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Demonstrating grating-based phase-contrast imaging of laser-driven shock waves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 90-97页

作者： Leonard Wegert Stephan Schreiner Constantin Rauch Bruno Albertazzi Paulina Bleuel Eric Frojdh Michel koenig Veronika Ludwig Artem SMartynenko Pascal Meyer Aldo Mozzanica Michael Müller Paul Neumayer Markus Schneider Angelos Triantafyllidis Bernhard Zielbauer Gisela Anton Thilo Michel Stefan Funk Plasma Physics Department GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur SchwerionenforschungPlanckstraBe 164291 DarmstadtGermany Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics(ECAP) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NurnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-StraBe 291058 ErlangenGermany LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitésEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91120 Palaiseau CedexFrance Paul Scherrer Institut(Psi) Forschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Microstructure TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

Single-shot X-ray phase-contrast imaging is used to take high-resolution images of laser-driven strong shock *** a two-grating Talbot interferometer,we successfully acquire standard absorption,differential phase-contrast,and dark-field images of the shocked *** agreement is demonstrated between experimental data and the results of two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations of the laser-plasma *** main sources of image noise are identified through a thorough assessment of the interferometer’s *** acquired images demonstrate that grating-based phase-contrast imaging is a powerful diagnostic tool for high-energy-density *** addition,we make a novel attempt at using the dark-field image as a signal modality of Talbot interferometry to identify the microstructure of a foam target.

关键词： interaction. shock phase

Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke Scholz Liine Heikkinen Eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang Markus Leiminger Joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin Maximilian koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel Moreno Tuukka Pet?j? Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel Samara Carbone Markku Kulmala Marcos Andrade Douglas Worsnop Claudia Mohr Federico Bianchi Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics University of Helsinki Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes Agrarian Sciences Institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Environmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOMs)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

Weight Gain from Static Charging

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 89-93页

作者： Keith W. koenig Wausau WI USA

This paper announces the discovery that a statically charged object gains weight, equal to approximately 7 × 10-11 grams per excess electron when the object is negatively charged and 5 × 10-11 grams per excess proton when positively charged. The weight gain is not instantaneous but increases to a maximum and then decays with the excess charge.

关键词： Weak Electric Fields Gravity Mass Charge Unification Discovery

Female reproductive success in a species with an age-inversed hierarchy

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第6期11卷 433-446页

作者： Dorien DE VRIES Andreas koenig Carola BORRIES Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences Stony Brook UniversitySUNYNYUSA Department of Anthropology Stony Brook UniversitySUNYNYUSA

In most group-living mammals,reproductive success declines with increasing age and increases with increasing *** effects have mainly been studied in matrilineal and in“age positive”hierarchies,which are stable and in which high ranking females often outperform low ranking *** relationships are less well-understood in age-inversed dominance hierarchies,in which a female’s rank changes over *** analyzed demographic data of 2 wild,unprovisioned groups of gray langurs(Semnopithecus schistaceus)near Ramnagar,Nepal covering periods of 5 years *** rank was unstable and *** measured reproductive success via birth rates(57 births),infant survival(proportion of infants surviving to 2 years)and number of offspring surviving to 2 years of age(successful births)for 3 age and 3 rank *** found that old females performed significantly worse than expected(birth rate P=0.04;successful births P=0.03).The same was true for low ranking females(P=0.04,and P<0.01,respectively).Infant survival was highest for young and middle-aged as well as for high and middle ranking ***,the results for these unstable hierarchies were rather similar to those for stable hierarchies of other mammals,particularly several nonhuman ***pared to a provisioned population of a closely related species,the wild and unprovisioned population examined(i)showed stronger age effects,while(ii)female reproductive success was equally affected by *** comparative studies are needed to examine whether captive or provisioned populations deviate predictably from wild populations.

关键词： birth rate gray langurs offspring survival provisioning Semnopithecus schistaceus

Southeast Asian primate communities:the effects of ecology and Pleistocene refuges on species richness

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第4期8卷 417-426页

作者： Heather HASSEL-FINNEGAN Carola BORRIES Qing ZHAO Phaivanh PHIAPALATH Andreas koenig Department of Anthropology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA Biology Department Swarthmore CollegeSwarthmorePAUSA College of Life Science Peking UniversityBeijingChina International Union for Conservation of Nature VientianeLao PDR

We examined historical and ecological factors affecting current primate biodiversity in Southeast *** Africa,Madagascar and South America,but not Southeast Asia,primate species richness is positively associated with average rainfall and distance from the equator(latitude).We predicted that Southeast Asia’s non-conformance may be due to the effect of dispersed Pleistocene refuges(locations of constricted tropical forests during glacial maxima which today are at least 305 m in altitude).Based on 45 forested sites(13 on large islands;32 on the mainland)of at least 100 km^(2) to minimize recent human impact,we determined correlations between extant primate species richness and rainfall,latitude and supplementary ecological variables,while controlling for refuges and *** found that refuge sites had significantly higher primate species richness than non-refuges(t=-2.76,P<0.05),and distance from the nearest Pleistocene refuge was negatively correlated with species richness for non-refuge sites(r=-0.51,P<0.05).There was no difference in species richness between sites on large islands and the mainland(t=-1.4,P=0.16).The expected positive relationship between rainfall and species richness was not found(r=0.17,P=0.28).As predicted,primate species richness was negatively correlated with latitude(r=-0.39,P<0.05)and positively correlated with mean temperature(r=0.45,P<0.05).General linear models indicated that a site’s latitude(F_(1,38)=6.18,P<0.05)and Pleistocene refuge classification(F_(1,42)=5.96,P<0.05)were the best predictors of species *** ecological and historical factors contribute to present day primate species richness in Southeast Asia,making its biodiversity less of an outlier than previously believed.

