean of the Department of Computer Science and Technology at Tsinghua University

To explore the nature of computer science and promote the development of the computer science discipline,Tsinghua University organized a global forum during the 60th anniversary of the Department of Computer Science and Technology at Tsinghua.The forum aimed to bring together leaders of the top computer science departments in the world to discuss the fundamentals of computer science,improve the quality of talent cultivation,and promote the development of the global computer science discipline.

关键词： computer Computer discipline