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Retrograde signaling in plants: A critical review focusing on the GUN pathway and beyond

Plant Communications 2023年第1期4卷 304-323页

作者： andreas s.richter Thomas Nägele Bernhard Grimm Kerstin Kaufmann Michael schroda Dario Leister Tatjana Kleine Physiology of Plant Metabolism Institute for BiosciencesUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str.318059 RostockGermany Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology Faculty of BiologyLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München82152 Planegg-MartinsriedGermany Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinPhilippstr.1310115 BerlinGermany Plant Cell and Molecular Biology Institute of BiologyHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinPhilippstr.1310115 BerlinGermany Molecular Biotechnology and systems Biology TU KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany Plant Molecular Biology(Botany) Faculty of BiologyLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München82152 Planegg-MartinsriedGermany

Plastids communicate their developmental and physiological status to the nucleus via retrograde signaling,allowing nuclear gene expression to be adjusted appropriately.signaling during plastid biogenesis and responses of mature chloroplasts to environmental changes are designated“biogenic”and“operational”controls,respectively.A prominent example of the investigation of biogenic signaling is the screen for gun(genomes uncoupled)mutants.Although the first five gun mutants were identified 30 years ago,the functions of GUN proteins in retrograde signaling remain controversial,and that of GUN1 is hotly disputed.Here,we provide background information and critically discuss recently proposed concepts that address GUN-related signaling and some novel gun mutants.Moreover,considering heme as a candidate in retrograde signaling,we revisit the spatial organization of heme biosynthesis and export from plastids.Although this review focuses on GUN pathways,we also highlight recent progress in the identification and elucidation of chloroplast-derived signals that regulate the acclimation response in green algae and plants.Here,stress-induced accumulation of unfolded/misassembled chloroplast proteins evokes a chloroplast-specific unfolded protein response,which leads to changes in the expression levels of nucleus-encoded chaperones and proteases to restore plastid protein homeostasis.We also address the importance of chloroplast-derived signals for activation of flavonoid biosynthesis leading to production of anthocyanins during stress acclimation through sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 1.Finally,a framework for identification and quantification of intercompartmental signaling cascades at the proteomic and metabolomic levels is provided,and we discuss future directions of dissection of organelle-nucleus communication.

关键词： chloroplast chloroplast unfolded protein response genomes uncoupled gun retrograde signaling subcellular proteomes subcellular metabolomes

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Triose phosphate export from chloroplasts and cellular sugar content regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis during high light acclimation

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Plant Communications 2023年第1期4卷 42-61页

作者： Max-Emanuel Zirngibl Galileo Estopare Araguirang Anastasia Kitashova Kathrin Jahnke Tobias Rolka Christine Kühn Thomas Nägele andreas s.richter University of Rostock Institute for BiosciencesPhysiology of Plant MetabolismAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 318059 RostockGermany Humboldt-Universit€at zu Berlin Institute of BiologyPhysiology of Plant Cell OrganellesPhilippstrasse 1310115 BerlinGermany Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit€at M€unchen Faculty of BiologyPlant Evolutionary Cell Biology82152 Planegg-MartinsriedGermany

Plants have evolvedmultiple strategies to cope with rapid changes in the environment.During high light(HL)acclimation,the biosynthesis of photoprotective flavonoids,such as anthocyanins,is induced.However,the exact nature of the signal and downstreamfactors forHL induction of flavonoid biosynthesis(FB)is still under debate.Here,we show that carbon fixation in chloroplasts,subsequent export of photosynthates by triose phosphate/phosphate translocator(TPT),and rapid increase in cellular sugar content permit the transcriptional and metabolic activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis during HL acclimation.In combination with genetic and physiological analysis,targeted and whole-transcriptome gene expression studies suggest that reactive oxygen species and phytohormones play only a minor role in rapid HL induction of the anthocyanin branch of FB.In addition to transcripts of FB,sugar-responsive genes showed delayed repression or induction in tpt-2 during HL treatment,and a significant overlapwith transcripts regulated by sNF1-related protein kinase 1(snRK1)was observed,including a central transcription factor of FB.Analysis of mutants with increased and repressed snRK1 activity suggests that sugar-induced inactivation of snRK1 is required for HL-mediated activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis.Our study emphasizes the central role of chloroplasts as sensors for environmental changes as well as the vital function of sugar signaling in plant acclimation.

