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Supranutrition of microalgal docosahexaenoic acid and calcidiol improved growth performance,tissue lipid profiles,and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第4期14卷 1542-1550页

作者： Sahil Kalia andrew d.Magnuson Tao Sun Guanchen Liu Woo Kyun Kim Zackary Johnson Xin Gen Lei department of Animal Science Cornell University252 Morrison HallIthacaNY 14850USA department of Poultry Science University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Nicholas School of the Environment Duke UniversityBeaufortNCUSA

Background docosahexaenoic acid(dHA)and calcidiol could be enriched in chicken for improving public nutrition and *** remains unclear if supranutritional levels of dHA and calcidiol impair growth performance or metabolism of broiler *** study was to determine singular and combined effects of high levels of supplemental dHA-rich microalgal biomass or oil and calcidiol on growth performance,concentrations of triglycerides,cholesterol,and nonesterfied fatty acids in plasma,liver,breast,and thigh,and biophysical properties of *** In Exp.1,144 day-old Cornish chicks were divided into 4 groups(6 cages/treatment,6 birds/cage),and were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet(Bd),Bd+10,000 IU calcidiol/kg(Bd+Cal),Bd HA),and Bd+1%dHA-rich Aurantiochytrium(1.2 g dHA/kg;Bd+d+Cal+dHA for 6 *** Exp.2,180 day-old chicks were divided into5 groups,and were fed:Bd,Bd+dHA(0.33%to 0.66%oil,1.5 to 3.0 g dHA/kg),Bd EPA/kg),Bd+dHA+EPA(1.9%to 3.8%eicosapentaenoic acid-rich Nannochloropsis ***18,0.3 to 0.6 g Bd+dHA+calcidiol(6000 to 12,000 IU/kg diet),and+dHA+EPA+Cal for 6 *** Birds fed Bd+Cal diet in Exp.1 and Bd lower(P+dHAdiet in Exp.2 had higher(Pdy weight gain(10%-11%)and gain:feed ratio(7%),and total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in plasma(18%-54%),liver(8%-26%),breast(19%-26%),and thigh(10%-19%),respectively,over the *** two diets also improved(Pd(or)bone mineral density(3%-19%)of *** Supranutrition of dietary calcidiol and dHA alone or together did not produce adverse effects,but led to moderate improvements of growth performance,lipid profiles of plasma and muscle,and bone properties of broiler chickens.

关键词： Broiler Calcidiol Growth performance Microalgae Tibia

Recent developments of neuroprotective agents for degenerative retinal disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1919-1928页

作者： Kepeng Ou Youjian Li Ling Liu Hua Li Katherine Cox Jiahui Wu Jian Liu andrew d.dick College of Pharmacy National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative TherapeuticsIATTIChongqing University of Arts and SciencesChongqingChina Translational Health Sciences Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK department of Ophthalmology Yongchuan HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital(Shanghai First People’s Hospital)Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Moorfields Eye HospitalLondonUK

Retinal degeneration is a debilitating ocular complication characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptors and other retinal neurons,which are caused by a group of retinal diseases affecting various age groups,and increasingly prevalent in the ***-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are among the most common complex degenerative retinal disorders,posing significant public health problems worldwide largely due to the aging society and the lack of effective *** pathoetiologies vary,if left untreated,loss of retinal neurons can result in an acquired degeneration and ultimately severe visual *** of underlined etiology,loss of neurons and supporting cells including retinal pigment epithelium,microvascular endothelium,and glia,converges as the common endpoint of retinal degeneration and therefore discovery or repurposing of therapies to protect retinal neurons directly or indirectly are under intensive *** review overviews recent developments of potential neuroprotectants including neuropeptides,exosomes,mitochondrial-derived peptides,complement inhibitors,senolytics,autophagy enhancers and antioxidants either still experimentally or in clinical *** treatments that possess direct or indirect neuroprotective properties would significantly lift the burden of visual handicap.

关键词： antioxidants autophagy enhancers complement inhibitors exosomes neuropeptides neuroprotective agents retinal degeneration senolytics

A deep convolutional neural network for real-time full profile analysis of big powder diffraction data

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 671-679页

作者： Hongyang dong Keith T.Butler dorota Matras Stephen W.T.Price Yaroslav Odarchenko Rahul Khatry andrew Thompson Vesna Middelkoop Simon d.M.Jacques andrew M.Beale Antonis Vamvakeros department of Chemistry University College London20 Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AJUnited Kingdom SciML Scientific Computer DivisionSTFCRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell OX110QXUnited Kingdom Finden Limited Merchant House5 East St Helens StreetAbingdon OX145EGUnited Kingdom National Physical Laboratory Hampton RoadTeddington TW110LWUnited Kingdom Flemish Institute for Technological Research VITO NVBoeretang 200Mol 2400Belgium Research Complex at Harwell Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX110FA OxfordshireUnited Kingdom Present address:diamond Light Source Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOxfordshire OX110DEUnited Kingdom Present address:The Faraday Institution Quad OneHarwell Science and Innovation CampusOX110RA OxfordshireUnited Kingdom

