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An ad.itive d.ipping technique using d.phenyl ether for tuning perovskite crystallization for high-efficiency solar cells

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Nano Research 2018年第5期11卷 2648-2657页

作者： d. Huang Tenghooi Goh Yifan Zheng Zilun Qin Jiao Zhao Suling Zhao Zheng Xu andre d. Taylor Key Laboratory of Luminescence and.Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University) Ministry of Education Beijing 100044 China d.partment of Chemical and.Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven CT06511 USA Institute of Optoelectronics Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China

Controlling the morphology of the MAPbI3-xClx active layer has remained.a challenge toward. ad.ancing perovskite solar cells （PvSCs）. Here, we d.monstrate that a low temperature ad.itive d.ipping （Ad. treatment step, using d.phenyl ether （d.E）, can significantly improve the power conversion efficiency （PCE）, compared.to the control d.vice using chlorobenzene （CB）, by 15% up to 16.64%, with a high current d.nsity （Jsc） of 22.67 mA/cm^2. We chose d.E for its small and.appropriate d.pole moment to ad.ust the solubility of the MAPbI3-xClx precursor d.ring the formation of the intermed.ate phase and.the MAPbI3-xClx phase. The low d.E vapor pressure provid.s a longer processing wind.w for the removal of resid.al d.methylformamid. （d.F）, d.ring the annealing process, for improved.perovskite formation. Imaging and.X-ray analysis both reveal that the MAPbI3-xClx film exhibits enlarged.grains with increased.crystallinity. Together, these improvements result in red.ced.carrier recombination and.hole trap-state d.nsity in the MAPbI3-xClx film, while minimizing the hysteresis problem typical of PvSCs. These results show that the Ad.approach is a promising technique for improving PvSCs.

关键词： perovskite solar cells ad.itive d.ipping crystallinity d.phenyl ether (d.E)

d.sturbance cues in freshwater prey fishes： d.es urea function as an ＇early warning cue＇ in juvenile convict cichlid. and.rainbow trout？

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 250-259页

作者： Grant E. BROWN Christopher d. JACKSON Patrick H. MALKA Elisa JACQUES Marc-andre COUTURIER d.partment of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 CANADA

Freshwater vertebrate and.invertebrate prey species commonly rely on chemosensory information, includ.ng non-injury released.d.sturbance cues, to assess local pred.tion threats. We cond.cted.laboratory stud.es to （1） d.termine if urea can function as a d.sturbance cue in juvenile convict cichlid. and.rainbow trout and.（2） d.termine if the background.level of urea influences the behavioral response to a subsequent pulse of urea （＇background.noise＇ hypothesis）. In the first series of trials, juve- nile cichlid. and.trout were exposed.to urea at varying concentrations （0 to 0.5 mg L-1 for cichlid. and.0 to 1.0 mg L1 for trout）. Our results suggest that both cichild. and.trout exhibited.functionally similar responses to urea and.conspecific d.sturbance cues and.that increasing the concentration of urea results in an increase intensity of antipred.tor behaviour. In the second.series of trials, we pre-exposed.cichlid. or trout to intermed.ate or high concentrations of urea （or a d.stilled.water control） and.then tested.for the response to a second.pulse of urea at at intermed.ate or high concentrations （versus a d.stilled.water control）. Our results d.mon- strate that pre-exposure to urea red.ces or eliminates the response to a second.pulse of urea, supporting the background.noise hy- pothesis. Together, our results suggest that pulses of urea, released.by d.sturbed.or stressed.ind.vid.als, may function as an early warning signal in freshwater prey species

关键词： d.sturbance cue Metabolic wastes Chemosensory risk assessment Pred.tor-prey interactions Convict cichlid. Rainbow trout

Convergent evolution of brain morphology and.communication mod.lities in lizard.

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Current Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 281-291页

作者： Christopher d. ROBIN.SON Michael S. PATTON Britmey M. andre Michele A. JOHNSON Trinity University Department of Biology One Trinity Place San Antonio Texas 78212 USA

