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Qualitative Assessment of Postharvest Stomata and chloroplast Degradation in contrasting Abscission Resistant Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1009-1028页

作者： Gaye MacDonald Rajasekaran R. Lada c. D. caldwell chibuike c. Udenigwe mason T. Maconald Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Bible Hill Canada School of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada

Balsam fir is an important christmas tree species, especially in eastern canada. The natural christmas tree industry faces a challenge in postharvest needle abscission. Though there have been many studies describing the physiological triggers and consequences in postharvest balsam fir, there have been no studies describing morphological or ultrastructural changes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine changes in stomata and chloroplast of postharvest needles. Branches were collected from low and high needle abscission resistance balsam fir genotypes, placed in water, and displayed in typical household conditions for 11 weeks. Needle abscission, chlorophyll fluorescence, and water uptake were monitored throughout. Needles stomata and chloroplasts were examined under a scanning and transmission electron microscope, respectively, each week. All branches had increased abscission, decreased chlorophyll fluorescence, and decreased water uptake over time. Needle surfaces accumulated fungal hyphae, especially in stomata. chloroplasts demonstrated some dysfunction within two weeks, with notable decreases in chloroplast starch and increases in plastoglobulins. Within several weeks thylakoid membranes had been dismantled as chloroplasts transformed into gerontoplasts. All biophysical and structural changes were more pronounced in low needle abscission resistant genotypes. This research identifies a potential role for needle fungi in postharvest needle abscission and confirms the postharvest senescence of chloroplasts. Though it was previously speculated that chloroplasts must senesce postharvest, this study identifies how quickly this process occurs and that it occurs at different rates in contrasting genotypes.

关键词： Abies balsamea Balsam Fir christmas Tree Fluorescence Needle Abscission Resistance Scanning Electron Transmission Electron

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Understanding the agronomic impacts of defoliation strategies in“Bulldog 805”Alfalfa+“Tifton 85”bermudagrass mixed stands

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Grassland Research 2023年第4期2卷 251-259页

作者： Lisa L.Baxter Justin c.Burt Mary Kimberly Mullenix Sydney L.Payne Kaylyn R.Reagin Katie M.mason chris G.Prevatt Jennifer J.Tucker Department of crop and Soil Science University of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA Department of Animal Science Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA Department of Animal Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA Beef cattle and Forage commodity Director Alabama Farmers Federation MontgomeryMontgomeryAlabamaUSA Department of Animal and Dairy Science University of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA

Background:The incorporation of legumes,specifically alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.),into bermudagrass(cynodon spp.)-based pasture systems in the southeastern United States has increased in recent years as an alternative to synthetic nitrogen(N)***:A small plot evaluation was conducted in Shorter,Alabama,and Tifton,Georgia,USA,to evaluate the impact of harvest height(HH)and harvest frequency(HF)on agronomic characteristics of alfalfa+bermudagrass mixtures in southeastern United ***:Results from both locations revealed that the longer the HF and the shorter the HH,the greater the alfalfa retention was in the stand(pct any of the reported nutritive value parameters,while longer HF resulted in lower total digestible nutrients,lower crude protein,higher acid detergent fiber,and lower 48 h in vitro dry matter digestibility(pcted forage accumulation at both locations(pch location,while longer frequencies generally increased forage ***:This research confirmed recent findings from comparable evaluations in the southeastern United States,in that increasing HH and decreasing HF improved alfalfa retention while having a negligible effect on nutritive value or forage accumulation.

