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Pancreaticβ-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes:Implications of inflammation and oxidative stress

World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第3期14卷 130-146页

作者： Phiwayinkosi V Dludla Sihle E Mabhida Khanyisani Ziqubu Bongani B Nkambule Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje Sidney Hanser Albert Kotze Basson Carmen Pheiffer andre pascal kengne Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform South African Medical Research CouncilCape Town 7505South Africa Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of ZululandKwaDlangezwa 3880South Africa Department of Biochemistry North-West UniversityMmabatho 2745South Africa School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000South Africa Department of Physiology and Environmental Health University of LimpopoSovenga 0727South Africa Department of Medicine University of Cape TownCape Town 7500South Africa Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit South African Medical Research CouncilTygerberg 7505South Africa

Insulin resistance and pancreaticβ-cell dysfunction are major pathological mechanisms implicated in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes(T2D).Beyond the detrimental effects of insulin resistance,inflammation and oxidative stress have emerged as critical features of T2D that defineβ-cell *** markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein,tumor necrosis factor alpha,and interleukin-1βare consistently associated withβ-cell failure in preclinical models and in people with ***,important markers of oxidative stress,such as increased reactive oxygen species and depleted intracellular antioxidants,are consistent with pancreaticβ-cell damage in conditions of *** effects illustrate a pathological relationship between an abnormal inflammatory response and generation of oxidative stress during the progression of *** current review explores preclinical and clinical research on the pathological implications of inflammation and oxidative stress during the development ofβ-cell dysfunction in ***,important molecular mechanisms and relevant biomarkers involved in this process are discussed to divulge a pathological link between inflammation and oxidative stress duringβ-cell failure in *** the clinical relevance of the review,a systematic analysis of evidence from randomized controlled trials is covered,on the potential therapeutic effects of some commonly used antidiabetic agents in modulating inflammatory makers to improveβ-cell function.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Insulin resistance β-cell dysfunction Inflammation Oxidative stress

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Effect of bariatric surgery on adiposity and metabolic profiles: A prospective cohort study in Middle-Eastern patients

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第7期8卷 374-380页

作者： Mohsen Mazidi Peyman Rezaie Ali Jangjoo Alireza Tavassoli Mohammad Taghi Rajabi andre pascal kengne Mohsen Nematy Key State Laboratory of Molecular Develo-pmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology International College University of Chinese Academy of Science Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Science Department of Surgery Ghaem Hospital Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Non--Communicable Disease Research Unit South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town

AIM To investigate changes in adiposity and cardio-metabolic risk profile following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients of Middle Eastern ethnicity with severe *** This prospective cohort study involved 92 patients who met the indications of bariatric surgery. Post-procedure markers of obesity and cardiometabolic profile were monitored regularly for a *** Mean body mass index decreased by 29.5% from 41.9 to 29.5 kg/m^2 between baseline and 12-mo follow-up, while mean fat mass decreased by 45.9% from 64.2 kg to 34.7 kg. An improvement was also observed in the glucometabolic profile with both fasting glucose and HbA 1csubstantially decreasing(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION The present study shows the short to medium term(1 year) health benefits of bariatric surgery for patients of Middle Eastern ethnicity.

关键词： Bariatric surgery Anthropometric indices Metabolic profile Cardiometabolic risk

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Intermediate Hip Arthroplasty in Gabon: Blood Loss and Risk Factor for Transfusion

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第4期14卷 109-117页

作者： Ghislain Edjo Nkilly pascal Christian Nze Obiang Raphael Okoue Ondo Arthur Matsanga Stéphane Oliveira Léandre Nguiabanda Jean-Marcel Mandji-Lawson Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital (HIAOBO) Libreville Gabon Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Jeanne Ebori Fondation Libreville Gabon Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Owendo University Hospital (CHUO) Libreville Gabon Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Akanda Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon Orthopedic Surgery Service Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital (HIAOBO) Libreville Gabon

Background: Hip arthroplasty is a surgery with a high risk of bleeding. The main objective of this study was to research risk factors for bleeding and transfusion in patients undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty in Gabon. Method: It was a retrospective, monocentric, descriptive and analytical study carried out from June 2011 to June 2021 at the Omar Bongo Ondimba army training hospital. The variables studied were demographic characteristics, biological variables, transfusion and intraoperative data. The primary outcome was intraoperative transfusion. A univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of a transfusion. Results: Of the 97 patients included, the average age was 74.2 years ± 10, male predominance was 73.2%, the average ASA score was 1.9 ± 0.5, and transfusion incidence was 38.1%. The average number of RBCs transfused was 1.2 ± 0.6. Tranexamic acid was used in 11.3% of patients. The average bleeding was 450 ± 453 ml. Preoperative anemia was predictor of transfusion to be significant. Conclusion: The incidence of transfusion is law compared to total hip arthroplasty. The implementation of a patient blood management protocol is difficult given the urgency of bone repair. However, a better use of tranexamic acid could reduce this transfusion incidence.

