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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第4期9卷 556-570页

作者： Yu Song Madhav V.Chitturi William F.Bremer andrea r.bill David A.Noyce Connecticut Transportation Institute University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Traffic Operations and Safety Laboratory Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA

The purposes of this paper are to better understand the design and impact of left turn lane offset and provide state transportation agencies recommendations on best practices and alternative design options to address left turn sight line obstruction *** studies and existing guidelines on left turn lane offset were reviewed and summarized to offer insights in driver sight distance and behavior,intersection safety and operations,as well as design elements related to left turn lane *** showed that at both unsignalized intersections and signalized intersections with permitted left turns,obstructed sight line could cause higher possibilities of collisions between left turning vehicles and oncoming vehicles from the opposing *** evaluations of left turn lane offset,with data from multiple states in the United States,reported that positive left turn lane offsets were beneficial in terms of safety and *** agency guidelines provided very limited discussions about left turn lane *** review demonstrated that positive left turn lane offsets are beneficial to intersection safety and *** on the review of research and guidelines,recommendations were provided for transportation agencies for left turn lane offset implementation.A discussion on new left turn design concepts was also included to point out directions for future research and practice.

关键词： Traffic engineering Intersection Left turn lane Offset Safety Operation

Scalable and Accessible Crash Hot Spot Detection for Traffic Law Enforcement

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2021年第2期11卷 265-283页

作者： Beau Burdett ran Yi Steven T. Parker andrea bill David A. Noyce Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA

Law enforcement agencies have begun utilizing traffic and crash data to improve traffic law enforcement delivery. However, many agencies often do not have the resources or expertise to harness fully the benefits this data offers. A free to use, scalable traffic crash hot spot detection tool was developed to aid law enforcement agency decision makers, statewide to the local municipality level. The tool was developed to identify crash hot spots algorithmically with a range of customizable parameters based on location, date and time, and crash factors, enabling quick, dynamic queries. These capabilities provide the ability for law enforcement agencies to conduct “what if” analyses and make data-driven allocation decisions, placing officer resources where they are most needed. The two-step algorithm first identifies potential hot spots based on crash density and then ranks each hot spot using a standardized z-score rdana;">measure of relative significance. To test the viability of the tool, a pilot was conducted identifying 27 hot spots across Wisconsin where targeted enforcement was then deployed. Despite officer skepticism, results from the pilot found officers at sites targeted for speeding and seatbelt violations were nearly twice as likely to initiate traffic stops compared to non-targeted hot spots. Empirical Bayes before-and-after crash analyses found fatal and injury crashes reduced significantly by nearly 11% during the months with targeted enforcement, while property damage crashes and total crashes were unchanged. Overall, the results show the algorithm can identify hotspots where, coupled with targeted enforcement, traffic safety improvements can be made.

关键词： Hot Spots Law Enforcement Traffic Data Crash Data

Comparisons of two global built area land cover datasets in methods to disaggregate human population in eleven countries from the global South

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第1期13卷 78-100页

作者： Forrest r.Stevens andrea E.Gaughan Jeremiah JNieves Adam King Alessandro Sorichetta Catherine Linard Andrew JTatem Department of Geography and Geosciences University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA WorldPop Department of Geography and EnvironmentUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Spatial Epidemiology Lab(SpELL) UniversitéLibre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium Department of Geography Universitéde NamurNamurBelgium Flowminder Foundation StockholmSweden

Mapping built land cover at unprecedented detail has been facilitated by increasing availability of global high-resolution imagery and image processing *** advances in urban feature extraction and built-area detection can refine the mapping of human population densities,especially in lower income countries where rapid urbanization and changing population is accompanied by frequently out-of-date or inaccurate census ***,in these contexts it is unclear how best to use built-area data to disaggregate areal,count-based census *** we tested two methods using remotely sensed,built-area land cover data to disaggregate population *** included simple,areal weighting and more complex statistical models with other ancillary *** were assessed across eleven countries,representing different world regions varying in population densities,types of built infrastructure,and environmental *** found that for seven of 11 countries a random Forest-based,machine learning approach outperforms simple,binary dasymetric disaggregation into remotely-sensed built *** these more complex models there was little evidence to support using any single built land cover input over the rest,and in most cases using more than one built-area data product resulted in higher predictive *** discuss these results and implications for future population modeling approaches.