关键词： alfalfa+bermudagrass mixtures defoliation management forage management

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木薯与豇豆和木薯与花生间作的养分浓度和吸收量

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热带作物译丛 1988年第5期 30-36页

作者： S.c.mason 王圣俊

木薯与豇豆或与花生间作对植株的养分浓度和吸收的影响鲜为人知。本研究旨在比较间作和单作的木薯、豇豆和花生植株各部分的养分浓度以及测定木薯间作豇豆或间作花生的氮、磷、钾吸收量。试验结果表明,间作物吸收的养分比单作的多,导致... 详细信息

木薯与豇豆或与花生间作对植株的养分浓度和吸收的影响鲜为人知。本研究旨在比较间作和单作的木薯、豇豆和花生植株各部分的养分浓度以及测定木薯间作豇豆或间作花生的氮、磷、钾吸收量。试验结果表明,间作物吸收的养分比单作的多,导致土壤的天然肥力破坏更快,因而需要增施肥料。

关键词：养分浓度花生品种花生植株间作物变差系数种植方式氮浓度钾吸收生理成熟期钾浓度

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The Use and Exchange of Biological control Agents for Food and Agriculture

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中国生物防治学报 2010年第S1期26卷 123-127页

作者： J.c.van Lenteren M.J.W.cock J.Brodeur B.Barratt F.Bigler K.Bolckmans F.Haas P.G.mason J.R.P.Parra Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box80316700 EH WageningenNetherlands cABI Europe-Switzerland Rue des Grillons 1CH-2800 DelémontSwitzerland Institut de recherche en biologie végétale Universitéde Montréal4101rue Sher-brooke EstMontréal(Québec)Canada AgResearch Limited Invermay Agricultural CentrePuddle AlleyPrivate Bag 50034Mos-gielNew Zealand Agroscope Reckenholz-Tanikon Research Station ART Reckenholzstrasse 191CH-8046 ZurichSwitzerland Koppert B.V. Veilingweg 14Postbus 1552650 AD Berkel en RodenrijsThe Netherlands Icipe Duduville CampusKasaraniP.O.Box30772-00100NairobiKenya Agriculture and Agri-Food canada Research CentreK.W.Neatby Building960 Carling AvenueOttawaOntario K1A0C6Canada Departamento de Entomologia Fitopatologia e Zoologia AgrícolaESALQ/USP.Caixa Postal0913418-900 Piracicaba-SPBrazil

The report sets out to summarize the past and current situation regarding the practice of biologicalcontrol inrelationtothe use and exchange of genetic resources relevant for *** considers the twomain categories of biological control:classical and *** access to BcAs for use inanother country imposes no risk of liability to the source *** scientific knowledge abouthabitats,fauna andflora,can be

关键词： The Use and Exchange of Biological control Agents for Food and Agriculture

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标准法、寒冷法、四唑鎓法发芽检验对受机械损伤大豆种子田间出苗的估计

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种子 1984年第3期 69-72页

作者： mason S.c. 刘启鑫

通常利用大豆种子室内发芽检验,估计种子在田间确保密度的能力。标准法发芽检验常用来测定大豆种子生活力。在几乎理想的条件下,这种检验准确地估计了田间出苗(Egli等,1979)。但在气候寒冷、土壤潮湿等不利田间条件下,这种检验往往过高... 详细信息

通常利用大豆种子室内发芽检验,估计种子在田间确保密度的能力。标准法发芽检验常用来测定大豆种子生活力。在几乎理想的条件下,这种检验准确地估计了田间出苗(Egli等,1979)。但在气候寒冷、土壤潮湿等不利田间条件下,这种检验往往过高估计田间出苗率(Athow等,1974)。为更好地估计不利条件下的田间出苗特性,已设计了几种“生活力”检验方法。其中寒

关键词：机械损伤田间出苗率发芽率生活力大豆种子

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英国水獭体内的有机氯残留

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农业环境与发展 1987年第3期 32-33页

作者： c.F.mason 周家祺

当前英国和欧洲的水獭数量急剧减少,在30年前还曾广泛分布水獭的许多地区现在已经绝迹(Macdonald,1983)。从获得的资料分析中可以看出,英国水獭数量的减少,始于本世纪五十年代中期。chanin 和 Jeffe-ries(1978)认为,这是由于农业上使用... 详细信息