关键词： Hip Arthroplasty Risk Factors Patients Hemiarthroplasty Gabon

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Useful zero friction simulations for assessing MBS codes pascal’s formula giving wheelsets frequency for zero wheel-rail friction

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2022年第3期12卷 145-155页

作者： Jean Pierre pascal pascal Coding Rue d’ErquyPleneuf-Val-Andre F-22370France

Present study provides a simple analytical formula,the“Klingel-like formula”or“pascal’s Formula”that can be used as a reference to test some results of existing railway codes and specifically those using rigid *** develops properly the 3D Newton-Euler equations governing the 6 degrees of freedom(DoF)of unsuspended loaded wheelsets in case of zero wheel-rail friction and constant ***,by solving numerically these equations,we got pendulum like harmonic oscillations of which the calculated angular frequency is used for assessing the accuracy of the proposed formula so that it can in turn be used as a fast practical target for testing multi-body system(MBS)railway *** to the harmonic property of these pendulum-like oscillations,the squareω2 of their angular frequency can be made in the form of a ratio K/M where K depends on the wheelset geometry and load and M on its *** on K and M are useful to understand wheelsets *** analytical formula is derived from the first order writing of full trigonometric Newton-Euler equations by setting zero elastic wheel-rail penetration and by assuming small *** trigonometric equations are numerically solved to assess that the formula providesω2 inside a 1%accuracy for usual wheelsets *** decreasing the conicity down to 1×10^(−4) rad,the relative formula accuracy is under 3×10^(−5).In order to test the formula reliability for rigid contact formulations,the stiffness of elastic contacts can be increased up to practical rigidity(Hertz stiffness×1000).

关键词： Unsuspended wheelsets Klingel formula Rigid contact Harmonic oscillation Multi body system railway codes Code validation

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Modelling of Electrical Conductivity of a Silver Plasma at Low Temperature

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Plasma Science and Technology 2016年第8期18卷 812-820页

作者： pascal andre William BUSSIERE Alain COULBOIS Jean-Louis GELET David ROCHETTE Université Clermont Auvergne LAEPT MERSEN 15 rue Jacques de Vaucanson

During the working of electrical fuses, inside the fuse element the silver ribbon first begins to melt, to vaporize and then a fuse arc appears between the two separated parts of the element. Second, the electrodes are struck and the burn-back phenomenon takes place. Usually, the silver ribbon is enclosed inside a cavity filled with silica sand. During the vaporization of the fuse element, one can consider that the volume is fixed so that the pressure increase appears to reach pressures higher than atmospheric pressure. Thus, in this paper two pressures, 1 atm and 10 atm, are considered. The electrical field inside the plasma can reach high values since the distance between the cathode surface and the anode surface varies with time. That is to say from zero cm to one cm order. So we consider various electrical fields： 102 V/m, 103 V/m, 5×103 V/m, 104 V/m at atmospheric pressure and 105 V/m at a pressure of 10 atm. This study is made in heavy species temperature range from 2,400 K to 10,000 K. To study the plasma created inside the electric fuse, we first need to determine some characteristics in order to justify some hypotheses. That is to say： are the classical approximations of the thermal plasmas physics justified？ In other words： plasma frequency, the ideality of the plasma, the Debye-Hückel approximation and the drift velocity versus thermal velocity. These characteristics and assumptions are discussed and commented on in this paper. Then, an evaluation of non-thermal equilibrium versus considered electrical fields is given. Finally, considering the high mobility of electrons, we evaluate the electrical conductivities.

关键词： electrical conductivity silver fuses non-ideal plasma Debye-Hiickelapproximation drift velocity thermal velocity thermal non-equilibrium electrical fields

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Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Pregnant Women with Heart Disease in Three YaoundéReferral Hospitals

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第1期12卷 93-103页

作者： Jean Dupont Kemfang Ngowa Calixte Galilée Fotsing kengne Christiane Nsahlai Boombhi Jérôme Felix Essiben Wilfried Loic Tatsipie Jovanny Tsuala Fouogue pascal Foumane Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Maternal Health Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Heart disease in pregnancy is the cause of significant maternal and perinatal morbidity. We wanted to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with heart disease in Yaoundé, Cameroon. This was a cross sectional study with retrospective data collection of 45 pregnancies in 42 women with heart disease followed at three Yaoundé referral hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon from January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2020. We collected data on maternal obstetrical and perinatal outcomes. The frequency of pregnancies with heart diseases was 0.1%. The mean maternal age was 29.05 ± 6.5 years. At first antenatal visit, all patients were in class I (84.4%) and II (15.6%) of the New-York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class. Valvular heart disease (51.1%) was the most common type followed by cardiomyopathy (37.7%). Over half of the deliveries were vaginal (51.1%). A cesarean section was generally indicated for the usual obstetrical reasons (54.5%) and for heart disease (31.8%). Complications included 17 (37.7%) cases of heart failure, 6 (13.3%) cases of pulmonary edema, 2 (04.4%) cases of pulmonary embolism, 3 (06.6%) maternal deaths and 3 (06.3%) perinatal deaths, 14 (29.7%) premature births and 3 cases of (6.3%) intrauterine growth retardation. The maternal deaths were cases complicated by pulmonary edema and all had dilated cardiomyopathy. The maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with heart disease are marked in our environment by increased

