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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2017年第3期8卷 285-288页

作者： Virginia W Osborn andrea leaf Anna Lee Elizabeth Garay Joseph Safdieh David Schwartz David Schreiber Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System SUNY Downstate Medical Center

We are reporting a case of fatal radiation pneumonitis that developed six months following chemoradiation for limited stage small cell lung cancer.The patient was a 67-year-old man with a past medical history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and remote suspicion for CREST,neither of which were active in the years leading up to treatment.He received 6600 cG y delivered in 200 cG y daily fractions via intensity modulated radiation therapy with concurrent cisplatin/etoposide followed by additional chemotherapy with dosereduced cisplatin/etoposide and carboplatin/etoposide and then received prophylactic cranial irradiation.The subsequent months were notable for progressively worsening episodes of respiratory compromise despite administration of prolonged steroids and he ultimately expired.Imaging demonstrated bilateral interstitial and airspace opacities.Autopsy findings were consistent with pneumonitis secondary to chemoradiation as well as lymphangitic spread of small cell carcinoma.The process was diffuse bilaterally although his radiation was delivered focally to the right lung and mediastinum.

关键词： Radiation Pneumonitis Small cell lung cancer Intensity modulated radiation therapy

Assimilation of NDVI data in a land surface-Vegetation model for leaf area index predictions in a tree-grass ecosystem

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 3810-3837页

作者： Nicola Montaldo andrea Gaspa Roberto Corona Dipartimento di Ingegneria civile ambientale e architetturaUniversita di CagliariCagliariItaly

Periodic observations of vegetation index,such as the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),can be used for data assimilation in heterogenous ecosystems.Indeed,the new Sentinel 2 Multispectral instrument and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager sensor data are available at such high temporal and spatial resolutions that can be used to detect the patches of the main vegetation components(grass and trees)of heterogenous ecosystems,and capture their dynamics.We demonstrate the possibility to merge grass and tree NDVI observations and models,to optimally provide robust predictions of grass and tree leaf area index.The proposed assimilation approach assimilates NDVI data through the Ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF)and dynamically calibrates a key vegetation dynamic model parameter,the maintenance respiration coeffcient(ma).In the presence of large bias of the grass and tree ma base values,only the use of the proposed assimilation approach removes the large bias in the biomass balance,dynamically calibrating maintenance respiration coefficients,and corrects the model.The performance of a land surface-vegetation model was improved by assimilating observations of NDVl.The effective impact of the proposed assimilation approach on the evapotranspiration and CO_(2) uptake predictions in the heterogenous ecosystem is also demonstrated.

关键词： Data assimilation leaf area index heterogenous ecosystem vegetation dynamic model Landsat 8 Sentinel 2

leaf gas exchange characteristics,biomass partitioning,and water use efficiencies of two C4 African grasses under simulated drought

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Grassland Research 2023年第1期2卷 37-45页

作者： Kevin Z.Mganga Jana Kuhla andrea Carminati Johanna Pausch Mutez A.Ahmed Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands Department of Agricultural Sciences South Eastern Kenya UniversityKituiKenya Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research(BayCEER) University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA

Background:Few studies have evaluated the effect of drought on the morphophysiological characteristics of African C_(4) grasses.We investigated how drought affects leaf gas exchange characteristics,biomass partitioning,and water use efficiencies of Enteropogon macrostachyus and Cenchrus ciliaris.Methods:The grasses were grown in a controlled environment under optimum conditions,that is,70%of the maximum water‐holding capacity(WHC)for the first 40 days.Thereafter,half of the columns were maintained under optimum or drought conditions(30%of maximum WHC)for another 20 days.Results:Under optimum conditions,C.ciliaris showed a significantly higher photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate than E.macrostachyus.Drought decreased the photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate only in C.ciliaris.The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and leaf transpiration of E.macrostachyus did not differ significantly under optimum and drought conditions.E.macrostachyus showed an increase in its water use efficiencies under drought to a greater extent than C.ciliaris.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that C.ciliaris is more sensitive to drought than E.macrostachyus.The decrease in the intercellular CO_(2) concentration and the increase in stomatal limitation with drought in C.ciliaris and E.macrostachyus suggest that stomatal limitation plays the dominant role in photosynthesis of the studied African C_(4) grasses.

