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Mechanisms of electrical stimulation in eye diseases:A narrative review

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Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research 2022年第2期2卷 1-10页

作者： Jinfeng Liu andre K.H.Ma Kwok Fai So Vincent W.H.Lee Kin Chiu Department of Ophthalmology The University of Hong KongSARHong KongChina Harrow School HarrowUK The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences The University of Hong KongSARHong KongChina Department of Psychology The University of Hong KongSARHong KongChina Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina

Background:In the last two decades,electrical stimulation(es)has been tested in patients with various eye diseases and shows great treatment potential in retinitis pigmentosa and optic ***,the clinical application of es in ophthalmology is currently *** the one hand,optimization and standardization of es protocols is still an unmet *** the other hand,poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms has hindered clinical *** Text:Numerous experimental studies have been conducted to identify the treatment potential of es in eye diseases and to explore the related cellular and molecular *** this review,we summarized the in vitro and in vivo evidence related to cellular and tissue response to es in eye *** highlighted several pathways that may be utilized by es to impose its effects on the diseased ***:Therapeutic effect of es in retinal degenerative diseases might through preventing neuronal apoptosis,promoting neuronal regeneration,increasing neurotrophic factors production in Müller cells,inhibiting microglial activation,enhancing retinal blood flow,and modulating brain *** studies are suggested to analyse changes in specific retinal cells for optimizing the treatment parameters and choosing the best fit es delivery method in target diseases.

关键词： Electrical stimulation Eye diseases Ophthalmology Retinitis pigmentosa Optic neuropathy

Forest fire risk indices and zoning of hazardous areas in Sorocaba,Sao Paulo state,Brazil

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 581-590页

作者： Leonardo Guimaraes Ziccardi Claudio Roberto Thiersch Aurora Miho Yanai Philip Martin Fearnside Pedro Jose Ferreira-Filho Department of Environmental Dynamics National Institute for Research in Amazonia(INPA)Av.Andre AraujoNo.2936ManausAmazonasCEP 69067-375Brazil Department of Environmental Sciences Federal University of Sao Carlos(UFSCar)SorocabaSao PauloCEP 18052-780Brazil

This study compares the performance of three fire risk indices for accuracy in predicting fires in semideciduous forest fragments,creates a fire risk map by integrating historical fire occurrences in a probabilistic density surface using the Kernel density estimator(KDE)in the municipality of Sorocaba,Sao Paulo state,*** logarithmic Telicyn index,Monte Alegre formula(MAF)and enhanced Monte Alegre formula(MAF+)were employed using data for the period 1 January 2005 to 31 December *** data and numbers of fire occurrences were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology(INMET)and the Institute for Space Research(INPE),*** performance measures were calculated:Heidke skill score(SS)and success rate(SR).The MAF+index was the most accurate,with values of SS and SR of 0.611%and 62.8%,*** fire risk map revealed two most susceptible areas with high(63 km^2)and very high(47 km^2)risk of fires in the *** of the best risk index and the generation of fire risk maps can contribute to better planning and cost reduction in preventing and fighting forest fires.

关键词： Forest fire risk maps Forest fire protection Monitoring Monte Alegre formula

Clinical Case of Bilateral Rupture of the Patellar Tendon of the Late Diagnosis

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第9期7卷 235-240页

作者： Koné Samba Dogba Eric Nguianbanda Léandre Kouassi Adélaide Ledion Anicet Krah Léopold Bana Abdoulaye Touré Stanislas Agoh Serge Service de Traumatologie Orthopédie CHU de Cocody Abidjan C&ocirc te d'Ivoire Service de Traumatologie Orthopédie Hô pital des Instructions des Armées (HIA-OBO) Libreville Gabon Service de Traumatologie Orthopédie CHU de Bouaké Bouaké C&ocirc te d'Ivoire

Defined as a continuity solution on the muscular-osseous-tendinous chain of the knee, ensuring the extension of the leg on the thigh, the traumatic rupture of the knee’s extensor apparatus is often reported in literature. They are dominated by patellar fractures. The patellar or quadricipital tendon damage is rare and even exceptional in a bilateral topography. The aim of this work was to highlight the clinical case of bilateral rupture of the patellar tendon of late diagnosis, occurring in an adult with a particular field. It was an adult, who presented a bilateral rupture of the knee extensor apparatus following a minimal traumatism. Anamnesis found a chronic kidney disease correctly follow-up. The diagnosis was delayed so was the surgical management (Krackow’s technique and protection by a metallic frame). At 8 months post surgery the functional result is acceptable. The bilateral rupture of the patellar tendon stays a rare pathologic entity, which always seems associated at a particular field. The diagnosis delay (and so did the care) is an important bad prognosis factor. Treatment of this old form (unknown) is exclusively surgical.