当前英国和欧洲的水獭数量急剧减少,在30年前还曾广泛分布水獭的许多地区现在已经绝迹(Macdonald,1983)。从获得的资料分析中可以看出,英国水獭数量的减少,始于本世纪五十年代中期。chanin 和 Jeffe-ries(1978)认为,这是由于农业上使用异狄氏剂造成的。从1963—1973年对31只水獭

关键词：水獭有机氯异狄氏剂英国大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国

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木薯与豇豆和木薯与花生间作的产量与土地利用率

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世界热带农业信息 1988年第6期 35-38页

作者： S.c.mason 钟起兴

木薯和豇豆或花生间作对土地利用率和产量的影响鲜为人知。本研究旨在测定木薯、豇豆、花生在间作和单作时的土地利用率、产量和产量组分。木薯和豇豆或木著和花生间作使木薯减产2.3—4.7吨/公顷(1982年木薯和豇豆间作的结果除外)。198... 详细信息

木薯和豇豆或花生间作对土地利用率和产量的影响鲜为人知。本研究旨在测定木薯、豇豆、花生在间作和单作时的土地利用率、产量和产量组分。木薯和豇豆或木著和花生间作使木薯减产2.3—4.7吨/公顷(1982年木薯和豇豆间作的结果除外)。1981年豇豆在与木薯间作时的产量比单作的产量少1025公斤/公顷,1982年减少899公斤/公顷。两年平均,花生在与木薯间作时的产量比单作的产量减少806公斤/公顷。尽管各种作物因间种而减产,但木薯与豇豆和木薯与花生间作制度在11个月生长期间的土地利用率却比单作制度高15—35％。这对于人均可耕地少的发展中国家确是很重要。

关键词：木薯虹豆薯类作物花生产量豇豆豆类蔬菜

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A preliminary quantitative reconstruction of precipitation in southern Mu Us sandy land at margin of Asian monsoon-dominated region during late Quaternary

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第3期25卷 301-310页

作者： cHEN Yingyong LU Huayu YI Shuangwen ZHANG Enlou XU Zhiwei YU Kaifeng Joseph A. mason School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Jiangsu collaborative Innovation center for climate change Nanjing 210023 China State Key Laboratory of lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology CAS Nanjing 210008 China Department of Geography University of Wisconsin Madison Wl 53706 USA

We present the first quantitative estimation of monsoon precipitation during the late glaciaI-Holocene in the sandy land of northern china, based on organic carbon isotopic composition data from a loess-sand sequence at margin of the Mu Us sandy land. We use the relationship between monsoon precipitation and the carbon isotopic composition of modern soils as an analogue, with a minor modification, to reconstruct precipitation back to c. 47 ka ago. The preliminary results indicate that annual monsoon precipitation was high after 8 ka, with an average of 435 mm; and it decreased during 18 and 8 ka with a mean value of 194 mm. The precipitation value of 47-18 ka varied between the two. We compare the recon- structed precipitation with other records and paleoclimatic modeling results, showing that our record agrees with reconstructions of the monsoon precipitation from other sources, even capturing short climatic events such as the Younger Dryas. We suggest that solar irradiance, high-latitude temperature/ice volume and local evaporation have together modified moistures in the sandy land.

关键词： quantitative reconstruction organic carbon isotopic composition precipitation Mu Us sandy land Asian monsoon

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clinical, cellular, microscopic, and ultrastructural studies of a case of fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium

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Bone Research 2017年第2期5卷 123-136页

作者： Melissa L Barron Mark S Rybchyn Sutharshani Ramesh Rebecca S mason S Fiona Bonar Paul Stalley Sundeep Khosla Bernie Hudson christopher Arthur Edward Kim Roderick J clifton-Bligh Phillip B clifton-Bligh Department of Physiology School of Medical Sciences Bosch Institute University of Sydney Sydney 2006 New South Wales Australia Douglas HanlyMoir Pathology Macquarie Park 2113 New South Wales Australia Department of Orthopaedics Royal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdown 2050 New South Wales Australia Department of Endocrinology Mayo Clinic Rochester 55905 MN USA Department of Microbiology Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards 2065 New South Wales Australia Department ofMicrobiology Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards 2065 New South Wales Australia Department of Haematology Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards 2065 New South Wales Australia Department of Endocrinology Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards 2065 New SouthWales Australia and Faculty of Medicine University of Sydney Sydney 2006 New South Wales Australia

Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium is a rare disorder of bone usually characterized by marked osteopenia and associated with variable osteoporosis and osteosclerosis, changing over time. Histological examination shows that newly formed collagen is abnormal, lacking birefringence when examined by polarized light. The case presented demonstrates these features and, in addition, a previously undocumented finding of a persistent marked reduction of the serum c3 and c4. Osteoblasts established in culture from a bone biopsy showed abnormal morphology on electron microscopy and increased proliferation when cultured with benzoylbenzoyl-ATP and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, contrasting with findings in normal osteoblasts in culture. A gene microarray study showed marked upregulation of the messenger RNA(mRNA) for G-protein-coupled receptor 128(GPR 128), an orphan receptor of unknown function and also of osteoprotegerin in the patient's osteoblasts in culture. When normal osteoblasts were cultured with the patient's serum, there was marked upregulation of the mRNA for aquaporin 1. A single pathogenetic factor to account for the features of this disorder has not been defined, but the unique findings described here may facilitate more definitive investigation of the abnormal bone cell function.

关键词： ultrastructural cellular clinical

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乙烯利对玉米的收获产量,子粒品质和倒伏的影响

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耕作与栽培 1991年第1期11卷 51-55页

作者： O. S. Norberg S. c. mason S. R. lowry 贺绳武

乙烯利可以确定减少倒伏,维持或增加收获产量。1985与1986年研究了施用乙烯利比率和施用时间对玉米(Zea Mays L.)的收获产量、产量组成、倒伏与子粒品质的影响。乙烯利施于种在临近草地东北地中Pioneei杂种P_(3475)、P_(3377)和P_(3183... 详细信息

乙烯利可以确定减少倒伏,维持或增加收获产量。1985与1986年研究了施用乙烯利比率和施用时间对玉米(Zea Mays L.)的收获产量、产量组成、倒伏与子粒品质的影响。乙烯利施于种在临近草地东北地中Pioneei杂种P_(3475)、P_(3377)和P_(3183)上。施乙烯利减少了玉米植株倒伏。P_(3377)与P_(3183)在TE时期(雄穗伸长时期)施乙烯利0.56公升/公顷者,倒伏由30％减少到9％,此比率结果使每穗少产生子粒52粒,粒重减轻7～17毫克。但是增加了收获果穗0.2～0.6个/平方米。除1986年在EE(雌穗伸长期)时施乙烯利没有影响外,增加乙烯利的施用比率,结果成线性地减少收获子粒产量。在此情况下,增施乙烯利比率,其结果是增加了每平方米收获果穗数补偿了每穗粒数与粒重的减少。1986年在TE时,两年在TE+6(雄穗伸长后6天)以及1985年在EE时施乙烯利结果是每公顷减少收获子粒产量接近1Mg(即1百万克或1千公斤)。施用乙烯利对玉米蛋白质含量,子粒的致密度和子粒易于产生破碎性有小的然面是显著的影响。施乙烯利有减少植株倒伏的作用,但它不能增加子粒产量,而且一般要减产。基于这些结果,在类似本研究的那些条件下,对栽培玉米生产者,施用一定的乙烯利,只有很小的刺激(或积极)意义。根据Zuben和Kang(1978)的估计,不管育种家怎样努力去培育抗倒伏品种,玉米茎秆倒伏年损失产量总数达5～25％。普遍认为:那些获得高产的条件:例如施高比率的氮素,高度密植,灌溉或多雨等,会促进倒伏,当发生倒伏收获子粒产量就减少(Zuben和Kang1978)。

关键词：乙烯利玉米产量品质倒伏

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