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Powered by standards-new data tools for the climate sciences

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2010年第S1期3卷 85-102页

作者： andrew Woolf STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory e-Science CentreDidcotUK

The ultimate goal of much current research in earth science informatics is to enable more efficient discovery and use of environmental ***-scale efforts are underway at regional and global *** instance the European INSPIRE Directive(2007/2/EC)and international GEOSS initiative will both provide unprecedented catalogues of earth observation and environmental data,with links to online services providing direct access to digital data *** the motivation for these emerging infrastructures is clear(*** global change),it is less obvious how they might be *** will play a major role and considerable effort is currently being devoted to their development by bodies like the International Organisation for Standardisation and the Open Geospatial *** search engines are amongst the most popular websites visited *** the metaphor of a web search portal,we review the potential of new geospatial standards to provide an advanced,userfriendly approach to discovery and use of climate-science data.

关键词： ISO OGC geospatial standards metadata feature types WFS GML

A Supplement to the Baum-Katz-Spitzer Complete Convergence Theorem

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2007年第3期23卷 557-562页

作者： andrew ROSALSKY Department of Statistics University of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida 32611USA

Let {X, Xn; n≥ 1} be a sequence of i.i.d. Banach space valued random variables and let {an; n ≥ 1} be a sequence of positive constants such thatan↑∞ and 1〈 lim inf n→∞ a2n/an≤lim sup n→∞ a2n/an〈∞Set Sn=∑i=1^n Xi,n≥*** this paper we prove that∑n≥1 1/n P（｜｜Sn｜｜≥εan）〈∞ for all ε〉0if and only if lim n→∞ Sn/an=0 a.s. This result generalizes the Baum-Katz-Spitzer complete convergence theorem. Combining our result and a corollary of Einmahl and Li, we solve a conjecture posed by Gut.

关键词： partial sums of i.i.d. Banach space valued random variables Baum-Katz-Spitzer complete convergence theorem almost sure convergence

Transcriptional Regulation of Secondary Growth and Wood Formation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第1期52卷 17-27页

作者： andrew Groover Institute of Forest Genetics US Forest Service

Secondary growth and wood formation are products of the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem. Although the mechanisms have only recently begun to be uncovered, transcriptional regulation appears increasingly central to the regulation of secondary growth. The importance of transcriptional regulation is illustrated by the correlation of expression of specific classes of genes with related biological processes occurring at specific stages of secondary growth, including cell division, cell expansion, and cell differentiation. At the same time, transcription factors have been characterized that affect specific aspects of secondary growth, including regulation of the cambium and differentiation of cambial daughter cells. In the present review, we summarize evidence pointing to transcription as a major mechanism for regulation of secondary growth, and outline future approaches for comprehensively describing transcriptional networks underlying secondary growth.

关键词： gene Transcriptional Regulation of Secondary Growth and Wood Formation

Alternatives to testosterone replacement： testosterone restoration

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第2期17卷 201-205,I0007页

作者： andrew McCullough Department of Urology Albany Medical College Albany New York USA.

The European Male Aging Study has demonstrated that the hypogonadism of male aging is predominantly secondary. Theoretically with appropriate stimulation from the pituitary, the aging testis should be able to produce eugonadal levels of testosterone. The strategies for the treatment of late onset hypogonadism （LOH） have focused on replacement with exogenous testosterone versus restoration of endogenous production. The purpose of this article is to review existing peer-reviewed literature supporting the concept of restoration of endogenous testosterone in the treatment of LOH.

关键词： aromatase inhibitor clomiphene citrate enclomiphene secondary hypogonadism

Impacts of forest plantation programs on sectoral CO_(2) emissions regionally in New Zealand

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第6期35卷 13-28页

作者： Saeed Solaymani andrew Dunningham Scion RotoruaNew Zealand

Investing in projects that support environmental benefits,such as tree harvesting,has the potential to reduce air pollution levels in the atmosphere in the ***,this kind of investment may increase the current level of ***,it is necessary to estimate how much the policy affects the current level of CO_(2) *** makes sure the policy doesn’t increase the level of CO_(2) *** study aims to analyze the effect of the One Bil-lion Trees program on CO_(2) emissions in New Zealand by employing the 2020 input–output table *** inves-tigation examines the direct and indirect effects of policy on both the demand and supply sides across six regions of New *** results of this study for the first year of plantation suggest that the policy increases the level of CO_(2) emissions in all regions,especially in the Waikato *** direct and indirect impact of the policy leads to 64 kt of CO_(2) emissions on the demand side and 270 kt of CO_(2) emis-sions on the supply *** lead to 0.19 and 0.74%of total CO_(2) emissions being attributed to investment *** the policy is recommended,as it has a low effect on CO_(2) ***,it is crucial to prioritize the use of low-carbon machinery that uses fossil fuels during the plantation process.

