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Embedded TLS 1.2 Implementation for Smart Metering & Smart Grid Applications

Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2015年第4期13卷 373-378页

作者： Atta Kofi Nsiah Axel Sikora andreas walz Artem Yushev the Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Offenburg Univ. of Applied Science the Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Offenburg Univ. of Applied Science

Digital networked communications are the key to all Internet-of-things applications, but especially to smart metering systems and the smart grid. In order to ensure a safe operation of systems and the privacy of users, the transport layer security （TLS） protocol, a mature and well standardized solution for secure communications, may be used. We implemented the TLS protocol in its latest version in a way suitable for embedded and resource-constrained systems. This paper outlines the challenges and opportunities of deploying TLS in smart metering and smart grid applications and presents performance results of our TLS implementation. Our analysis shows that given an appropriate implementation and configuration, deploying TLS in constrained smart metering systems is possible with acceptable overhead.

关键词： Embedded software smart grids,smart metering transport layer security.

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Association of mineral and bone biomarkers with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in the German Chronic Kidney Disease(GCKD)cohort

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Bone Research 2023年第4期11卷 764-771页

作者： Katharina Charlotte Reimer Jennifer Nadal Heike Meiselbach Matthias Schmid Ulla T.Schultheiss Fruzsina Kotsis Helena Stockmann Nele Friedrich Matthias Nauck Vera Krane Kai-Uwe Eckardt Markus P.Schneider Rafael Kramann Jürgen Floege Turgay Saritas Department of Nephrology Rheumatologyand Clinical ImmunologyUniversity Hospital RWTH AachenAachenGermany Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany Institute of Medical Biometry Informatics and EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of BonnBonnGermany Department of Nephrology and Hypertension University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Institute of Genetic Epidemiology Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Department of Medicine IV-Nephrology and Primary Care Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Nephrology University Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany DZHK(German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site GreifswaldUniversity MedicineGreifswaldGermany Department of Medicine I Division of NephrologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany

Mineral and bone disorder(MBD)in chronic kidney disease(CKD)is tightly linked to cardiovascular disease(CVD).In this study,we aimed to compare the prognostic value of nine MBD biomarkers to determine those associated best with adverse cardiovascular(CV)outcomes and *** 5217 participants of the German CKD(GCKD)study enrolled with an estimated glomerular filtration rate(eG FR)between 30–60 mL·min-1 per 1.73 m2 or overt proteinuria,serum osteoprotegerin(OPG),C-terminal fibroblast growth factor-23(FGF23),intact parathyroid hormone(iP TH),bone alkaline phosphatase(BAP),cross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen(CTX1),procollagen 1intact N-terminal propeptide(P1NP),phosphate,calcium,and 25-OH vitamin D were measured at *** with missing values among these parameters(n=971)were excluded,leaving a total of 4246 participants for *** a median follow-up of6.5 years,387 non-CV deaths,173 CV deaths,645 nonfatal major adverse CV events(MACEs)and 368 hospitalizations for congestive heart failure(CHF)were *** and FGF23 were associated with all outcomes,with the highest hazard ratios(HRs)for *** the final Cox regression model,adjusted for CV risk factors,including kidney function and all other investigated biomarkers,each standard deviation increase in OPG was associated with non-CV death(HR 1.76,95%CI:1.35–2.30),CV death(HR 2.18,95%CI:1.50–3.16),MACE(HR 1.38,95%CI:1.12–1.71)and hospitalization for CHF(HR 2.05,95%CI:1.56–2.69).Out of the nine biomarkers examined,stratification based on serum OPG best identified the CKD patients who were at the highest risk for any adverse CV outcome and mortality.

关键词： Kidney cardiovascular vitamin

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