关键词： biomass fractions C_(4)grasses drought photosynthesis stomatal conductance transpiration

Biomimic Vein-Like Transparent Conducting Electrodes with Low Sheet Resistance and Metal Consumption

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第2期12卷 47-59页

作者： Guobin Jia Jonathan Plentz andrea Dellith Christa Schmidt Jan Dellith Gabriele Schmidl Gudrun Andr? Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz IPHT)

In this contribution,inspired by the excellent resource management and material transport function of leaf veins,the electrical transport function of metallized leaf veins is mimicked from the material transport function of the vein networks.By electroless copper plating on real leaf vein networks with copper thickness of only several hundred nanometre up to several micrometre,certain leaf veins can be converted to transparent conductive electrodes with an ultralow sheet resistance 100 times lower than that of state-of-the-art indium tin oxide thin films,combined with a broadband optical transmission of above 80%in the UV–VIS–IR range.Additionally,the resource efficiency of the vein-like electrode is characterized by the small amount of material needed to build up the networks and the low copper consumption during metallization.In particular,the high current density transport capability of the electrode of>6000 A cm^−2 was demonstrated.These superior properties of the vein-like structures inspire the design of high-performance transparent conductive electrodes without using critical materials and may significantly reduce the Ag consumption down to<10%of the current level for mass production of solar cells and will contribute greatly to the electrode for high power density concentrator solar cells,high power density Li-ion batteries,and supercapacitors.

关键词： Biomimic leaf vein network Transparent conducting electrode Sheet resistance Metal consumption

Microanalysis of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 922-932页

作者： Nicolai Obel Veronika Erben Tatjana Schwarz Stefan Kuhnel andrea Fodor Markus Pauly Max-Planck-lnstitut for Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muhlenberg 1 14476 Golm Potsdam Germany Present address: European Patent Office Erhardtstrasse 27 Munich Germany Helmhotz Center Munich Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging Ingolstaedter Landstrass. 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany ageningen University Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences Laboratory of Food Chemistry Bomenweg 2 6703 HD Wageningen The Netherlands DOE Plant Research Lab. Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48864 USA

Oligosaccharide Mass Profiling （OLIMP） allows a fast and sensitive assessment of cell wall polymer structure when coupled with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry （MALDI-TOF MS）. The short time required for sample preparation and analysis makes possible the study of a wide range of plant organs, revealing a high degree of heterogeneity in the substitution pattern of wall polymers such as the cross-linking glycan xyloglucan and the pectic polysaccharide homogalacturonan. The high sensitivity of MALDI-TOF allows the use of small amounts of samples, thus making it possible to investigate the wall structure of single cell types when material is collected by such methods as laser micro-dissection. As an example, the analysis of the xyloglucan structure in the leaf cell types outer epidermis layer, entire epidermis cell layer, palisade mesophyll cells, and vascular bundles were investigated. OLIMP is amenable to in situ wall analysis, where wall polymers are analyzed on unprepared plant tissue itself without first isolating cell walls. In addition, OLIMP enables analysis of wall polymers in Golgi-enriched fractions, the location of nascent matrix polysaccharide biosynthesis, enabling separation of the processes of wall biosynthesis versus post-deposition apoplastic metabolism. These new tools will make possible a semi-quantitative analysis of the cell wall at an unprecedented level.

关键词： Carbohydrate metabolism xyloglucan mass spectrometry cell expansion cell walls Arabidopsis laser microdissection.

Plastid Signals and the Bundle Sheath： Mesophyll Development in Reticulate Mutants

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Molecular Plant 2014年第1期7卷 14-29页

作者： Peter K. Lundquist Christian Rosar andrea Brautigam andreas P.M. Weber Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich-Neine-Universitat Universitatsstrasse 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany Alte StraBe 2 34225 Baunatal Germany

The development of a plant leaf is a meticulously orchestrated sequence of events producing a complex organ comprising diverse cell types. The reticulate class of leaf variegation mutants displays contrasting pigmentation between veins and interveinal regions due to specific aberrations in the development of mesophyll cells. Thus, the reticulate mutants offer a potent tool to investigate cell-type-specific developmental processes. The discovery that most mutants are affected in plastid-localized, metabolic pathways that are strongly expressed in vasculature-associated tis- sues implicates a crucial role for the bundle sheath and their chloroplasts in proper development of the mesophyll cells. Here, we review the reticulate mutants and their phenotypic characteristics, with a focus on those in Arabidopsis thali- ana. Two alternative models have been put forward to explain the relationship between plastid metabolism and meso- phyll cell development, which we call here the supply and the signaling hypotheses. We critically assess these proposed models and discuss their implications for leaf development and bundle sheath function in C3 species. The characteriza- tion of the reticulate mutants supports the significance of plastid retrograde signaling in cell development and highlights the significance of the bundle sheath in C3 photosynthesis.

关键词： reticulate mesophyll bundle sheath development intercellular signaling leaf variegation plastid.