关键词： Land cover built areas remote sensing settlement mapping population modeling

Modelling changing population distributions:an example of the Kenyan Coast,1979–2009

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第10期10卷 1017-1029页

作者： Catherine Linard Caroline W.Kabaria Marius Gilbert Andrew J.Tatem andrea E.Gaughan Forrest r.Stevens Alessandro Sorichetta Abdisalan M.Noor robert W.Snow Spatial Epidemiology Lab(SpELL) UniversitéLibre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium Department of Geography Universitéde NamurNamurBelgium Spatial Health Metrics Group KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeNairobiKenya Fonds National de la recherche Scientifique(F.r.S.-FNrS) BrusselsBelgium WorldPop Department of Geography and EnvironmentUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Fogarty International Center National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Flowminder Foundation StockholmSweden Department of Geography and Geosciences University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK

Large-scale gridded population datasets are usually produced for the year of input census data using a top-down approach and projected backward and forward in time using national growth *** temporal projections do not include any subnational variation in population distribution trends and ignore changes in geographical covariates such as urban land cover *** predictions of population distribution changes over time require the use of a limited number of covariates that are time-invariant or temporally *** we make use of recently released multi-temporal high-resolution global settlement layers,historical census data and latest developments in population distribution modelling methods to reconstruct population distribution changes over 30 years across the Kenyan *** explore the methodological challenges associated with the production of gridded population distribution time-series in data-scarce countries and show that trade-offs have to be found between spatial and temporal resolutions when selecting the best modelling *** used to fill data gaps may vary according to the local context and the objective of the *** work will hopefully serve as a benchmark for future developments of population distribution time-series that are increasingly required for population-at-risk estimations and spatial modelling in various fields.

关键词： Human population distribution modelling gridded population datasets temporal change Kenya

芦鹀种群中的文化、遗传和形态进化的同时比较(英文)

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动物学报 2004年第5期50卷 730-737页

作者： Giuliano MATESSI andrea PILASTrO Guglielmo MArIN Animal Behaviour Group Biological InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenTagensvej 16DK-2200 CopenhagenDenmarkDipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di PadovaItalyDipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di PadovaItaly

我们比较了芦 (Emberizaschoeniclus)两个亚种组 ,即北部的薄喙亚种组和南部的厚喙亚种组的 10个种群中的文化、遗传和形态变异。使用了四个不同的变异标记物 ,其中两个用来测量文化分化 ,一个用来测量遗传分化 ,即微卫星等位基因的频... 详细信息

我们比较了芦 (Emberizaschoeniclus)两个亚种组 ,即北部的薄喙亚种组和南部的厚喙亚种组的 10个种群中的文化、遗传和形态变异。使用了四个不同的变异标记物 ,其中两个用来测量文化分化 ,一个用来测量遗传分化 ,即微卫星等位基因的频次 ,一个用来测量种群的形态分化 ,即喙的高度。将遗传分化作为进化时间的尺度 ,我们计算了亚种组间和组内分化指标与所估计的进化率之间的相关性 ,发现只有文化定量指标和遗传分化与种群的形态分化相关 ,而两个文化分化指标之间没有关系 ,文化分化与遗传分化之间也没有关系。使用文化 -定量分化指标 ,发现亚种组间的文化进化率高于亚种内的文化进化率 ,提示鸣唱在防止杂交方面只有微弱的、也许是次要的作用。鸣唱定量特征的变异与微卫星频次相同 ,实际上在自然界中更可能是遗传决定的 ,这可以解释由于分析两个文化变异指标所得出的结果的不一致性。鸣唱的声学特性可能由于栖息地的差异或形态上的限制而发生了演变 ,而文化传播单位 (Meme)

关键词：亚种种群遗传分化形态分化微卫星杂交变异标记物等位基因定量

Global spatio-temporally harmonised datasets for producing high-resolution gridded population distribution datasets

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Big Earth Data 2019年第2期3卷 108-139页

作者： Christopher T.Lloyd Heather Chamberlain David Kerr Greg Yetman Linda Pistolesi Forrest r.Stevens andrea E.Gaughan Jeremiah J.Nieves Graeme Hornby Kytt MacManus Parmanand Sinha Maksym Bondarenko Alessandro Sorichetta Andrew J.Tatem WorldPop School of Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Flowminder Foundation StockholmSweden Center for International Earth Science Information Network(CIESIN) Columbia UniversityPalisadesNYUSA Department of Geography and Geosciences University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA GeoData University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

