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Multi-segment linear gradient optimization strategy based on resolution map in HPLC

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Science China Chemistry 2006年第4期49卷 315-325页

作者： andreas seidel-morgenstern Max-Planck-Institut fr Dynamik Komplexer Technischer Systeme Magdeburg 39106 Germany

Based on the mechanism of chromatographic retention (the relationship between the retention of solute and the mobile phase conditions) and method of resolution map, several methods of optimizing multi-segment linear gradient elution conditions were proposed according to the different separation requirements of various samples. These methods were verified using literature data. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were compared. It was proved that the third method is a fast optimization method which is capable of separating all the components with relatively high resolution.

关键词： optimization, multi-segment, linear gradient, resolution map, liquid chromatography.

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径向色谱中溶质的输运特征

中国科学（B辑） 2005年第2期35卷 103-109页

作者：张维冰单亦初 andreas seidel-morgenstern 张玉奎中国科学院大连化学物理研究所国家色谱研究分析中心大连116011 Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme Magdeburg 德国

基于溶质在径向色谱柱内输运的质量平衡方程,在线性分配条件下,得到了描述分离柱效和流出曲线形状各参数的理论表达式,也对柱效和流出曲线对称性的变化趋势加以系统讨论.结果表明:径向色谱中,柱效与体积流速之间的关系与轴向色谱中柱效... 详细信息

基于溶质在径向色谱柱内输运的质量平衡方程,在线性分配条件下,得到了描述分离柱效和流出曲线形状各参数的理论表达式,也对柱效和流出曲线对称性的变化趋势加以系统讨论.结果表明:径向色谱中,柱效与体积流速之间的关系与轴向色谱中柱效与流动相线速度的关系在趋势上相同;在较高流速下运行时,径向色谱仍可以得到高柱效.随着溶质容量因子、进样时间的增加,柱效单调降低.柱直径和柱长对柱效的影响存在交叉,设计半径较大而长度较短的色谱柱将更有利于提高分离柱效.径向色谱适宜于大分子样品的稳定分离方法建立,也预示其对于蛋白、DNA等样品的制备分离具有明显优势.

关键词：径向溶质输运特征理论表达式平衡方程曲线形状变化趋势流出曲线容量因子进样时间分离方法制备分离色谱柱柱效性分配对称性线速度流动相大分子 DNA 流速样品体积直径单调

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基于分离度图的HPLC线性多阶梯优化策略

中国科学（B辑） 2006年第2期36卷 130-138页

作者：单亦初张维冰 andreas seidel-morgenstern 赵瑞环张玉奎 Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik Komplexer Technischer Systeme 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所国家色谱研究分析中心大连116011

基于色谱保留机理(保留与流动相条件之间的关系)和分离度图方法,根据对于样品分离要求的不同,提出了对多阶梯线性梯度液相色谱洗脱条件进行优化的三种策略,也通过文献数据进行模拟分离和方法验证,比较了不同方法的优缺点.证明第三种策... 详细信息

基于色谱保留机理(保留与流动相条件之间的关系)和分离度图方法,根据对于样品分离要求的不同,提出了对多阶梯线性梯度液相色谱洗脱条件进行优化的三种策略,也通过文献数据进行模拟分离和方法验证,比较了不同方法的优缺点.证明第三种策略是一种较为快速,并且可以使各阶梯上组分都能得到较好分离的优化方法.

关键词：优化多阶梯线性梯度分离度图液相色谱

Dependence of impact regime boundaries on the initial temperatures of projectiles and targets

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 49-57页

作者： Stefano Signetti andreas Heine Fraunhofer-Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik Ernst-Mach-InstitutEMIErnst-Zermelo-Str.479104 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany

Towards higher impact velocities,ballistic events are increasingly determined by the material *** effects might range from moderate thermal softening to full phase *** particular,it is of great interest to quantify the conditions for incipient or full melting of metals during impact interactions,which result in a transition from still strength-affected to hydrodynamic material *** this work,we investigate to which extent the respective melting thresholds are also dependent on the initial,and generally elevated,temperatures of projectiles and targets before *** is studied through the application of a model developed recently by the authors to characterize the transition regime between high-velocity and hypervelocity impact,for which the melting thresholds of materials were used as the defining *** obtained results are expected to be of general interest for ballistic application cases where projectiles or targets are *** conditions might result,for example,from aerodynamic forces acting onto a projectile during atmospheric flight,explosive shapedcharge-jet formation or armor exposure to environmental *** performed analyses also broaden the scientific understanding of the relevance of temperature in penetration events,generally known since the 1960s,but often not considered thoroughly in impact studies.

关键词： Ballistic impact Thermal effects Metallic targets Energy partitioning Homologous temperature

Snapshot imaging of ultrashort electron bunches

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1226-1228页

作者： andreas Döpp Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München Am Coulombwall 185748GarchingGermany Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1Garching85748Germany

New measurements combine spatial and temporal information from optical transition radiation to estimate the three-dimensional structure of electron bunches from a laser wakefield accelerator.