关键词： allopatric speciation island latitude mainland rainfall temperature

Mass asymmetry and tricyclic wobble motion assessment using automated launch video analysis

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 113-116页

作者： Ryan DECKER Joseph DONINI William GARDNER Jobin JOHN Walter koenig Armaments Research Design and Engineering CenterPicatinny Arsenal

This paper describes an approach to identify epicyclic and tricyclic motion during projectile flight caused by mass asymmetries in spinstabilized projectiles. Flight video was captured following projectile launch of several M110A2E1 155 mm artillery projectiles. These videos were then analyzed using the automated flight video analysis method to attain their initial position and orientation *** of the pitch and yaw histories clearly indicates that in addition to epicyclic motion's nutation and precession oscillations, an even faster wobble amplitude is present during each spin revolution, even though some of the amplitudes of the oscillation are smaller than 0.02 *** results are compared to a sequence of shots where little appreciable mass asymmetries were present, and only nutation and precession frequencies are predominantly apparent in the motion history results. Magnitudes of the wobble motion are estimated and compared to product of inertia measurements of the asymmetric projectiles.

关键词：弹丸质量视频分析摆动运动不对称性自动启动三环评估行星运动

Spirituality,religiousness,and mental health:A review of the current scientific evidence

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第26期9卷 7620-7631页

作者： Giancarlo Lucchetti Harold G koenig Alessandra Lamas Granero Lucchetti School of Medicine Federal University of Juiz de ForaJuiz de Fora 36030-776Brazil Medical Center Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27710United States

Research in the field of“Spirituality and Health”has been growing,with spirituality/religiousness(S/R)being consistently related to both physical and mental *** objective of this article is to provide an updated review of the current scientific evidence on the relationship between S/R and mental health,highlighting the most important *** a secondary objective,the mechanisms that explain this relationship and the interventions that utilize this information in treating mental disorders will be *** findings reveal a large body of evidence across numerous psychiatric *** solid evidence is now available for depression,suicidality,and substance use,other diagnosis,such as post-traumatic stress disorder,psychosis,and anxiety,have also shown promising *** effects of S/R on mental health are likely bidirectional,and the manner in which religious beliefs are used to cope with distress(*** and positive),may affect mental health *** these findings,the mechanisms that explain these associations and the role of S/R interventions need further *** clinical practice,mental health providers should ask patients about S/R that are important in their lives to provide holistic and patient-centered care.

关键词： Spirituality Religion Depression Mental health Psychiatry

Triggering star formation:Experimental compression of a foam ball induced by Taylor–Sedov blast waves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第3期7卷 31-39页

作者： B.Albertazzi P.Mabey Th.Michel G.Rigon, J.R.Marques S.Pikuz S.Ryazantsev E.Falize L.Van Box Som J.Meinecke N.Ozaki G.Gregori M.koenig LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitesEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91120 Palaiseau cedexFrance Department of Physics Freie Universitat Berlin14195 BerlinGermany JIHT-RAS 13-2 Izhorskaya st.Moscow 125412Russia National Research Nuclear University“MEPhI ”Moscow 115409Russia CEA-DAM-DIF F-91297 ArpajonFrance Clarendon Laboratory University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom Graduate School of Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

The interaction between a molecular cloud and an external agent(e.g.,a supernova remnant,plasma jet,radiation,or another cloud)is a common phenomenon throughout the Universe and can significantly change the star formation rate within a *** process leads to fragmentation of the cloud and to its subsequent compression and can,eventually,initiate the gravitational collapse of a stable molecular *** is,however,difficult to study such systems in detail using conventional techniques(numerical simulations and astronomical observations),since complex interactions of flows *** this paper,we experimentally investigate the compression of a foam ball by Taylor–Sedov blast waves,as an analog of supernova remnants interacting with a molecular *** formation of a compression wave is observed in the foam ball,indicating the importance of such experiments for understanding how star formation is triggered by external agents.

关键词： cloud galaxy supernova

Liver sinusoidal endothelial and biliary cell repopulation following irradiation and partial hepatectomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第31期16卷 3928-3935页

作者： Petra Krause Margret Rave-Frank Hendrik Andreas Wolff Heinz Becker Hans Christiansen Sarah koenig Department of General Surgery University Medical Centre Goettingen Department of Radiotherapy University Medical Cen-tre Goettingen

AIM: To investigate whether irradiation (IR) and partial hepatectomy (PH) may prepare the host liver for nonparenchymal cell (NPC) ***: Livers of dipeptidyl peptidase(DPP)-deficient rats were pre-conditioned with external beam IR (25 Gy) delivered to two-thirds of the right liver lobules followed by a one-third PH of the untreated lob-ule. DPP-positive liver cells (NPC preparations enriched for liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and hepatocytes) were transplanted via the spleen into the recipient livers. The extent and quality of donor cell engraftment and growth was studied over a long-term interval of 16 wk after ***: Host liver staining demonstrated 3 different repopulation types. Well def ined clusters of donor-derived hepatocytes with canalicular expression of DPP were detectable either adjacent to or in between large areas of donor cells (covering up to 90% of the section plane) co-expressing the endothelial marker platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule. The third type consisted of formations of DPP-positive duct-like structures which co-localized with biliary epithelial ***: Liver IR and PH as a preconditioning stimulus enables multiple cell liver repopulation by donor hepatocytes, LSECs, and bile duct cells.

关键词： Cell transplants Dipeptidyl peptidase protein Endothelial cells Liver cell transplantation Liver irradiation Liver repopulation