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Applications of object detection networks in high-power laser systems and experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第1期11卷 52-60页

作者： Jinpu Lin Florian Haberstroh Stefan Karsch andreas Döpp Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München GarchingGermany

The recent advent of deep artificial neural networks has resulted in a dramatic increase in performance for object classification and *** pre-trained with everyday objects,we find that a state-of-the-art object detection architecture can very efficiently be fine-tuned to work on a variety of object detection tasks in a high-power laser *** this paper,three exemplary applications are *** show that the plasma waves in a laser±plasma accelerator can be detected and located on the optical *** plasma wavelength and plasma density are estimated ***,we present the detection of all the peaks in an electron energy spectrum of the accelerated electron beam,and the beam charge of each peak is estimated ***,we demonstrate the detection of optical damage in a high-power laser *** reliability of the object detector is demonstrated over1000 laser shots in each *** study shows that deep object detection networks are suitable to assist online and offline experimental analysis,even with small training *** believe that the presented methodology is adaptable yet robust,and we encourage further applications in Hz-level or kHz-level high-power laser facilities regarding the control and diagnostic tools,especially for those involving image data.

关键词： high repetition rate laser±plasma accelerators machine learning object detection optical diagnostics

Combining High-Resolution Imaging,Deep Learning,and Dynamic Modeling to Separate Disease and Senescence in Wheat Canopies

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第2期5卷 295-312页

作者： Jonas Anderegg Radek Zenkl Achim Walter andreas Hund Plant Pathology Group Institute of Integrative BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland Crop Science Group Institute of Agricultural SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland

Maintenance of sufficiently healthy green leaf area after anthesis is key to ensuring an adequate assimilate supply for grain *** regulated age-related physiological senescence and various biotic and abiotic stressors drive overall greenness decay dynamics under field *** direct effects on green leaf area in terms of leaf damage,stressors often anticipate or accelerate physiological senescence,which may multiply their negative impact on grain ***,we present an image processing methodology that enables the monitoring of chlorosis and necrosis separately for ears and shoots(stems+leaves)based on deep learning models for semantic segmentation and color properties of vegetation.A vegetation segmentation model was trained using semisynthetic training data generated using image composition and generative adversarial neural networks,which greatly reduced the risk of annotation uncertainties and annotation *** of the models to image time series revealed temporal patterns of greenness decay as well as the relative contributions of chlorosis and ***-based estimation of greenness decay dynamics was highly correlated with scoring-based estimations(r≈0.9).Contrasting patterns were observed for plots with different levels of foliar diseases,particularly septoria tritici *** results suggest that tracking the chlorotic and necrotic fractions separately may enable(a)a separate quantification of the contribution of biotic stress and physiological senescence on overall green leaf area dynamics and(b)investigation of interactions between biotic stress and physiological *** high-throughput nature of our methodology paves the way to conducting genetic studies of disease resistance and tolerance.

关键词： Wheat enable image

Tailored surface textures to increase friction-A review

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Friction 2022年第9期10卷 1285-1304页

作者： Henara L.COSTA Jörg SCHILLE andreas ROSENKRANZ School of Engineering Surface Engineering GroupUniversidade Federal do Rio GrandeRio Grande 96203900Brazil University of Applied Sciences Mittweida Laserinstitut Hochschule Mittweida 09648Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Biotechnology and MaterialsUniversity of ChileSantiago 8370459Chile

Surface textures with micro-scale feature dimensions still hold great potential to enhance the frictional performance of tribological *** from the ability of surface texturing to reduce friction,surface textures can also be used to intentionally increase friction in various applications that rely on friction for their adequate ***,this review aims at presenting the state-of-the-art regarding textured surfaces for high-friction *** a brief general introduction,the recent trends and future paths in laser surface texturing are ***,the potential of surface textures to increase friction in different applications including adhesion,movement transmission and control,biomimetic applications,and road-tire contacts is critically *** emphasis in this section is laid on the involved mechanisms responsible for friction ***,current short-comings and future research directions are pointed out thus emphasizing the great potential of(laser-based)surface texturing methods for innovations in modern surface engineering.