Multi-temporal,globally consistent,high-resolution human population datasets provide consistent and comparable population distributions in support of mapping sub-national heterogeneities in health,wealth,and resource access,and monitoring change in these over *** production of more reliable and spatially detailed population datasets is increasingly necessary due to the importance of improving metrics at sub-national and multitemporal *** is in support of measurement and monitoring of UN Sustainable Development Goals and related *** response to these agendas,a method has been developed to assemble and harmonise a unique,open access,archive of geospatial *** are provided as global,annual time series,where pertinent at the timescale of population analyses and where data is available,for use in the construction of population distribution *** archive includes sub-national census-based population estimates,matched to a geospatial layer denoting administrative unit boundaries,and a number of co-registered gridded geospatial factors that correlate strongly with population presence and ***,we describe these harmonised datasets and their limitations,along with the production ***,we demonstrate applications of the archive by producing multi-temporal gridded population outputs for Africa and using these to derive health and development *** geospatial archive is available at https://***/10.5258/SOTON/WP00650.

关键词： Human population subnational global spatial dataset multi-temporal

Land use impacts on parasitic infection: a cross-sectional epidemiological study on the role of irrigated agriculture in schistosome infection in a dammed landscape

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第2期10卷 78-78页

作者： andrea J.Lund David Hrehkopf Susanne HSokolow MMoustapha Sam Nicolas Jouanard Anne-Marie Schacht Simon Senghor Assane Fall Gilles riveau Giulio ADe Leo David Lopez-Carr Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and resources Stanford University473 Via Ortega Suite 226StanfordCAUSA 不详

Background:Water resources development promotes agricultural expansion and food *** are these benefits offset by increased infectious disease risk?Dam construction on the Senegal river in 1986 was followed by agricultural expansion and increased transmission of human *** the mechanisms linking these two processes at the individual and household levels remain *** investigated the association between household land use and schistosome infection in children.

关键词： Agriculture Exposure Livelihoods Planetary health Senegal Schistosomiasis Water contact

Burden of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy:first estimates and research priorities

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 1064-1075页

作者： Natalie V.S.Vinkeles Melchers Sarah Mollenkopf robert Colebunders Michael Edlinger Luc E.Coffeng Julia Irani Tresor Zola Joseph N.Siewe Sake Jde Vlas andrea S.Winkler Wilma A.Stolk Department of Public Health Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamP.O.box 20403000CARotterdamThe Netherlands Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington23015th AvenueSuite 600SeattleWA 98121USA Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Department of Medical Statistics Informaticsand Health EconomicsMedical University InnsbruckViennaAustria Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpNationalestraat 1552000 AntwerpBelgium Department of Tropical Medicine University of KinshasaKinshasaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Centre for Global Health Institute for Health and SocietyOsloNorway Center for Global Health Department of NeurologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany

Background:Since the 1990s,evidence has accumulated of an increased prevalence of epilepsy in onchocerciasisendemic areas in Africa as compared to onchocerciasis-free *** the causal relationship between onchocerciasis and epilepsy has yet to be proven,there is likely an *** we discuss the need for disease burden estimates of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE),provide them,detail how such estimates should be refined,and discuss the socioeconomic impact of OAE,including a cost-estimate for anti-epileptic *** body:Providing OAE burden estimates may aid prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas by inciting and informing collaboration between onchocerciasis control programmes and mental health *** not only massively impacts the health of those affected,but it also carries a high socioeconomic burden for the households and communities *** used previously published geospatial estimates of onchocerciasis in Africa and a separately published logistic regression model quantifying the association between onchocerciasis and epilepsy to estimate the number of OAE *** then applied disability weights for epilepsy to quantify the burden in terms of years of life lived with disability(YLD)and estimate the cost of *** estimate that in 2015 roughly 117000 people were affected by OAE across onchocerciasis-endemic areas previously under the African Programme for Onchocerciases control(APOC)mandate where OAE has ever been reported or suspected,and another 264000 persons in onchocerciasis-endemic areas where OAE has never been investigated *** total number of YLDs due to OAE was 39300 and 88700 in these areas respectively,based on a weighted mean disability weight of *** burden of OAE is approximately 13%of the total YLDs attributable to onchocerciasis and 10%of total YLDs attributable to *** estimated that by 2015 the total costs of treatment with antiepileptic drug for OAE cases wou

关键词： river blindness Onchocerciasis Epilepsy Burden estimates Years of life lived with disability review research priorities Prevalence Disability weight Case definition