关键词： Knee Extensor Apparatus Bilateral Late

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Lower-Level Health Care Facilities of Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania: Status towards Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and Way Forward

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 279-295页

作者： Mariam Mahamudu Hussein Mohamed Michael Habtu Dennis Rweyemamu Anyitike Mwakitalima Amour Seleman Erick Mgina Khalid Massa Grace Saguti andre Arsene Bita Fouda Zabulon Yoti Ministry of Health Dodoma Tanzania Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania Regional Office for Africa World Health Organization Brazzaville Republic of the Congo National Institute for Medical Research Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Background: Improving Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in health care settings is a critical prerequisite for achieving national health goals and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target for each United Nations member state to reach by 2030. Each member state is required to reach by 2022, 2025 and 2030 at least 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively of basic level of service of the five elements which are water, sanitation, hygiene, waste management and environmental cleaning. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate and document the current state of basic water, sanitation, and hygiene services in all lower-level health care facilities in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania as of July 2022. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 99 public dispensaries in the Dar es Salaam region’s five councils: Ubungo, Kigamboni, Kinondoni and Temeke Municipalities, and Ilala City. The interviewee form and observational checklists were both digitalized using the Kobo tool software. The respondents were health care facility in-charges or nurse in-charges. Data were downloaded, validated, and imported to Stata version 15 for analysis. Results: The basic WASH level per JMP is far below the target in 2022. Each member state by 2022 is required to reach at least 60% of the basic level of service of each element. We found a low coverage of basic WASH in the 99 dispensaries included in this study. The basic WASH coverage was met in only 10 (10.1%) of the dispensaries, while the remaining 89 (89.9%) dispensaries fall on limited WASH services. Conclusion: This study revealed lower coverage of basic WASH services in dispensaries. An urgent need is required to improve the status of WASH in all the dispensaries and facilitate the provision of quality health care services, patient safety and reduce health care associated infections.

关键词： Dispensaries Low Level Health Care Facilities Service Levels Basic WASH Dar es Salaam

Vermicompost for Indigo Blue and Congo Red Removal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第6期13卷 419-434页

作者： Joselito Nardy Ribeiro Araceli Veronica F. N. Ribeiro andre Romero da Silva Madson de Godoi Pereira Jairo Pinto de Oliveira Alveriana Tagarro Tomaz Barbara Vitoria Health Science Center Federal University of Espirito Santo Vitoria-ES Brazil Federal Institute of espirito Santo Vila Velha-ES Brazil Federal Institute of espirito Santo Aracruz-ES Brazil Department of Exact and Earth Sciences University of Bahia State Salvador-BA Brazil

The data obtained through this work revealed that the vermicompost is a natural adsorbent able to removal two textile dyes from an aqueous medium. The values of maximum adsorption capacity for congo red (23.25 mg/g) and indigo blue (40.39 mg/g) obtained from the Mathematical Langmuir Model reveal it. The conditions of adsorbent mass, stirring time between adsorbent and dyes were optimized. Additionally, the values of Gibbs free energy demonstrate the predominance of physical interaction between both dyes and vermicompost. Through Langmuir constant values, it was possible to identify similar affinities between both dyes and vermicompost. The value of dimensionless constant indicates favorable adsorptions process. Finally, through physicochemical analysis from scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy, the characteristics of vermicompost were verified revealing essential aspects to efficient adsorbent.

关键词： Vermicompost Adsorption Congo Red Indigo Blue

Assessment of Climate Change over South America under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 Downscaling Scenarios

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American Journal of Climate Change 2014年第5期3卷 512-527页

作者： Sin Chan Chou andre Lyra Caroline Mourao Claudine Dereczynski Isabel Pilotto Jorge Gomes Josiane Bustamante Priscila Tavares Adan Silva Daniela Rodrigues Diego Campos Diego Chagas Gustavo Sueiro Gracielle Siqueira Jose Marengo National Institute for Space Research Cachoeira PaulistaBrazil Department of Meteorology Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil National Center for Natural Disaster Monitoring and Warning Sao Jose dos CamposBrazil

Four sets of downscaling simulations based on the Eta Regional Climate Model forced by two global climate models, the HadGEM2-es and the MIROC5, and two RCP scenarios—8.5 and 4.5, have been carried out. The objective of this work is to assess the climate change over South America based on the Eta simulations. The future changes are shown in timeslices of 30 years: 2011-2040;2041-2070 and 2071-2100. The climate change response of the Eta simulations nested in HadGEM2-es is larger than the Eta nested in MIROC5. Major warming area is located in the central part of Brazil. In austral summer, the reduction of precipitation in the central part and the increase in the southeastern part of the continent are common changes in these simulations, while the EtaHadGEM2-es intensifies the decrease of precipitation in central Brazil, the Eta-MIROC5 expands the area of increase of precipitation in southern Brazil toward the end of the century. In austral winter, precipitation decrease is found in the northern part of South America and in most of Central America, whereas the reduction in southeastern South America is limited to near coastal region. The time series of temperatures show that warming trends are larger in the Eta-HadGEM2-es than in the Eta-MIROC5 simulations. Heavier precipitation rates are projected in the Central-South of Brazil toward the end of the century. Increase in the length of consecutive dry days (CDD) in Northeast of Brazil and the decrease of consecutive wet days (CWD) in the Amazon region are common features in these simulations.

关键词： South America Climate Downscaling Climate Change Assessment Climatic Extreme Indicators Eta Model