Regulation of Pathogen-Triggered Tryptophan Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana by MYB Transcription Factors and Indole Glucosinolate Conversion Products

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Molecular Plant 2016年第5期9卷 682-695页

作者： Henning Frerigmann Mariola Pislewska-Bednarek andrea Sanchez-Vallet Antonio Molina Erich Glawischnig Tamara Gigolashvili Pawel Bednarek Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences(CEPLAS) University of Cologne BioCenter Zulpicher Straβe 47b 50674 Cologne Germany Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Noskowskiego12/14 61-704 Pozna(n) Poland Centro de Biotecnologiay Genomica de Plantas Unlversidad Politecnica de Madrid Campus Montegancedo Pozuelo de Alarcon 28223 Madrid Spain Lehrstuhl for Genetik Technische Universitat Munchen Emil-Ramann-Str. 8 85354 Freising Germany ETH Zurich Department of Environmental Systems Science GHN H41 Universitatsstrasse 16 8092 Zurich Switzerland

MYB34, MYB51, and MYB122 transcription factors are known as decisive regulators of indolic glucosinolate （IG） biosynthesis with a strong impact on expression of genes encoding CYP79B2 and CYP79B3 enzymes that redundantly convert tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime （IAOx）. This intermediate represents a branching point for IG biosynthesis, and pathways leading to camalexin and indole-carboxylic acids （ICA）. Here we investigate how these MYBs affect the pathogen-triggered Trp metabolism. Our experiments indicated that these three MYBs affect not only IG production but also constitutive biosynthesis of other IAOx- derived metabolites. Strikingly, the PENETRATION 2 （PEN2）-dependent IG-metabolism products, which are absent in myb34/51/122 and pen2 mutants, were indispensable for full flg22-mediated induction of other IAOx-dedved compounds. However, germ induction and accumulation of ICAs and camalexin upon path- ogen infection was not compromised in myb34/51/122 plants, despite strongly reduced IG levels. Hence, in comparison with cyp79B2/B3, which lacks all IAOx-derived metabolites, we found myb34/51/122 an ideal tool to analyze IG contribution to resistance against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Plectosphaerella cucumerina. The susceptibility of myb34/51/122 was similar to that of pen2, but much lower than susceptibility of cyp79B2/B3, indicating that MYB34/51/122 contribute to resistance toward P. cucumerina exclu- sively through IG biosynthesis, and that PEN2 is the main leaf myrosinase activating IGs in response to microbial pathogens.

关键词： indolic glucosinate P/ectosphaere//a cucumerina MAMP-triggered immunity Trp metabolism indole-3-carboxylic acids camalexin

Physiological plasticity in eucalyptus clones in the vegetative stage contributes to drought tolerance

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第5期34卷 1549-1561页

作者： Vilma Marques Ferreira Jailma Ribeiro de Andrade Claudiana Moura dos Santos Sebastiao de Oliveira Maia Júnior Joao Correia de Araújo Neto andrea Francisca da Silva Santos Vicente Mota da Silva Lucas Teles Bezerra Laurício Endres Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal Campus de Engenharia e Ciências AgráriasUniversidade Federal de AlagoasRio LargoAL57072-900Brazil Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais e Biodiversidade Departamento de Zootecnia.Centro de Ciências AgráriasUniversidade Estadual do MaranhãoSão LuísMA65300-000Brazil Laboratório de Propagação de Plantas.Campus de Engenharia e Ciências Agrárias Universidade Federal de AlagoasRio LargoAL57072-900Brazil Laboratório de Lepidoptera Museu de ZoologiaUniversidade de São PauloIpirangaSão PauloSP04263-000Brazil

With the expansion of eucalyptus crops to areas with severe water limitations,physiological studies involving eucalyptus clones to identify those that are tolerant to water stress become important.The objective of this study was to assess morphological and physiological responses by eucalyptus clones subjected to drought stress and rehydration.The experiment consisted of three eucalyptus clones:VC865,I224 and I144 and two water regimes:control and water stress followed by rehydration,with six replicates.leaf water potential,gas exchange,maximum quantum efficiency of photo systemⅡand plant height and stem diameter were evaluated under drought stress and rehydration.After6 d of rehydration,the number of leaves,leaf area and dry mass of root,leaf,stem and their total were evaluated.All clones showed intense reduction of gas exchange during the drought stress period,and only VC865 and 1144 showed rapid recovery with 3 d of rehydration.Clone 1224 showed greater reduction in height,stem diameter,number of leaves,water potential at midday(Ψ_(w)_(Midday)),and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystemⅡ(F_(v)/F_(m)).Clones VC865and T144 showed lower reductions inΨ_(wMidday)and F_(v)/F_(m) under stress.VC865 had lower reductions in leaf number,leaf area and higher leaf dry mass,while clone I144 had higher height and lower reduction in root dry mass under.Both these clones showed higher water use efficiency with 3d of rehydration.These different phenotypic plasticities gave the clones VC865 and 1144 efficient mechanisms of acclimatization to stress and more drought tolerance,enhancing their greater capacity for recovery after stress,which allowed lower dry mass reduction.Clone 1224,however,was more susceptible to drought stress,undergoing greater physiological damage with only partial recovery during rehydration.

