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Quasi-optimal control of a solar thermal system via neural networks✩

Energy and AI 2023年第2期12卷 128-144页

作者： Jana Friese Niklas Brandt andreas schulte Christian Kirches Wilhelm Tegethoff Jürgen Köhler Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für ThermodynamikHans–Sommer–Straße 538106 BraunschweigGermany Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Mathematische OptimierungUniversitätsplatz 238106 BraunschweigGermany

The optimal control of complex thermal energy systems is a challenge due to their dynamic behavior andconstantly changing boundary conditions. To maximize the energy efficiency of such a dynamic system, optimaltrajectories for the controlled variables are needed. Extensive system knowledge is required to model the systemaccurately enough to be able to compute optimal trajectories. The high computational cost of computingoptimal control solutions with traditional approaches, especially with changing boundary conditions, oftenmakes this approach unusable for applications with limited computational power, such as real-time applicationson electronic control units (ECUs). This study investigates a possible solution to this challenge using a simplifiedexample system. Optimal control solutions for different boundary and initial conditions are generated forthe selected solar thermal system using a direct multiple shooting algorithm. Based on Bellman’s optimalityprinciple, the generated solutions are transformed into a data set of optimal state–action pairs. On this basis,different types of neural networks are trained, specifically a feed-forward, a recurrent, and a radial basisfunction network. Thus, data generation and training can be performed offline, and the required online computations are significantly reduced since the evaluation of a trained neural network requires comparatively lowcentral processing unit (CPU) power. The trained neural network controllers are tested for their ability to outputnear-optimal control actions based on the current system state. The feed-forward and recurrent neural networksshow promising initial results in this regard. Open questions and the need for improvements are discussed.

关键词： Optimal control Neural networks Bellmann equation Thermal systems Optimization

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Intrahepatic cholestasis without jaundice

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2009年第1期8卷 103-105页

作者： Thomas Namdar andreas Raffel Stefan andreas Topp Jan schulte am Esch Günther Fürst Wolfram Trudo Knoefel Claus Ferdinand Eisenberger Department of General Visceral and Pediatric Surgery Heinrich-Heine University Institute of Diagnostic Radiology Heinrich-Heine University

BACKGROUND:Cholangiocarcinoma(CC),the most common biliary tract malignancy,is frequently seen in advanced unresectable stages and is typically localized *** diagnosis is unusual because of nonspecific *** jaundice is usually the first sign of tumor. METHOD:We present a patient with a CC(Klatskin tumor) with a complete biliary drainage by an aberrant bile duct without jaundice. RESULTS:A 67-year-old woman presented with persisting elevation of liver *** tests showed a Klatskin tumor typeⅡ.A curative right hepatic trisegmentectomy was performed after liver volume augmentation by preoperative vein embolization. CONCLUSIONS:A direct drainage of the right posterior bile duct into the common bile duct as an aberrant hepatic duct is a rare variation and is present in less than 5%of the *** case of persistently perturbed liver function tests,an aberrant bile duct can cover up severe intrahepatic cholestasis and even obscure the diagnosis of a Klatskin *** to now it has not been described in the literature.

关键词： Klatskin tumor hyperbilirubinemia cholangiocarcinoma

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Extrahepatic intraductal ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma:bile duct filling defect

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2009年第6期8卷 650-652页

作者： Moritz Schmelzle Hanno Matthaei Nadja Lehwald andreas Raffel Roy Y.Tustas Natalia Pomjanski Petra Reinecke Marcus Schmitt Jan schulte am Esch Wolfram T.Knoefel Claus F.Eisenberger Department of General Visceral and Pediatric Surgery Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Institute of Cytopathology Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Institute of Pathology Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf

BACKGROUND:Obstructive jaundice caused by an intraductal hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare initial *** report a rare case of an extrahepatic icteric type hepatocellular ***:A 75-year-old patient was admitted to our hospital because of obstructive jaundice 3 months after resection of multilocular hepatocellular carcinoma.A postoperative bile leakage was treated by placement of a decompressing stent in the common bile *** retrograde choledochoscopy showed extended blood clots filling the bile duct system and computed tomography revealed a local swelling in the common extrahepatic bile *** level of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)was only slightly elevated but that of CA19-9 was dramatically *** showed an intraductal filling defect typical of a cholangiocellular ***:Bile duct brushing cytology showed no cholangiocellular carcinoma but hepatocellular carcinoma cells in the extrahepatic bile *** extrahepatic bile duct resection was *** examination confirmed the diagnosis of extrahepatic intraductal growth of hepatocellular ***:Ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare but important differentially diagnosed of extrahepatic bile duct filling defect.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma cholangiocellular carcinoma bile duct obstructive jaundice

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Machine Learning to Detect Alzheimer’s Disease from Circulating Non-coding RNAs

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第4期17卷 430-440页

作者： Nicole Ludwig Tobias Fehlmann Fabian Kern Manfred Gogol Walter Maetzler Stephanie Deutscher Simone Gurlit Claudia schulte Anna-Katharina von Thaler Christian Deuschle Florian Metzger Daniela Berg Ulrike Suenkel Verena Keller Christina Backes Hans-Peter Lenhof Eckart Meese andreas Keller Department of Human Genetics Saarland University66421 Homburg/SaarGermany Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics Saarland University66123 Saarbru¨ckenGermany Institut fur Gerontologie Universitat Heidelberg69047 HeidelbergGermany Department of Neurology Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel24118 KielGermany Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research Department of NeurodegenerationUniversity of Tuebingen72074 TuebingenGermany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE) 72076 TuebingenGermany Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care St.Franziskus Hospital Muenster48145 MuensterGermany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Tuebingen72016 TuebingenGermany Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical Center66421 Homburg/SaarGermany Center for Bioinformatics Saarland Informatics Campus66123 SaarbruckenGermany

Blood-borne small non-coding(snc RNAs)are among the prominent candidates for blood-based diagnostic ***,high-throughput approaches are applied to discover biomarker *** have to be validated in larger cohorts and evaluated by adequate statistical learning ***,we published high-throughput sequencing based microRNA(miRNA)signatures in Alzheimer’s disease(AD)patients in the United States(US)and ***,we determined abundance levels of 21 known circulating miRNAs in 465 individuals encompassing AD patients and controls by *** computed models to assess the relation between miRNA expression and phenotypes,gender,age,or disease severity(Mini-Mental State Examination;MMSE).Of the 21 miRNAs,expression levels of 20 miRNAs were consistently de-regulated in the US and German cohorts.18 miRNAs were significantly correlated with neurodegeneration(Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P<0.05)with highest significance for miR-532-5 p(BenjaminiHochberg adjusted P=4.8×10^-30).Machine learning models reached an area under the curve(AUC)value of 87.6%in differentiating AD patients from ***,ten miRNAs were significantly correlated with MMSE,in particular miR-26a/26b-5p(adjusted P=0.0002).Interestingly,the miRNAs with lower abundance in AD were enriched in monocytes and T-helper cells,while those up-regulated in AD were enriched in serum,exosomes,cytotoxic t-cells,and *** study represents the next important step in translational research for a miRNA-based AD test.

关键词： miRNAs Neurodegeneration Alzheimer’s disease Biomarker Non-coding RNAs Gene regulation

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