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Progress of Pb-Sn Mixed Perovskites for Photovoltaics: A Review

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第2期5卷 370-400页

作者： Rajapakshe Mudiyanselage Indrachapa Bandara Shashini M.Silva Cameron C.L.Underwood K.D.G.Imalka Jayawardena radu A.Sporea S.Ravi P.Silva Advanced Technology Institute Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford Surrey GU27XHUnited Kingdom

Pb-Sn mixed perovskites are becoming increasingly popular as narrowbandgap(1.2–1.3 eV)light absorbers in single-junction perovskite solar cells(PSCs)and as bottom cells for all-perovskite tandem solar cells,for highefficiency,low-cost,lightweight,roll-to-roll printable photovoltaic(PV)*** the first report of planar Pb:Sn mixed PSCs in 2014,the power conversion efficiencies(PCE)have increased from 10%to 21%by the end of 2020 with an exponential growth in research conducted in this *** much effort,the performance and stability of Pb-Sn mixed PSCs are still limited,which constrains their long-term use in all-perovskite tandem *** review highlights the avenues explored in improving different aspects of Pb-Sn mixed PSCs and provides a comprehensive discussion of the interdependent factors affecting the device *** includes compositional engineering of the perovskite crystal,absorber layer fabrication and crystallization methods,bandgap tuning,Sn4+reduction,and surface passivation of the absorber layer,as well as the selection of interlayers and electrodes of the final PSC.

关键词： inorganic-organic hybrids lead-tin mixed perovskites perovskites photovoltaics solution-processed

A Comparison of Optical Properties of CuO and Cu<sub>2</sub>O Thin Films for Solar Cell Applications

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2021年第7期12卷 315-329页

作者： radu Bunea Ashwin Kumar Saikumar Kalpathy Sundaram University of Central Florida Orlando USA

Solar energy is becoming more popular and widespread, and consequently, the materials to manufacture solar cells are becoming more limited and costly. Therefore, in order to keep solar energy affordable and available, we must research alternative materials such as copper oxides. Some benefits of copper oxides include being available in abundance, affordable, low toxicity, low bandgap, and a high absorption coefficient—all of which contribute to it being a valuable interest for the manufacturing of solar cells. In this study, CuO thin films were synthesized utilizing RF sputtering technique with deposition occurring at room temperature followed by thermal annealing between 100°C and 400°C and using different gases, oxygen (O2) (oxidizing and reactive gas) and nitrogen (N2) (inert gas), besides air. Afterwards, these thin films were evaluated for a range of wavelengths: 200 - 400 nm (UV spectrum), 400 - 700 nm (Visible spectrum), and 700 - 800 nm (IR spectrum), for both, optical transmittance and photoluminescence. In addition, the CuO results were compared to our Cu2O results from a previous study to assess their differences. In the results of this study, the CuO thin film initially had a bandgap of 2.19 eV at room temperature, and by increasing the annealing temperature to different levels, the bandgap decreased respectively. The presence of air in the chamber allowed for the highest decrease, followed by the nitrogen (N2) and the lowest decrease was observed in the presence of oxygen (O2). This was reflected in the decrease in the bandgap values from 2.19 eV (room temperature) to 2.05 eV for the films annealed at 400°C.

关键词： Cu2O Thin Film Cuo Thin Film Optical Properties Bandgap Photoluminescence

Neurodegeneration:An early event of diabetic retinopathy

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World Journal of Diabetes 2010年第2期1卷 57-64页

作者： Marta Villarroel andreea Ciudin Cristina Hernández Rafael Simó Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit.Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona CIBER for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases(CIBERDEM Instituto de Salut CarlosⅢ)

Diabetic retinopathy(DR) has been classically considered to be a microcirculatory disease of the retina caused by the deleterious metabolic effects of hyperglycemia per se and the metabolic pathways triggered by ***,retinal neurodegeneration is already present before any microcirculatory abnormalities can be detected in ophthalmoscopic *** other words,retinal neurodegeneration is an early event in the pathogenesis of DR which predates and participates in the microcirculatory abnormalities that occur in ***,the study of the mechanisms that lead to neurodegeneration will be essential to identify new therapeutic targets in the early stages of *** levels of glutamate and the overexpression of the renin-angiotensin-system play an essential role in the neurodegenerative process that occurs in diabetic *** neuroprotective factors,pigment epithelial derived factor,somatostatin and erythropoietin seem to be the most relevant and these will be considered in this ***,it should be noted that the balance between neurotoxic and neuroprotective factors rather than levels of neurotoxic factors alone will determine the presence or absence of retinal neurodegeneration in the diabetic *** strategies,based on either the delivery of neuroprotective agents or the blockade of neurotoxic factors,are currently being tested in experimental models and in clinical pilot *** these novel therapies will eventually supplement or prevent the need for laser photocoagulation or vitrectomy awaits the results of additional clinical research.