关键词： ultrashort Snapshot electron

The interaction between a shaped charge jet and a single moving plate

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 1-13页

作者： andreas Helte Jonas Lundgren Jonas Candle FOI WeaponsProtection and SecuritySE-16490StockholmSweden

Reactive armour is a very efficient add-on armour against shaped charge *** reactive armour consists of one or several plates that are accelerated by an *** but less violent acceleration of plates can also be achieved in a completely inert reactive *** be efficient against elongated jets,the motion of the plates needs to be inclined against the jet such that a sliding contact between the jet and the plates is *** sliding contact causes a deflection and thinning of the *** certain circumstances,the contact will become unstable,leading to severe disturbances on the *** disturbances will drastically reduce the jet penetration performance and it is therefore of interest to study the conditions that leads to an unstable *** studies on the interaction between shaped charge jets and flyer plates have shown that it is mainly the forward moving plate in an explosive reactive armour that is effective in disturbing the *** is usually attributed to the higher plate-to-jet mass flux ratio involved in the collision of the forward moving plate compared to the backward moving *** slow moving plates,as occurs in inert reactive armour,the difference in mass flux for the forward and backward moving plate is much lesser,and it is therefore of interest to study if other factors than the mass flux influences on the protection *** this work,experiments have been performed where a plate is accelerated along its length,interacting with a shaped charge jet that is fired at an oblique angle to the plate’s normal,either against or along the plate’s *** arrangement corresponds to a jet interacting with a flyer plate from a reactive armour,with the exception that the collision velocity is the same for both types of obliquities in these *** experiments show that disturbances on the jet are different in the two cases even though the collision velocities are the *** simulatio

关键词： Reactive armour Flyer plate Shaped charge jet

Note on:“Ballistic model for the prediction of penetration depth and residual velocity in adobe:A new interpretation of the ballistic resistance of earthen masonry”

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 607-609页

作者： andreas Heine Matthias Wickert Fraunhofer EMI Ernst-Zermelo-Str.479104FreiburgGermany

A recently published modeling approach for the penetration into adobe and previous approaches implicitly criticized are reviewed and *** article contains a note on the paper titled“Ballistic model for the prediction of penetration depth and residual velocity in adobe:A new interpretation of the ballistic resistance of earthen masonry”(DOI:https://***/10.1016/***.2018.07.017).Reply to the Note from Li Piani et al is linked to this article.

关键词： adobe prediction earth

Cholesterol business:lifeor death byrust

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第4期9卷 1247-1248页

作者： Shubhangi Gavalil Francesca Maremonti andreas Linkermann Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine 3University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universitat DresdenDresdenGermany Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA

In two recent manuscripts published in Nature,the cholesterol-synthesis pathway was identified as a master regulator of ferroptosis sensitivity and therefore as a novel therapeutic target.1,2 Ferroptosis does not only represent one way to eliminate cancer cells,but also contributes to acute organ damage in the kidney,heart,brain,and liver,and it kills tissues during the process of organ *** term“ferroptosis”should be defined as a cellular process of iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation-mediated rupture of the plasma membrane.

关键词： rupture death damage

Odd-even effects in the structure and properties of aryl-substituted aliphatic self-assembled monolayers

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4231-4243页

作者： Piotr Cyganik andreas Terfort Michael Zharnikov Jagiellonian University Faculty of PhysicsAstronomy and Applied Computer ScienceSmoluchowski Institute of PhysicsŁojasiewicza 1130-348 KrakówPoland Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 760438 FrankfurtGermany Applied Physical Chemistry Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 25369120 HeidelbergGermany

Self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)represent an important tool in context of nanofabrication and molecular engineering of surfaces and *** properties of functional SAMs depend not only on the character of the tail groups at the SAM-ambient interface,but are also largely defined by their *** its turn,the latter parameter results from a complex interplay of the structural forces and a variety of other factors,including so called odd-even effects,*** of the SAM structure and properties on the parity of the number(odd or even)of individual building blocks in the backbone of the SAM *** most impressive manifestation of the odd-even effects is the structure of aryl-substituted alkanethiolate SAMs on Au(111)and Ag(111),in which,in spite of the fact that the intermolecular interaction is mostly determined by the aryl part of the monolayers,one observes a pronounced dependence of molecular inclination and,consequently,the packing density of the SAM-forming molecules on the parity of number of methylene units in the alkyl *** we review the properties of the above systems as well as address fundamental reasons behind the odd-even effects,including the existence of a so-called bending potential,which is frequently disregarded in analysis of the structure-building *** generality of the odd-even effects in SAMs is additionally supported by the recent data for SAMs on GaAs,scanning tunneling microscopy data for SAMs on Ag(111),and the data for the monolayers with selenolate and carboxyl anchoring groups on Au(111)and Ag(111).The implications of these effects in terms of the control over the packing density and orientation of the tail groups at the SAM-ambient interface,structural perfection,polymorphism,temperature-driven phase transitions,and SAM stability toward such factors as ionizing radiation,exchange reaction,and electrochemical desorption are *** implications place the odd-even effects as an important tool

关键词： self-assembled monolayers molecular films surface and interface engineering odd-even-effects