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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 187-196页

作者： Jonathan STORKEY andrew J.macdonald Rothamsted Research West CommonHarpendenHertfordshireAL52JQUK

Quantifying the relationships between plant functional traits and ecosystem services has been promoted as an approach to achieving multifunctional grassland systems that balance productivity with other regulating,supporting and cultural *** trade-offs and synergies between traits and services has largely relied on meta-analyses of studies from different systems and *** study demonstrated the value of focused studies of long-term experiments in grassland systems that measure traits and services in the same space and time to better understand the ecological constraints underlying these trade-offs and *** analysis is presented that uses data from the Park Grass Experiment at Rothamsted Research on aboveground productivity,species richness and soil organic carbon stocks to quantify the relationships between these three outcomes and the power of variance in plant functional traits in explaining *** was a trade-off between plots with high productivity,nitrogen inputs and soil organic carbon and plots with high species richness that was explained by a functional gradient of traits that are indicative of contrasting strategies of resource acquisition of resource *** were identified of using functional traits to identify opportunities for mitigating these trade-offs and moving toward more multifunctional systems.

关键词： multifunctional grassland systems Park Grass Experiment soil organic carbon ecosystem service

Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahmed andrew macdonald Jamila Skinner Harley Williams Julie E.Strychowsky M.Elise Graham Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada Faculty of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing numbers of women enter medical school *** number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to *** are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional *** presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a man performing the *** study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery(CSOHNS)meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by ***:Recordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics,including leadership positions and ***‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of ***:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter *** presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the time,while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the time(P=0.69).Residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(P=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in *** efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology women

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利物浦棉花协会的历史、作用和前途

利物浦棉花协会的历史、作用和前途

Soluble epoxide hydrolase:a next-generation drug target for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

2004’中国棉业发展高峰论坛

作者： andrew G.macdonald 英国利物浦棉花协会

＜正＞女士们、先生们: 棉花拥有着几千年的悠久历史,但是因为要像诸位介绍利物浦棉花协会的一小段历史,因此我将只追溯到250年前,并以1757年6月3日“利物浦编年史和航海日志”中的一则广告做为我的开始,这则广告的内容如下: “4堆,共2...

＜正＞女士们、先生们: 棉花拥有着几千年的悠久历史,但是因为要像诸位介绍利物浦棉花协会的一小段历史,因此我将只追溯到250年前,并以1757年6月3日“利物浦编年史和航海日志”中的一则广告做为我的开始,这则广告的内容如下: “4堆,共28袋牙买加棉花将于16日,即星期四下午一点在‘商人咖啡馆’被拍卖。于中介人罗宾逊处看样品。”这则广告促使了利物浦棉花协会的诞生。150年后,在1911年到1912年期间,共有五

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2585-2586页

作者： andrew Gregory Chengyun Tang Fan Fan Department of Physiology Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

Alzheimer's disease(AD)and Alzheimer's diseaserelated dementias(ADRD)represent a significant public health challenge,with projections indicating a substantial increase in affected individuals due to the aging global *** the World Health Organization,AD/ADRD has affected more than 55 million individuals worldwide,with an additional 10 million cases diagnosed each year.

关键词： Alzheimer population drug

Human endogenous retrovirus type-W and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： Joel Gruchot Laura Reiche andrew Chan Robert Hoepner Patrick Küry Department of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-W(HERV-W): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human DNA.

关键词： endogenous inflammation Human

Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovich Yazan Bouchi Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari Jennifer C.Munoz Pareja andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref Kevin K.Wang J.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric Critical Care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse School of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

Lesion-symptom mapping with NIHSS sub-scores in ischemic stroke patients

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第2期7卷 124-131页

作者： Deepthi Rajashekar Matthias Wilms M Ethan macdonald Serena Schimert Michael D Hill andrew Demchuk Mayank Goyal Sean P Dukelow Nils Daniel Forkert Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Department of Radiology Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Department of Community Health Sciences Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Department of Medicine Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada

Background Lesion-symptom mapping(LSM)is a statistical technique to investigate the population-specific relationship between structural integrity and post-stroke clinical *** clinical practice,patients are commonly evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),an 11-domain clinical score to quantitate neurological deficits due to *** far,LSM studies have mostly used the total NIHSS score for analysis,which might not uncover subtle structure–function relationships associated with the specific sub-domains of the NIHSS ***,the aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility to perform LSM analyses with sub-score information to reveal category-specific structure–function relationships that a total score may not *** Employing a multivariate technique,LSM analyses were conducted using a sample of 180 patients with NIHSS assessment at 48-hour post-stroke from the ESCAPE *** NIHSS domains were grouped into six categories using two *** was conducted for each category of the two groupings and the total NIHSS *** Sub-score LSMs not only identify most of the brain regions that are identified as critical by the total NIHSS score but also reveal additional brain regions critical to each function category of the NIHSS assessment without requiring extensive,specialised *** These findings show that widely available sub-scores of clinical outcome assessments can be used to investigate more specific structure–function relationships,which may improve predictive modelling of stroke outcomes in the context of modern clinical stroke assessments and neuroimaging.

关键词： patients score category

Structured matter creates toroidal structured light

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第9期11卷 1950-1951页

作者： andrew Forbes School of Physics University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Nano-structured metasurfaces have to be tailored from artificial atoms that act as toroidal emitters,giving rise to a new form of light long predicted:"flying doughnuts"as propagating spatial-temporal electromagnetic ... 详细信息

关键词： visible matter artificial

On the apparent line-of-sight alignment of the peak X-ray intensity of the magnetosheath and the tangent to the magnetopause,as viewed by SMILE-SXI

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 155-172页

作者： andrew Read Department of Physics&Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on board the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)spacecraft will be able to view the Earth’s magnetosheath in soft *** images of the X-ray emission visible from the position of SMILE are created for a range of solar wind densities by using 3 years of the SMILE mission orbit,together with models of the expected X-ray emissivity from the Earth’s *** from global magnetohydrodynamic simulations and a simple model for exospheric neutral densities are used to compare the locations of the lines of sight along which integrated soft X-ray intensities peak with the lines of sight lying tangent to surfaces(defined here to be the magnetopause)along which local soft X-ray intensities peak or exhibit their strongest gradients,or both,for strongly southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions when no depletion or low-latitude boundary layers are ***,in the parameter space of the various times and seasons,orbital phases,solar wind conditions,and magnetopause models,the alignment of the X-ray emission peak with the magnetopause tangent is good,or is not,is *** main results are as *** spacecraft needs to be positioned well outside the magnetopause;low-altitude times near perigee are not *** addition,there are seasonal aspects:dayside-apogee orbits are generally very good because the spacecraft travels out sunward at high altitude,but nightside-apogee orbits,behind the Earth,are bad because the spacecraft only rarely leaves the ***-apogee and dawnapogee orbits are ***-apogee orbits worsen slightly over the first three mission years,whereas nightside-apogee orbits improve ***,many more times of good agreement with the peak-to-tangent hypothesis occur when the solar wind is in a high-density state,as opposed to a low-density *** a high-density state,the magnetopause is compressed,and the spacecraft is more often a good d

关键词： X-rays magnetosphere magnetosheath magnetopause Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE) Earth solar wind charge exchange

Common elements for uncommon light:vector beams with GRIN lenses

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 138-139页

作者： andrew Forbes School of Physics University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

A well-known defect introduced during the fabrication of GRIN lenses can be exploited for the creation,detection and wave-guiding of exotic forms of vectorial structured light,bringing the toolkit into the realm of co... 详细信息

关键词： light optics elements