关键词： Diabetic retinopathy Angiotensin II Erythropoietin Glutamate Retinal neurodegeneration Neuropeptides Pigment epithelial derived factor Somatostatin

Using a Computer Driven PID Regulator for Controlling the Vacuum Pump of a Mechanical Milking Machine

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Computer Technology and Application 2013年第8期4卷 395-399页

作者： Rsca radu Carlescu Petru Tenu loan Faculty of Agriculture University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Ia~i 700490 Romania

Conventional vacuum control in a milking system is accomplished by using a vacuum pump, sized for the maximum air flows into the milking system, running at a full speed. The difference between the pump capacity and the necessary flow of air is compensated by allowing air to enter the system through a regulator. The solution presented in this paper uses a VFD （variable frequency driver） in order to drive the vacuum pump at a controlled speed, so that the air removed equals the air entering the milking system. The VFD technology is able to adjust the rate of air removal from the milking system, by changing the speed of the vacuum pump motor. The VFD is controlled by a computer using a virtual instrument in order to emulate a PID （proportion integration differentiation） regulator. The tests aimed to evaluate the vacuum regulator characteristics and vacuum stability. A statistical analysis of the experimental results was performed and it showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental results obtained for the two methods of vacuum regulation （with vacuum regulator and VFD controller respectively）. The experimental results proved that the used of the VFD controller led to a higher vacuum stability in terms of the error between the set vacuum value and the achieved values.

关键词： Variable frequency drive milking equipment vacuum stability.

Resistance Matrix for an Anisotropic Hall Plate with Multiple Extended Asymmetric Contacts on the Boundary

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第8期9卷 1911-1925页

作者： Dorel Homentcovschi radu Oprea Bruce T. Murray Department of Applied Mathematics University Politehnica of Bucharest Bucharest Romania Department of Mechanical Engineering Binghamton University Binghamton NY USA 17-1506 Eagle Mountain Dr. Coquitiam British Columbia Canada

The electrical properties of magnetic sensing devices fabricated from anisotropic materials are not easily extracted. Here we present a method for determining the resistance matrix for an anisotropic device with multiple electrical contacts placed in a perpendicular magnetic field. By using the methods developed by Van der Pauw and Wasscher, the analysis for the anisotropic system is reduced to the equivalent problem for an isotropic sample, which can then be solved using methods developed previously. As a result, the method works in the case of structures with an arbitrary number of asymmetric extended contacts at large magnetic field strength. In addition to the extraction of nonisotropic resistivities, the resistance matrix can be used to analyze the Hall effect for anisotropic plates.

关键词： Hall Device Resistance Matrix Van Der Pauw Method Anisotropic

Perception and Attitude of the General Population on the Risk of Infection with SARS-CoV-2

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第6期9卷 1-10页

作者： Cristian Cojocaru Elena Cojocaru Steluta radu Bogdan Gurzu Medical III Department Faculty of Medicine “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi Romania Morpho-Functional Sciences II Department Faculty of Medicine “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi Romania Netconsult SRL Iasi Romania University of Agriculture Science and Veterinary Medicine Iasi Romania

Current state of knowledge on the impact of emotions and perceptions of the population towards the risk of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 should be the basis for disease control measures as well as for community awareness programs. Due to differences in perceptions, concerns, culture, beliefs, different populations may react differently to the same challenges. Ninety adults were interviewed, without symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection, using the Romanian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The emotional reactions expressed by various psychotic or mental disorders, the main actions are taken to protect against the SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the hypothetical illness behavior were investigated. The total score, as well as each item of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, indicates a low-to-moderate emotional level regarding to the risk of coronavirus infection. The data are supported by the choice to be treated at home in case of illness. There are differences in perception between sexes and between professional categories (employees vs. retirees). Knowledge of social phenomena caused by major epidemiological crises such as SARS-CoV-2 infection should be the basis of education, disease prevention and control programs to avoid the occurrence of psychosocial risks in the population.