关键词： flavonoid biosynthesis acclimation sugar signaling high light anthocyanin snRK1

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Dependence of impact regime boundaries on the initial temperatures of projectiles and targets

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 49-57页

作者： stefano signetti andreas Heine Fraunhofer-Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik Ernst-Mach-InstitutEMIErnst-Zermelo-Str.479104 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany

Towards higher impact velocities,ballistic events are increasingly determined by the material temperatures.Related effects might range from moderate thermal softening to full phase transition.In particular,it is of great interest to quantify the conditions for incipient or full melting of metals during impact interactions,which result in a transition from still strength-affected to hydrodynamic material behavior.In this work,we investigate to which extent the respective melting thresholds are also dependent on the initial,and generally elevated,temperatures of projectiles and targets before impact.This is studied through the application of a model developed recently by the authors to characterize the transition regime between high-velocity and hypervelocity impact,for which the melting thresholds of materials were used as the defining quantities.The obtained results are expected to be of general interest for ballistic application cases where projectiles or targets are preheated.such conditions might result,for example,from aerodynamic forces acting onto a projectile during atmospheric flight,explosive shapedcharge-jet formation or armor exposure to environmental conditions.The performed analyses also broaden the scientific understanding of the relevance of temperature in penetration events,generally known since the 1960s,but often not considered thoroughly in impact studies.

关键词： Ballistic impact Thermal effects Metallic targets Energy partitioning Homologous temperature

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The interaction between a shaped charge jet and a single moving plate

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 1-13页

作者： andreas Helte Jonas Lundgren Jonas Candle FOI WeaponsProtection and SecuritySE-16490StockholmSweden

Reactive armour is a very efficient add-on armour against shaped charge threats.Explosive reactive armour consists of one or several plates that are accelerated by an explosive.similar but less violent acceleration of plates can also be achieved in a completely inert reactive armour.To be efficient against elongated jets,the motion of the plates needs to be inclined against the jet such that a sliding contact between the jet and the plates is established.This sliding contact causes a deflection and thinning of the jet.Under certain circumstances,the contact will become unstable,leading to severe disturbances on the jet.These disturbances will drastically reduce the jet penetration performance and it is therefore of interest to study the conditions that leads to an unstable contact.Previous studies on the interaction between shaped charge jets and flyer plates have shown that it is mainly the forward moving plate in an explosive reactive armour that is effective in disturbing the jet.This is usually attributed to the higher plate-to-jet mass flux ratio involved in the collision of the forward moving plate compared to the backward moving plate.For slow moving plates,as occurs in inert reactive armour,the difference in mass flux for the forward and backward moving plate is much lesser,and it is therefore of interest to study if other factors than the mass flux influences on the protection capability.In this work,experiments have been performed where a plate is accelerated along its length,interacting with a shaped charge jet that is fired at an oblique angle to the plate’s normal,either against or along the plate’s velocity.The arrangement corresponds to a jet interacting with a flyer plate from a reactive armour,with the exception that the collision velocity is the same for both types of obliquities in these experiments.The experiments show that disturbances on the jet are different in the two cases even though the collision velocities are the same.Numerical simulations of the interaction support the observation.Th

关键词： Reactive armour Flyer plate shaped charge jet

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MXene-Based Elastomer Mimetic stretchablesensors: Design, Properties, and Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 295-342页