关键词： Drought Eucalyptus species Gas exchanges Post-stress Root dry mass

Early dynamics in plant community trait responses to a novel, more extreme hydrological gradient

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第2期12卷 327-335页

作者： andrea Oddershede Cyrille Violle Annette Baattrup-Pedersen Jens-Christian Svenning Christian Damgaard Section for Plant and Insect Ecology Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityVejlsøvej 25DK-8600 SilkeborgDenmark Section for Ecoinformatics&Biodiversity Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114DK-8000 Aarhus CDenmark CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS-Universitéde Montpellier-UniversitéPaul-Valéry MontpellierEPHE-1919 route de MendeF-34293 MontpellierCEDEX 5France Section for Stream and Wetland Ecology Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityVejlsøvej 25DK-8600 SilkeborgDenmark

Aims For temperate regions such as Northern Europe,predicted climate change patterns include an increase in winter precipitation causing increased risk of flooding,whereas periods of droughts will become more frequent in summer.The aim of this study is to explore vari-ations in plant functional trait distributions along a hydrological gradient spanning from recurrent drought events to recurrent flood-ing-mimicking future precipitation patterns.Methods The experiment was conducted in a controlled grassland experi-ment over a period of 3 years.A novel and more extreme hydro-logical regime was achieved by manipulating the flow of a nearby stream thereby creating a continuous hydrological gradient from flooding during winter to drought during summer.Plant commu-nity responses were recorded along this hydrological gradient.Community-weighted trait distribution changes along the gradient were described using null models.Six functional traits were con-sidered:seed mass,leaf dry matter content(LDMC),leaf area,leaf thickness,specific leaf area(SLA)and height.Important findings Over time,responses in plant functional traits changed at the community level.Over the study period consistent changes occurred in the mean trait value of several traits.Communities in relatively dry plots became dominated by species with water-conserving life strategies,represented by high seed mass and thick leaves.In contrast,disturbance-resistant species(high leaf dry matter content)became dominant in flooded plots,indicating that persistence to flooding was the most important factor control-ling the functional structure in those communities.Furthermore,a high abundance of small-seeded species in flooded plots likely indicates higher frequency of species with higher dispersal ability through hydrochory.In conclusion,plant traits are useful for predicting responses to climate change,but abrupt and extreme climate event may cause unexpected responses because they have no analog to previously more stable conditions.We suggest that traits related to

关键词： functional diversity trait-environment relationship hydrology extreme events flooding

Molecular memory of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma in recovering grapevines

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1185-1199页

作者： Chiara Pagliarani Giorgio Gambino Alessandra Ferrandino Walter Chitarra Urska Vrhovsek Dario Cantu Sabrina Palmano Cristina Marzachì andrea Schubert Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection National Research Council(IPSPCNR)Strada delle Cacce 7310135 TurinItaly PlantStressLab Department of AgriculturalForestry and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology Council for Agricultural Research and Economics(CREA-VE)Via XXVIII Aprile 2631015 ConeglianoTVItaly Fondazione Edmund Mach Via Edmund Mach 138010 San Michele all’AdigeTNItaly Department of Viticulture and Enology University of CaliforniaOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA

Flavescence dorée(FD)is a destructive phytoplasma disease of European grapevines.Spontaneous and cultivardependent recovery(REC)may occur in the field in FD-infected vines starting the year following the first symptoms.However,the biological underpinnings of this process are still largely unexplored.In this study,transcriptome sequencing(RNAseq),whole-genome bisulphite sequencing(WGBS)and metabolite analysis were combined to dissect molecular and metabolic changes associated to FD and REC in leaf veins collected in the field from healthy(H),FD and REC plants of the highly susceptible Vitis vinifera‘Barbera’.Genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis,carbohydrate metabolism and stress responses were overexpressed in FD conditions,whereas transcripts linked to hormone and stilbene metabolisms were upregulated in REC vines.Accumulation patterns of abscisic acid and stilbenoid compounds analysed in the same samples confirmed the RNAseq data.In recovery conditions,we also observed the persistence of some FD-induced expression changes concerning inhibition of photosynthetic processes and stress responses.Several differentially expressed genes tied to those pathways also underwent post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs,as outlined by merging our transcriptomic data set with a previously conducted smallRNAseq analysis.Investigations by WGBS analysis also revealed different DNA methylation marks between REC and H leaves,occurring within the promoters of genes tied to photosynthesis and secondary metabolism.The results allowed us to advance the existence of a“molecular memory”of FDp infection,involving alterations in the DNA methylation status of REC plants potentially related to transcriptional reprogramming events,in turn triggering changes in hormonal and secondary metabolite profiles.

关键词： metabolism alterations starting