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Prevalence and Correlates of Macrovascular Complications at Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis in a Tertiary Hospital in Yaoundé, Cameroon

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2023年第4期13卷 269-283页

作者： Francine Mendane Ekobena Martine Claude Etoa Etoga Mesmin Dehayem Carole Laurence Ngo Yon Pauline Ngo Balôgôg Guy Dieudonné Mvogo André pascal kengne Eugène Sobngwi Jean Claude Mbanya Internal Medicine Unit Essos Hospital Center Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit Yaoundé Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Medical Analysis Laboratory Essos Hospital Center Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Public Health Kesmonds International University Ngaoundéré Cameroon Department of Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa

Introduction: The presence of vascular complications at type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis is a heavy burden for developing countries. We aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of macrovascular complications at T2D diagnosis in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Essos Hospital Center in Yaoundé from January 2017 to June 2021. We recruited patients newly diagnosed with T2D who, simultaneously, with assessed macrovascular complications including stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and arterial foot ulcer (AFU). Correlates were investigated using Chi square test and logistic regressions. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: In all, 286 newly diagnosed diabetic patients (51.7% being men) were included. The mean age was 52.6 ± 12.3 years. Prevalent cardiovascular risk factors at diabetes diagnosis were a dyslipidemia (63.6%), sedentary lifestyle (57.7%) and family history of type 2 diabetes (51.6%). The prevalence of macrovascular complications was 17.5% with 8.4% stroke, 5.6% myocardial infarction and 3.4% arterial foot ulcer. Hypertension was associated with all macrovascular complications (p Conclusion: Macrovascular complications are frequent at type 2 diabetes diagnosis and are represented by stroke and myocardial infarction in our study, highlighting the importance of cardiovascular risk evaluation and reduction in people with diabetes right from diagnosis.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Macrovascular Complications Cameroon

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Frequency of Transfusions and Risk Factor for Bleeding Risk to Guide a Blood-Sparing Program during Hip Arthroplasty in Gabon

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2023年第3期13卷 47-57页

作者： Ghislain Edjo Nkilly Raphael Okoue Ondo Arthur Matsanga pascal Christian Nze Obiang Stéphane Oliveira Léandre Nguiabanda Jean-Marcel Mandji-Lawson Romain Tchoua Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital (HIAOBO) Libreville Gabon Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Owendo University Hospital (CHUO) Libreville Gabon Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Jeanne Ebori Fondation Libreville Gabon Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Akanda Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon Orthopedic surgery service Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital (HIAOBO) Libreville Gabon

Background: Hip arthroplasty is a surgery with a high risk of bleeding. The main objective of this study was to research risk factors for bleeding and transfusion in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty in order to guide a blood-saving program. Method: Retrospective, monocentric, descriptive and analytical study carried out from June 2011 to June 2021 at the Omar Bongo Ondimba army training hospital. The variables studied were demographic characteristics, biological variables, transfusion data, anesthetic and intraoperative data. The primary outcome was intraoperative or postoperative transfusion. A univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of a transfusion. Results: Of the 276 patients included, 179 benefited from Total Hip Prosthesis (THP) and 97 from Intermediate Hip Prosthesis (IHP). Spinal anesthesia was performed in 67.4% of patients. The ASA 2 score predominated (65.9%). The transfusion incidence was 56.9% (157/276). Tranexamic acid was used in 16.3% (45/276) of patients. The average bleeding was 528 ± 405 ml. Preoperative anemia (OR = 0.78, 95% CI [0.66 - 0.91]) and total hip prosthesis (OR = 2.02 95% CI [1.11 - 3.67]) were predictors of bleeding and transfusion to be significant. The average serum hemoglobin predictive of a transfusion was 11.6 ± 1.8. ASA score and operative time were not found as risk factors for bleeding and transfusion. Conclusion: The incidence of transfusion is high. Preoperative anemia remains a major but modifiable risk factor unlike the choice of implant. The implementation of a patient blood management protocol could reduce this transfusion incidence.