作者： Poushali Das Parham Khoshbakht Marvi sayan Ganguly Xiaowu(shirley)Tang Bo Wang seshasai srinivasan Amin Reza Rajabzadeh andreas Rosenkranz school of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University1280 Main Street WestHamiltonON L8S 4L8Canada Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology(WIN) University of Waterloo200 University Ave WestWaterlooONCanada Centre for Eye and Vision Research(CEVR) 17W Hong Kong Science ParkShatinHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Chair of Functional Materials Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSaarland UniversitySaarbruckenGermany W Booth school of Engineering Practice and Technology McMaster University1280 Main Street WestHamiltonON L8S 4L7Canada Department for Chemical Engineering Biotechnology and MaterialsUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile

Flexible sensors based on MXene-polymer composites are highly prospective for next-generation wearable electronics used in human-machine interfaces.One of the motivating factors behind the progress of flexible sensors is the steady arrival of new conductive materials.MXenes,a new family of 2D nanomaterials,have been draw-ing attention since the last decade due to their high electronic conduc-tivity,processability,mechanical robustness and chemical tunability.In this review,we encompass the fabrication of MXene-based polymeric nanocomposites,their structure-property relationship,and applications in the flexible sensor domain.Moreover,our discussion is not only lim-ited to sensor design,their mechanism,and various modes of sensing platform,but also their future perspective and market throughout the world.With our article,we intend to fortify the bond between flexible matrices and MXenes thus promoting the swift advancement of flexible MXene-sensors for wearable technologies.

关键词： Flexible sensor 2D nanomaterials MXene Wearable and conductive Applications

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Induced Deactivation of Genes Encoding Chlorophyll Biosynthesis Enzymes Disentangles Tetrapyrrole- Mediated Retrograde signaling

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Molecular Plant 2014年第7期7卷 1211-1227页

作者： Hagen schlicke Annabel salinas Hartwig Vivien Firtzlaff andreas s. richter , Christine Glasser Klaus Maier Iris Finkemeier Bernhard Grimm Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology Humboldt University Berlin Philippstr. 13 Building 12 D 10115 Berlin Germany Helmholtz Zentrum Monchen Deutsches Forschungszentrum for Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH) Ingolstadter Landstr. 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany Max-Planck-lnstitute for Plant Breeding Research. Plant Proteomics and Mass spectrometry Group Carl-von-Linne Weg 10 50829 Cologne Germany

In photosynthetic organisms, tetrapyrrole-mediated retrograde signals are proposed to contribute to a bal- anced nuclear gene expression （NGE） in response to metabolic activity in chloroplasts. We followed an experimental short- term approach that allowed the assessment of modified NGE during the first hours of specifically modified enzymatic steps of the Mg branch of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, when pleiotropic effects of other signals can be avoided. In response to 24-h-induced silencing of CHLH, CHLM, and CHL27 encoding the CHLH subunit of Mg chelatase, the Mg protoporphyrin methyltransferase and Mg protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase, respectively, deactivated gene expression rapidly led to reduced activity of the corresponding enzymes and altered Mg porphyrin levels. But NGE was not substantially altered. When these three genes were continuously inactivated for up to 4 d, changes of transcript levels of nuclear genes were determined. CHL27 silencing for more than 24h results in necrotic leaf lesions and modulated transcript levels of oxidative stress-responsive and photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes （PhANGs）. The prolonged deactivation of CHLH and CHLM results in slightly elevated transcript levels of PhANGs and tetrapyrrole-associated genes. These time-resolved studies indicate a complex scenario for the contribution of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis on NGE mediated by IO2-induced signaling and feedback-regulated ALA synthesis.

关键词： plastid signal transcription analysis retrograde signal tetrapyrrole metabolism Mg protoporphyrin.