关键词： surface texturing tribology laser processing friction increase

Stroke recovery enhancing therapies:lessons from recent clinical trials

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 717-720页

作者： andreas Rogalewski Wolf-Rüdiger Schäbitz Department of Neurology Bethel-EVKBUniversity of BielefeldBielefeldGermany

Poststroke recovery processes include restoration or compensation of function,respectively functions initially lost or new functions acquired after an *** interventions can enhance these processes and/or reduce processes impeding *** experimental studies suggest great opportunities for such treatments,but the results from recent large clinical trials using neuromodulators such as dopamine and fluoxetine are *** reasons for this are manifold affecting forward translation of results from animals models into the human ***"translational road block"is defined by differences between animals and humans with regard to the genetic and epigenetic background,size and anatomy of the brain,cerebral vascular anatomy,immune system,as well as clinical function and *** blockade includes the incompatible adaption of targets and outcomes in clinical trials with regard to prior preclinical *** example,the design of clinical recovery trials varies widely and was characterized by the selection of different clinical endpoints,the inclusion a broad spectrum of stroke subtypes and clinical syndromes as well as different time windows for treatment initiation after infarct *** review will discuss these aspects based on the results of the recent stroke recovery trials with the goal to contribute to the currently biggest unmet need in stroke research-the development of a recovery enhancing therapy that improves the functional outcome of a chronic stroke patient.

关键词： amphetamine brain chronic stroke clinical trial dopamine fluoxetine recovery regeneration serotonin reuptake inhibitor translation

Paving the Way for Economically Accepted and Technically Pronounced Smart Radio Environment

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China Communications 2022年第8期19卷 247-266页

作者： Mostafa Salah andreas Pitsillides Ahmed S.Mubarak Department of Electrical Engineering Sohag UniversitySohagEgypt Department of Computer Science University of CyprusNicosiaCyprus Visiting Professor University of JohannesburgDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ScienceJohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Electrical Engineering Aswan UniversityAswanEgypt

Recently,Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RISs)have been introduced to provide the necessary flexibility for the design of the Smart Radio Environment(SRE),which can be optimally shaped to facilitate efficient signal *** line with the concept of smart cities,SRE needs to be carefully designed with respect to the city infrastructure and utilization of *** this paper,we provide our vision on RIS integration into future Smart Cities by highlighting the potential technical,environmental,and economic motivations of RIS deployment in harmony with various ecosystems at a city level such as buildings *** this end,we are pointing out some scenarios for mitigating the conflict between RIS realization and the existing building facade’s ecosystems such as advertising display and solar cells on building ***,in this fashion,the proposed vision supports a win-win relationship between all stakeholders of different *** study presents guidelines for not only enabling seamless economically accepted RIS widespread utilization but,also more technically sounding SRE by supporting enhanced RIS features and more advanced applications that cannot be attained by traditional passive ***,based on the current research directions,we offer promising insights for cost-effective mass pro-duction through motivating two scenarios of“all on silicon”and“all as metasurface”fabrication *** this study,we aim to encourage the metasurface researchers,that for a broad deployment of the technical solution,economic,environmental,and other commercial requirements should be planned together,early on in the design phase.

关键词： smart radio environment(SRE) reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS) 6G passive/active metasurface

Source-specific risk assessment for cadmium in wheat and maize:Towards an enrichment model for China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 723-734页

作者： Zhong Zhuang Qiqi Wang Siyu Huang Andrea Giovanna NinoSavala Yanan Wan Huafen Li andreas H.Schweiger andreas Fangmeier Jürgen Franzaring Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology University of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany

Cadmium (Cd) pollution of agricultural soil is of public concern due to its high potential toxicity and *** study aimed to reveal the risk of Cd accumulation in soil and wheat/maize systems,with a specific focus on the source-specific ecological risk,human health risk and Cd enrichment *** this we investigated more than 6100 paired soil and grain samples with 216 datasets including soil Cd contents,soil pH and grain Cd contents of 85 sites from *** results showed that mining activities,sewage irrigation,industrial activities and agricultural practices were the critical factors causing Cd accumulation in wheat and maize cultivated ***,mining activities contributed to a higher Cd accumulation risk in the southwest China and Middle Yellow River regions;sewage irrigation influenced the Cd accumulation in the North China *** addition,the investigated sites were classified into different categories by comparing their soil and grain Cd contents with the Chinese soil screening values and food safety values,*** enrichment models were developed to predict the Cd levels in wheat and maize *** results showed that the models exhibited a good performance for predicting the grain Cd contents among safe and warning sites of wheat (R2=0.61 and 0.72,respectively);while the well-fitted model for maize was prone to the overestimated sites (R2=0.77).This study will provide national viewpoints for the risk assessments and prediction of Cd accumulation in soil and wheat/maize systems.

关键词： Ecological risk Enrichment models Cadmium Health risk assessment Pollution sources

A Characteristic Boundary Condition for Multispeed Lattice Boltzmann Methods

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Communications in Computational Physics 2023年第1期33卷 101-117页

作者： Friedemann Klass Alessandro Gabbana andreas Bartel University of Wuppertal Gausstrase 2042119 WuppertalGermany Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB EindhovenThe Netherlands

We present the development of a non-reflecting boundary condition,based on the Local One-Dimensional Inviscid(LODI)approach,for Lattice Boltzmann Models working with multi-speed *** test and evaluate the LODI implementation with numerical benchmarks,showing significant accuracy gains with respect to the results produced by a simple zerogradient *** also implement a simplified approach,which allows handling the unknown distribution functions spanning several layers of nodes in a unified way,still preserving a comparable level of accuracy with respect to the standard formulation.

关键词： Characteristic boundary condition non-reflective boundary conditions local onedimensional inviscid boundary conditions lattice Boltzmann method multispeed high order models

Combination of novel RNA sequencing and sophisticated network modeling to reveal a common denominator in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第11期18卷 2403-2405页

作者： Banaja P.Dash andreas Hermann Translational Neurodegeneration Section“Albrecht Kossel” Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center RostockRostockGermany Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock University Medical Center RostockRostockGermany Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen(DZNE)Rostock/Greifswald RostockGermany

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most dreadful neurodegenerative diseases leading to death within 1-5 years after symptom *** majority of ALS cases are sporadic(sALS),while the remaining 5-10%are familial(fALS).Genetic discoveries have identified ALScausative mutations in more than 30 genes so far(Chia et al.,2018).Indeed,the four most common mutations observed in ALS genes in Europe are the hexanucleotide expansion repeat in Chromosome9 Open Reading Frame 72 (C9ORF72),Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1),tra nsactive response DNA Binding protein 43kDa (TARDBP)and fused in sa rcoma (FUS).

关键词： diseases death

Process Characterization of the Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil to Biodiesel Using Design of Experiments and Infrared Spectroscopy

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第4期11卷 1643-1660页

作者： Tobias Drieschner andreas Kandelbauer Bernd Hitzmann Karsten Rebner Lehr-und Forschungszentrum Process Analysis and Technology(PA&T)der Hochschule Reutlingen Reutlingen72762Germany Department of Process Analytics and Cereal Science Institute of Food Science and BiotechnologyUniversität HohenheimStuttgart70599Germany

For optimization of production processes and product quality,often knowledge of the factors influencing the process outcome is ***,process analytical technology(PAT)that allows deeper insight into the process and results in a mathematical description of the process behavior as a simple function based on the most important process factors can help to achieve higher production efficiency and *** present study aims at characterizing a well-known industrial process,the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters(FAME)for usage as biodiesel in a continuous micro reactor *** this end,a design of experiment approach is applied,where the effects of two process factors,the molar ratio and the total flow rate of the reactants,are *** optimized process target response is the FAME mass fraction in the purified nonpolar phase of the product as a measure of reaction *** quantification is performed using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy in combination with partial least squares *** data retrieved during the conduction of the DoE experimental plan were used for statistical analysis.A non-linear model indicating a synergistic interaction between the studied factors describes the reactor behavior with a high coefficient of determination(R^(2))of ***,we applied a PAT approach to generate further insight into this established industrial process.

关键词： Process analytical technology transesterification design of experiment attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy partial least square regression