关键词： Regional input–output analysis Forest investment program Sectoral CO_(2) emissions Environmental policies Supply-side policy Demand-side policy

Experimental Modelling of Transverse Oscillations in Aquaculture Netting Parallel to the Flow – Sounds Baffling

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China Ocean Engineering 2015年第3期29卷 391-400页

作者： andrew JOHNSON Cheslav BALASH National Centre for Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics Australian Maritime CollegeUniversity of Tasmania Launceston

Numerous studies have been undertaken to improve the viability, durability and suitability of materials and methods used for aquaculture enclosures. While many of the previous studies considered macro-deformation of nets, there is a paucity of information on netting micro-deformation. When aquaculture pens are towed, industry operators have observed the motion described as ＂baffling＂ – the transverse oscillation of the net planes parallel and near parallel to the flow. The difficulty to observe and assess baffling motion in a controlled experimental environment is to sufficiently reproduce netting boundary conditions and the flow environment experienced at sea. The focus of the present study was to develop and assess experimental methods for visualisation and quantification of these transverse oscillations. Four netrig configurations with varied boundary conditions and model-netting properties were tested in a flume tank. While the Reynolds number was not equivalent to full-scale, usage of the pliable and fine mesh model netting that enabled baffling to develop at low flow velocities was deemed to be of a larger relevance to this initial study. Baffling was observed in the testing frame that constrained the net sheet on the leading edge, similarly to a flag attachment onto a pole. Baffling motion increased the hydrodynamic drag of the net by 35%–58% when compared to the previously developed formula for taut net sheets aligned parallel to the flow. Furthermore, it was found that the drag due to baffling decreased with the increasing velocity over the studied Reynolds numbers（below 200）; and the drag coefficient was non-linear for Reynolds numbers below 120. It is hypothesised that baffling motion is initially propagated by vortex shedding of the netting twine which causes the netting to oscillate; there after the restoring force causes unstable pressure differences on each side of the netting which excites the amplitude of the netting oscillations.

关键词： aquaculture pen baffling model net testing netting drag netting micro-deformation

Managing agricultural phosphorus for water quality:Lessons from the USA and China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第9期26卷 1770-1782页

作者： andrew Sharpley Xiaoyan Wang Department of Crop Soil and Environmental SciencesDivision of AgricultureUniversity of ArkansasayettevilleARUSA College of Resources Environment & TourismCapital Normal University

The accelerated eutrophication of freshwaters and to a lesser extent some coastal waters is primarily driven by phosphorus （P） inputs. While efforts to identify and limit point source inputs of P to surface waters have seen some success, nonpoint sources remain difficult to identify, target, and remediate. As further improvements in wastewater treatment technologies becomes increasingly costly, attention has focused more on nonpoint source reduction, particularly the role of agriculture. This attention was heightened over the last 10 to 20 years by a number of highly visible cases of nutrient-related water quality degradation; including the Lake Taihu, Baltic Sea, Chesapeake Bay, and Gulf of Mexico. Thus, there has been a shift to targeted management of critical sources of P loss. In both the U.S. and China, there has been an intensification of agricultural production systems in certain areas concentrate large amounts of nutrients in excess of local crop and forage needs, which has increased the potential for P loss from these areas. To address this, innovative technologies are emerging that recycle water P back to land as fertilizer. For example, in the watershed of Lake Taihu, China one of the largest surface fresh waters for drinking water supply in China, local governments have encouraged innovation and various technical trials to harvest harmful algal blooms and use them for bio-gas, agricultural fertilizers, and biofuel production. In any country, however, the economics of remediation will remain a key limitation to substantial changes in agricultural production.

关键词： Beneficial management practicesEutrophicationFertilizer managementLand useManure managementSoil conservationWatershed management

Towards Physarum Robots: Computing and Manipulating on Water Surface

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第4期5卷 348-357页

作者： andrew Adamatzky Jeff Jones Department of Computer Science University of the West of England

Plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is an ideal biological substrate for implementing concurrent anu parauel computation, including combinatorial geometry and optimization on graphs. The scoping experiments on Physarum computing in conditions of minimal friction, on the water surface were performed. The laboratory and computer experimental results show that plasmodium of Physarum is capable of computing a basic spanning tree and manipulating of light-weight objects. We speculate that our results pave the pathways towards the design and implementation of amorphous biological robots.

关键词： biological computing amorphous robots unconventional computation amoeba

On the Tractability of Shortest Path Problems in Weighted Edge-Coloured Graphs

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2018年第2期31卷 527-538页

作者： ENSOR andrew LILLO Felipe School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences Auckland University of Technology 2 - 14 Wakefield St Auckland 1142 New Zealand Department of Economics and Management Universidad Catolica del Maule PO Box 617 Avenida San Miguel 3605 Talca Chile

A weighted edge-coloured graph is a graph for which each edge is assigned both a positive weight and a discrete colour, and can be used to model transportation and computer networks in which there are multiple transportation modes. In such a graph paths are compared by their total weight in each colour, resulting in a Pareto set of minimal paths from one vertex to another. This paper will give a tight upper bound on the cardinality of a minimal set of paths for any weighted edge-coloured graph. Additionally, a bound is presented on the expected number of minimal paths in weighted edge-bicoloured graphs. These bounds indicate that despite weighted edge-coloured graphs are theoretically intractable, amenability to computation is typically found in practice.

关键词： Edge-coloured chain graph minimal paths multimodal networks Pareto set cardinality upper bounds.