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Chronic effects of stretching on range of motion with consideration of potential moderating variables:A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第2期13卷 186-194页

作者： andreas Konrad shahab Alizadeh Abdolhamid Daneshjoo saman Hadjizadeh Anvar Andrew Graham Ali Zahiri Reza Goudini Chris Edwards Carina scharf David George Behm Institute of Human Movement science Sport and HealthGraz UniversityGraz A-8010Austria school of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNL A1C 5S7Canada Department of sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport SciencesShahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman 76169-13439Iran

Background:It is well known that stretch training can induce prolonged increases in joint range of motion(ROM).However,to date more information is needed regarding which training variables might have greater influence on improvements in flexibility.Thus,the purpose of this metaanalysis was to investigate the effects of stretch training on ROM in healthy participants by considering potential moderating variables,such as stretching technique,intensity,duration,frequency,and muscles stretched,as well as sex-specific,age-specific,and/or trained state-specific adaptations to stretch training.Methods:We searched through PubMed,scopus,Web of science,and sportDiscus to find eligible studies and,finally,assessed the results from 77 studies and 186 effect sizes by applying a random-effect meta-analysis.Moreover,by applying a mixed-effect model,we performed the respective subgroup analyses.To find potential relationships between stretch duration or age and effect sizes,we performed a meta-regression.Results:We found a significant overall effect,indicating that stretch training can increase ROM with a moderate effect compared to the controls(effect size=-1.002;Z=-12.074;95%confidence interval:-1.165 to-0.840;psubgroup analysis showed a significant difference between the stretching techniques(p=0.01)indicating that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and static stretching produced greater ROM than did ballistic/dynamic stretching.Moreover,there was a significant effect between the sexes(p=0.04),indicating that females showed higher gains in ROM compared to males.However,further moderating analysis showed no significant relation or difference.Conclusion:When the goal is to maximize ROM in the long term,proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation or static stretching,rather than ballistic/dynamic stretching,should be applied.something to consider in future research as well as sports practice is that neither volume,intensity,nor frequency of stretching were found to play a significant role in ROM yields.

关键词： Flexibility Long-term stretching stretch training

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Zeno and the Wrong Understanding of Motion—A Philosophical-Mathematical Inquiry into the Concept of Finitude as a Peculiarity of Infinity

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第3期12卷 912-929页

作者： andreas Herberg-Rothe Faculty of social and Cultural studies University of Applied Sciences Fulda Hesse Germany

In contrast to the solutions of applied mathematics to Zeno’s paradoxes, I focus on the concept of motion and show that, by distinguishing two different forms of motion, Zeno’s apparent paradoxes are not paradoxical at all. Zeno’s paradoxes indirectly prove that distances are not composed of extensionless points and, in general, that a higher dimension cannot be completely composed of lower ones. Conversely, lower dimensions can be understood as special cases of higher dimensions. To illustrate this approach, I consider Cantor’s only apparent proof that the real numbers are uncountable. However, his widely accepted indirect proof has the disadvantage that it depends on whether there is another way to make the real numbers countable. Cantor rightly assumes that there can be no smallest number between 0 and 1, and therefore no beginning of counting. For this reason he arbitrarily lists the real numbers in order to show with his diagonal method that this list can never be complete. The situation is different if we start with the largest number between 0 and 1 (0.999…) and use the method of an inverted triangle, which can be understood as a special fractal form. Here we can construct a vertical and a horizontal stratification with which it is actually possible to construct all real numbers between 0 and 1 without exception. Each column is infinite, and each number in that column is the starting point of a new triangle, while each row is finite. Even in a simple sine curve, we experience finiteness with respect to the y-axis and infinity with respect to the x-axis. The first parts of this article show that Zeno’s assumptions contradict the concept of motion as such, so it is not surprising that this misconstruction leads to contradictions. In the last part, I discuss Cantor’s diagonal method and explain the method of an inverted triangle that is internally structured like a fractal by repeating this inverted triangle at each column. The consequence is that we encounter two very different methods of counting. Verticall

关键词： Zeno False Assumptions about Motion Finitude Infinity Cantor’s Diagonal Method Inverted Triangle as a Different Method Vertical and Horizontal Dimensions Quantum Theory Relativity of space and Time Depending on Velocity

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Development of a Web-Based GIs of Flood Zones in the Municipality of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Geographic Information system 2024年第1期16卷 32-43页