关键词： Arthroplasty Hip Gabon Transfusion

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Spirometric Reference Equations for Semi-Urban and Urban Bantu Cameroonians

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2013年第4期3卷 164-174页

作者： Eric Walter Pefura-Yone Nadine Fleurette Kanko-Nguekam André pascal kengne Adamou Dodo Balkissou André Noseda Christopher Kuaban Buea General Hospital Buea Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Pneumology service Yaounde Jamot Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Pneumology service Brugmann University Teaching Hospital Brussels Belgium South African Medical Research Council & University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa

Background: Spirometric reference values vary substantially across ethnic groups, and remain largely poorly characterized among Africans. We derived spirometric reference equations for adult Cameroonians and compared their performance with those derived from other ethnic groups. Methods: Spirometric variables according to the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society 2005 guidelines were acquired in voluntary healthy non-smoker subjects in Yaounde (Capital City) and Foumbot (semi-urban area in West Region), in Cameroon during November 2011 to January 2012 (Yaounde) and August 2012 (Foumbot). Reference equations were derived separately for men and women from multiple linear regressions. Results: A total of 411 subjects (206 men) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 39.5 ± 16.1 years (min - max: 18 - 85 years) for men and 39.2 ± 14.1 years (18 - 90 years) for women. Age and height were the only variables significantly associated with spirometric values in the final linear regression models. Derived reference values were lower than those derived from Global Lung Initiative 2012 equations for different ethnic groups, except for the forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC ratio). The mean FEV1/FVC ratio was 0.88 ± 0.07 for Cameroonian men and 0.89 ± 0.07 for Cameroonian women. Variations in the performance of derived models in bootstrap internal validation were marginal. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of deriving specific predictive equations for each ethnic group. The use of adjustment factors applied to Caucasian equations when compared with the values derived in our study leads to an overestimation of the values for FEV1 and FVC.

关键词： Spirometry Reference Values Lung Function Cameroon Bantu

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Association between early viral lower respiratory tract infections and subsequent asthma development

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2022年第4期11卷 298-310页

作者： Sebastien Kenmoe Etienne Atenguena Okobalemba Guy Roussel Takuissu Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo Martin Gael Oyono Jeannette Nina Magoudjou-Pekam Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse Jean Bosco Taya-Fokou Chris andre Mbongue Mikangue Raoul Kenfack-Momo Donatien Serge Mbaga Arnol Bowo-Ngandji Cyprien kengne-Ndé Seraphine Nkie Esemu Richard Njouom Lucy Ndip Department of Microbiology and Parasitology University of BueaBuea 00237Cameroon Department of Virology Centre Pasteur of CameroonYaounde 00237Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science The University of Yaounde IYaounde 00237Cameroon Centre of Research in Food Food Security and NutritionInstitute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaounde 00237Cameroon Medical Research Centre Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaounde 00237Cameroon Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology The University of Yaounde IYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of Biochemistry The University of Yaounde IYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of Microbiology The University of Yaounde IYaounde 00237Cameroon Epidemiological Surveillance Evaluation and Research UnitNational Aids Control CommitteeDouala 00237Cameroon

BACKGROUND The association between hospitalization for human respiratory syncytial virus(HRSV)bronchiolitis in early childhood and subsequent asthma is well *** long-term prognosis for non-bronchiolitis lower respiratory tract infections(LRTI)caused by viruses different from HRSV and rhinovirus,on the other hand,has received less *** To investigate the relationship between infant LRTI and later asthma and examine the influence of confounding *** The PubMed and Global Index Medicus bibliographic databases were used to search for articles published up to October 2021 for this systematic *** included cohort studies comparing the incidence of asthma between patients with and without LRTI at≤2 years regardless of the virus *** meta-analysis was performed using the random effects *** of heterogeneity were assessed by stratified *** This review included 15 articles(18 unique studies)that met the inclusion *** at≤2 years were associated with an increased risk of subsequent asthma up to 20 years[odds ratio(OR)=5.0,95%CI:3.3-7.5],with doctor-diagnosed asthma(OR=5.3,95%CI:3.3-8.6),current asthma(OR=5.4,95%CI:2.7-10.6),and current medication for asthma(OR=1.2,95%CI:0.7-3.9).Our overall estimates were not affected by publication bias(P=0.671),but there was significant heterogeneity[I 2=58.8%(30.6-75.5)].Compared to studies with hospitalized controls without LRTI,those with ambulatory controls had a significantly higher strength of association between LRTIs and subsequent *** strength of the association between LRTIs and later asthma varied significantly by country and age at the time of the *** sensitivity analyses including only studies with similar proportions of confounding factors(gender,age at LRTI development,age at interview,gestational age,birth weight,weight,height,smoking exposure,crowding,family history of atopy,and family history of asthma)between cases and controls

关键词： Asthma Lower respiratory tract infections Respiratory viruses Long term sequelae Children

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