We present Parameter Quantification Network(PQ-Net),a regression deep convolutional neural network providing quantitative analysis of powder X-ray diffraction patterns from multi-phase *** network is tested against simulated and experimental datasets of increasing complexity with the last one being an X-ray diffraction computed tomography dataset of a multi-phase Ni-Pd/CeO_(2)-ZrO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) catalytic material system consisting of ca.20,000 diffraction *** is shown that the network predicts accurate scale factor,lattice parameter and crystallite size maps for all phases,which are comparable to those obtained through full profile analysis using the Rietveld method,also providing a reliable uncertainty measure on the *** main advantage of PQNet is its ability to yield these results orders of magnitude faster showing its potential as a tool for real-time diffraction data analysis during in situ/operando experiments.

关键词： network powder analysis

development，Application，Markets，and　Patent　Situation　of　Magnetostrictive　TERFENOL－d

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Journal of Rare Earths 1995年第4期13卷 295-301页

作者： McMasters, O.d. ETREMA Products Inc. 2500 North Loop Drive Ames Iowa 50010

The development of the giant magnetostrictive rare earth-iron materials is reported from their discovery in the early 1970's to their present use in transducer and sensor applications. Fifteen broad market areas, ranging from miniature devices in the medical industry to high powder sonar and seismic sources have been identified. A world-wide customer base in these high technology fields has been established and the superior properties of these materials are responsible for the rapid growth of the magnetostrictive transducer industries. The critical design criteria that lead to efficient devices are reported and the performance of several of these products is presented. The key patents associated with these giant magnetostrictive materials and devices using these materials are reviewed. The present and future of these technologies in reference to commercialization, market growth and the impact on the many transduction industries are discussed. (Author abstract) 9 Refs.

关键词： Magnetostrictive Situation Patent TERFENOL and development Application

COVId-19 outbreak and surgical practice: The rationale for suspending non-urgent surgeries and role of testing modalities

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2020年第6期12卷 259-268页

作者： andrew d Grubic Shahin Ayazi Javad Zebarjadi Hamed Tahmasbi Khosro Ayazi Blair A Jobe Esophageal and Lung Institute Department of SurgeryAllegheny Health NetworkPittsburghPA 15224United States department of Surgery Imam Hossein HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

One-hundred years after the 1918-19 H1N1 flu pandemic and 10 years after the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic, another respiratory virus has now inserted itself into the human population. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has become a critical challenge to global health with immense economic and social disruption. In this article we review salient aspects of the coronavirus disease2019(COVId-19) outbreak that are relevant to surgical practice. The emphasis is on considerations during the pre-operative and post-operative periods as well as the utility and limitations of COVId-19 testing. The focus of the media during this pandemic is centered on predictive epidemiologic curves and models. While epidemiologists and infectious disease physicians are at the forefront in the fight against COVId-19, this pandemic is also a "stress test" to evaluate the capacity and resilience of our surgical community in dealing with the challenges imposed to our health system and society. As recently pointed out by dr. Anthony Fauci,the virus decides the timelines in the models. However, the models can also change based on our decisions and behavior. It is our role as surgeons, to make every effort to bend the curves against the virus’ will.

关键词： COVId-19 SARS-CoV-2 Surgery Pandemic Predictive model diagnosis

4d imaging of void nucleation,growth,and coalescence from large and small inclusions in steel under tensile deformation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第28期123卷 168-176页

作者： Yi Guo Timothy L.Burnett Samuel A.Mcdonald Michael daly andrew H.Sherry Philip J.Withers Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Henry Royce Institute Department of MaterialsUniversity of ManchesterM139PLUK European Synchrotron Radiation Facility(ESRF) 6 rue J Horowitz38000 GrenobleFrance National Nuclear Laboratory Chadwick HouseBirchwood ParkWarringtonWA36AEUK

Samples of SA508 grade 3 nuclear pressure vessel ferritic steel were subjected to tensile straining whilst being simultaneously imaged in 3d in real time using high resolution,high frame rate time-lapse synchrotron computed tomography(CT).This enabled direct observation of void development from nucleation,through growth to coalescence and final failure validating many inferences made post-mortem or by theoretical models,as well as raising new *** sparse,large inclusions were found to nucleate voids at essentially zero plastic strain(consistent with zero interfacial strength);these became increasingly elongated with *** contrast,a high density of small spherical voids were found to nucleate from the sub-micron cementite particles at larger strains(>200%)only in the centre of the necked(high triaxiality)*** interfacial strength approaching 2100 MPa was inferred and soon after their nucleation,these small voids coalesce to form internal microcracks that lead to the final failure of the *** surprisingly,under these conditions of generally low triaxial constraint the large voids are simply cut across and appear to play no significant role in determining the final *** implications of these results are discussed in terms of ductile fracture behaviour and the Gurson model for ductile fracture.