作者： Halidou Kafando Blaise Ouedraogo Vincent Nduka Ojeh andreas Rienow Aliou Gadiaga Ibrahim Elh Maman Garba WAsCAL Graduate Research Programme on Climate Change and Education Department of Agriculture and Environment Science University of The Gambia Kanifing The Gambia Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Geography Faculty of Social Sciences Taraba State University Jalingo Nigeria Interdisciplinary Geographic Information science Institute of Geography Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum Germany WAsCAL Graduate Research Programme on Climate Change and Human Habitat University of Mina Mina Nigeria

This document describes the creation of an informative Web GIs aimed at mitigating the impacts of flooding in the municipality of Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, a region that is highly sensitive to climate change. Burkina Faso, which is undergoing rapid urbanization, faces major natural threats, particularly flooding, as demonstrated by the severe floods of 2009 that caused loss of life, injury, structural damage and economic losses in Ouagadougou. The aim of this research is to develop a web map highlighting the municipality’s flood-prone areas, with a view to informing and raising awareness of flood risk reduction. Using the Leaflet Javascript mapping library, the study uses HTML, Css and Javascript to implement web mapping technology. Data on Ouagadougou’s flood zones is generated by a multi-criteria analysis combining saaty’s AHP method and GIs in QGIs, integrating seven (7) parameters including hydrography, altitude, slope, rainfall, soil types, land use and soil moisture index. QGIs processes and maps the themes, PostgresQL with PostGIs serves as the DBMs and Geoserver functions as the map server. The Web GIs platform allows users to visualize the different flood risks, from very low to very high, or the high-risk areas specific to Ouagadougou. The AHP calculations classify the municipality into five flood vulnerability zones: very low (24.48%), low (27.93%), medium (23.01%), high (17.11%) and very high (7.47%). Effective risk management requires communication and awareness-raising. This online mapping application serves as a tool for communication, management and flood prevention in Ouagadougou, helping to mitigate flood-related natural disasters.

关键词： Web GIs Flood Mapping Leaflet Javascript Mapping Library Analysis Hierarchical Processes (AHP) Climate Change Adaptation Ouagadougou Municipality

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Paving the Way for Economically Accepted and Technically Pronounced smart Radio Environment

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China Communications 2022年第8期19卷 247-266页

作者： Mostafa salah andreas Pitsillides Ahmed s.Mubarak Department of Electrical Engineering Sohag UniversitySohagEgypt Department of Computer science University of CyprusNicosiaCyprus Visiting Professor University of JohannesburgDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ScienceJohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Electrical Engineering Aswan UniversityAswanEgypt

Recently,Reconfigurable Intelligent surfaces(RIss)have been introduced to provide the necessary flexibility for the design of the smart Radio Environment(sRE),which can be optimally shaped to facilitate efficient signal transmissions.In line with the concept of smart cities,sRE needs to be carefully designed with respect to the city infrastructure and utilization of resources.In this paper,we provide our vision on RIs integration into future smart Cities by highlighting the potential technical,environmental,and economic motivations of RIs deployment in harmony with various ecosystems at a city level such as buildings facades.To this end,we are pointing out some scenarios for mitigating the conflict between RIs realization and the existing building facade’s ecosystems such as advertising display and solar cells on building walls.Also,in this fashion,the proposed vision supports a win-win relationship between all stakeholders of different ecosystems.This study presents guidelines for not only enabling seamless economically accepted RIs widespread utilization but,also more technically sounding sRE by supporting enhanced RIs features and more advanced applications that cannot be attained by traditional passive RIs.Moreover,based on the current research directions,we offer promising insights for cost-effective mass pro-duction through motivating two scenarios of“all on silicon”and“all as metasurface”fabrication technology.With this study,we aim to encourage the metasurface researchers,that for a broad deployment of the technical solution,economic,environmental,and other commercial requirements should be planned together,early on in the design phase.

关键词： smart radio environment(sRE) reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIs) 6G passive/active metasurface

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