关键词： SARS-COV-2 Fear of COVID-19 Scale Psychosocial Risk Comorbidities Treatment

Exceptional rate capability from carbon-encapsulated polyaniline supercapacitor electrodes

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2020年第3期3卷 389-397页

作者： Ash Stott Mehmet O.Tas Elaine Y.Matsubara Mateus G.Masteghin Jose M.Rosolen radu A.Sporea S.Ravi P.Silva Advanced Technology Institute Guildford Surrey GU27XHUK Departamento de Química Faculdade de FilosofiaCiên-cias e Letras de Ribeirão Preto1-Universidade de São PauloAvenida Bandeirantes 390014040-901Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil

A high-rate capability carbon-encapsulated polyaniline(PANI)composite is fabricated by a novel electrodeposition method of polyaniline on a carbon nanotube(CNT)forest,grown on carbon *** is followed by coating of an amorphous carbon layer via hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)of glucose,forming a three-layer *** demonstrate that a slow scan rate,voltage-restricted electrodeposition process can be used to produce a uniform PANI coating on individual CNTs throughout the *** CNT forest structure offers excellent electronic and structural connection for the PANI nanofiber network,while the coating of amorphous carbon reduces electrode resistance,promoting enhanced electrochemical performance and reinforced structural stability during charging and *** as-prepared CNT/PANI/HTC composite exhibited a high specific capacitance of 571 F g-1 at 1 A g-1,and 557 F g-1 at 100 A g-1,whilst demonstrating a record rate capability of 98%capacitance retention,when the current density is increased *** advanced rate performance indicates that a slow electrodeposition process produces an electrochemically stable three-layer composite with enhanced diffusion ***,the method developed in this work establishes further control on the electrochemical deposition of energy storage materials,for high-rate capability.

关键词： CNT electrodeposition high rate polyaniline supercapacitor

New targeted therapies in pancreatic cancer

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世界胃肠病学杂志：英文版 2015年第20期21卷 6127-6145页

作者： Andrada Seicean Livia Petrusel radu Seicean Regional Institute of Gastro- enterology and Hepatology Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy First Surgery Clinic Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy

Patients with pancreatic cancer have a poor prognosis with a median survival of 4-6 mo and a 5-year survival of less than 5%. Despite therapy with gemcitabine, patient survival does not exceed 6 mo, likely due to natural resistance to gemcitabine. Therefore, it is hoped that more favorable results can be obtained by using guided immunotherapy against molecular targets. This review summarizes the new leading targeted therapies in pancreatic cancers, focusing on passive and specific immunotherapies. Passive immunotherapy may have a role for treatment in combination with radiochemotherapy, which otherwise destroys the immune system along with tumor cells. It includes mainly therapies targeting against kinases, including epidermal growth factor receptor, Ras/Raf/mitogenactivated protein kinase cascade, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, insulin growth factor-1 receptor, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/m TOR and hepatocyte growth factor receptor. Therapies against DNA repair genes, histone deacetylases, micro RNA, and pancreatic tumor tissue stromal elements(stromal extracellular matric and stromal pathways) are also discussed. Specific immunotherapies, such as vaccines(whole cell recombinant, peptide, and dendritic cell vaccines), adoptive cell therapy and immunotherapy targeting tumor stem cells, have the role of activating antitumor immune responses. In the future, treatments will likely include personalized medicine, tailored for numerous molecular therapeutic targets of multiple pathogenetic pathways.

关键词： Immunotherapy Pancreas neoplasm Vaccines

Automatic Negotiation with Profiles and Clustering of Agents

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International Journal of Intelligence Science 2013年第2期3卷 69-76页

作者： Serban radu Eugenia Kalisz Adina Magda Florea Department of Computer Science University Politehnica of Bucharest Bucharest Romania

This paper presents a model of automatic negotiation agents in an open environment. Agents are motivated by the gain they may obtain while fulfilling their goals, but their behaviour can change during negotiation according to previous interactions with other agents in the system. Changing behaviour may refer to either the use of different negotiation strategies or to concessions made for other agents, with which they have successfully negotiated in the past. To this aim, an agent develops a set of partners’ profiles during negotiation: the preference profile, the cooperation profile, and the group negotiation profile. The first two profiles characterize individuals, while in a group negotiation profile, several agent profiles are clustered according to commonly discovered features. Different approaches to the development of these profiles are presented.

关键词： Agents Automated Negotiation Strategy Negotiation Profiles Classification Q-Learning