关键词： Void growth ductile fracture Synchrotron X-ray tomography 4d imaging Bainitic steel

Trends in characteristics of neurologists who provide stroke consultations in the USA,2008-2021

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第1期8卷 86-88页

作者： Carter H Nakamoto andrew d Wilcock Lee H Schwamm Jennifer J Majersik Kori S Zachrison Ateev Mehrotra department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA department of Family Medicine University of Vermont Larner College of MedicineBurlingtonVermontUSA department of Neurology Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA department of Neurology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA department of Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA division of General Medicine and Primary Care Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA

Introduction Patients with acute ischaemic strokes(AIS),on average,fare better with timely neurologist consultation,and a growing proportion of them receive ***,little is known about trends in the characteristics of neurologists who treat *** We identified AIS and transient ischaemic attack(TIA)episodes with neurologist consults in fee-for service Medicare from January 2008 to September *** each episode,we determined whether the neurologist was a vascular neurologist,was a high-volume provider,whether the patient was transferred between hospitals and the distance between the patient’s home and physician’s *** From 2008 to 2021,the share of AIS/TIA episodes(n=5073294)with neurologist consults increased(52.9%to 61.7%).Among episodes with consults,the fraction conducted by a vascular neurologist(5.2%to 13.7%)or by a high-volume neurologist(13.2%to 14.9%)also *** fraction with the patient’s home and neurologist greater than 100 miles apart(4.8%to 9.6%)or in different states(5.1%to 8.1%)increased,as did the fraction with transfers(4.2%to 8.5%).discussion Over the study period,the proportion of AIS/TIA episodes with consultations from neurologists with either vascular neurology certifications or high volumes increased substantially.

关键词： acute characteristics consultation

delayed neural damage induced by lightning and electrical injury: neural death, vascular necrosis and demyelination?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第9期9卷 907-908页

作者： andrew d. Reisner Forensic diagnostic Center of district Nine

The structural damage to vascular endothelial cell In a recent article in the journal Brain Injury, four potential hypotheses for delayed neurological disorders following lightning and electrical injury were suggested （Reisner, 2013）. The phenomenon of delayed neurodegenerative syndromes following lighting and electrical injury has been known since the early 1930s （Critchley, 1934）, but to the present day, the mechanisms involved have been poorly un- derstood. An initial and still plausible theory is that the electrical insult causes damage to the vascular structures feeding the spinal cord via damage to vascular endothelial cells （Farrell and Starr, 1968）.

关键词： neural death delayed neural damage induced by lightning and electrical injury

Is there evidence of selection in the dopamine receptor d4 gene in Australian invasive starling populations？

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 505-519页

作者： Lee Ann ROLLINS Michael R. WHITEHEAd andrew R WOOLNOUGH Ron SINCLAIR William B. SHERWIN Evolution & Ecology Research Centre Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia Centre for Integrative Ecology Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Locked Bag 20000 Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia Biosecurity division Department of Economic Development Jobs Transport and Resources 1 Spring Street Melbourne Vic- toria 3000 Australia Vertebrate Pest Research Section Department of Agriculture and Food 100 Bougainvillea Avenue Western Australia 6058 Australia Biosecurity SA GPO Box 1671 Adelaide South Australia 5001 Australia Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit Murdoch University South Road Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia Current address: Evolution Ecology and Genetics Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra Australia

Although population genetic theory is largely based on the premise that loci under study are selectively neutral, it has been acknowledged that the study of dNA sequence data under the influence of selection can be useful. In some circumstances, these loci show increased population differentiation and gene diversity. Highly polymorphic loci may be especially useful when studying populations having low levels of diversity overall, such as is often the case with threatened or newly established inva- sive populations. Using common starlings Sturnus vulgaris sampled from invasive Australian populations, we investigated se- quence data of the dopamine receptor d4 gene （dRd4）, a locus suspected to be under selection for novelty-seeking behaviour in a range of taxa including humans and passerine birds. We hypothesised that such behaviour may be advantageous when species encounter novel environments, such as during invasion. In addition to analyses to detect the presence of selection, we also esti- mated population differentiation and gene diversity using dRd4 data and compared these estimates to those from microsatellite and mitochondrial dNA sequence data, using the same individuals. We found little evidence for selection on dRd4 in starlings. However, we did find elevated levels of within-population gene diversity when compared to microsatellites and mitochondrial dNA sequence, as well as a greater degree of population differentiation. We suggest that sequence data from putatively non- neutral loci are a useful addition to studies of invasive populations, where low genetic variability is expected

关键词： dRd4 Starling Selection Novelty-seeking behaviour