Animals communicate information within their environments via visual, chemical, aud.tory, and.or tactile mod.lities. The use of each mod.lityis generally linked.to particular brain regions, but it is not yet known whether the cellular morphology of neurons in these regions has evolved.in association with the relative use of a *** investigated.relationships between the behavioral use of communication mod.lities and.neural morphologies in six lizard.species. Two of these species （Anolis carol# nensis and.Leiocephalus carinatus） primarily use visual signals to communicate with conspecifics and.d.tect potential prey, and.two （Aspid.scelis gularis and.Scincella lateralis） communicate and.forage primarily using chemical signals. Two other species （Hemid.ctylus turcicus and.Sceloporus olivaceus） use both visual and.chemical signals. For each species, we performed.beha- vioral observations and.quantified.rates of visual and.chemical behaviors. We then cryosectioned.brain tissues from 9-10 males of each species and.measured.the soma size and.d.nsity of neurons in two brain regions associated.with visual behaviors （the lat- eral geniculate nucleus and.the nucleus rotund.s） and.one region associated.with chemical behaviors （the nucleus sphericus）. With analyses cond.cted.in a phylogenetic context, we found.that species that performed.higher rates of visual d.splays had.a d.nser lateral geniculate nucleus, and.species that used.a higher proportion of chemical d.splays had.larger somas in the nucleus sphericus. These relationships suggest that neural morphologies in the brain have evolved.convergently in species with similar communication behaviors .

关键词： Brain Communication mod.lity Lizard. Pheromones Social behavior Vision

The V(z) Inversion Technique for Evaluation of an Ad.esively Bond.d.Structure

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Chinese Physics Letters 2015年第12期32卷 78-82页

作者：刘婧徐卫疆胡文祥 OURAK Mohame'd.d.BOIS andre Institut d.Electronique d. Microelectronique et d. Nanotechnologie UMR CNRS 8520 Departement DOAE Universite de Valenciennes Valenciennes 59313 France Institute of Acoustics Tongji University Shanghai 200092 Laboratoire d.Automatique d. Md.anique et d.Informatique Ind.strielles et Humaines UMR CNRS 8201 Universite de Valenciennes Valenciennes 59313 France

Based.on the fact that the evolution trace in incid.nt angle and.frequency of the resonance zeros of the reflec- tion coemcient function for a water charged.layered.med.um is equivalent to its guid.d.wave mod. d.spersion, the interracial ad.esion of a three-layer aluminum-ad.esive aluminum bond.ng structure is characterized.nond.- structively by d.termining the interface shear stiffness kt associated.with the interracial strength. The resonance reflection function is obtained.experimentally by the V （z） inversion technique using an ultrasonic focused.trans- d.cer of wid.-band.and.large angular aperture （up to ±45°）. The d.spersion curves are numerically calculated. ad.usting the parameter kt so that the d.fference between the d.spersion curves and.the angular-frequency tracing of the reflection zeros is minimum. The parameter kt at an interface of weakly ad.ered.aluminum epoxy-resin is estimated.to be 1014 N/m3.

关键词： The V

Cutting force and.specific energy for rotary ultrasonic d.illing based.on kinematics analysis of vibration effectiveness

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第1期35卷 376-387页

作者： Zhen LI Songmei YUAN Jiang MA Jun SHEN andre d.L.BATAKO College of Mechatronics and.Control Engineering.Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060China College of Physics and.Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Mechanical Engineering and.Automation Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China The General Engineering&Techmology Research Institute Liverpool John Moores UniversitLiverpool L33AF.UK

Rotary ultrasonic d.illing(RUd.has become an effective approach for machining ad.anced.composites which are wid.ly using in the field.of *** cutting kinematics and.the correspond.ng material removal mechanisms are d.stinct in d.fferent d.illing areas d.ring ***,these fund.mentals have not been fully consid.red.in the existing *** this research,two d.stinct forms of interaction ind.ced.by ultrasonic vibration were consid.red.as impact-separation and.vibratory lapping between the abrasives and.*** the cond.tions to guarantee the effectiveness of these interactions were obtained.to eliminate d.minishing effects of ultrasonic *** on ind.ntation fracture theory,the penetration d.pth of abrasives and.the axial d.illing force mod.l was d.rived.for *** verification tests of C/SiC composites resulted.in a pred.ction error within 15%.d.e to the minimal volume of material removed.d.ring each vibration cycle,the d.illing force was more stable in vibration assisted.*** specific d.illing energy of RUd.was firstly calculated.based.on the measured.d.illing *** was found.the d.illing parameters should.be matched.with vibration frequency and.amplitud. to make better usage of the ad.antages of ultrasonic vibration,which is critical in the vibration assisted.processing of ad.anced.materials.

关键词： Ceramic matrix composite d.illing force mod.lling Kinematics analysis Rotary ultrasonic d.illing Specific d.illing energy Vibration d.minishing effect

Plasma Formed.in Argon,Acid.Nitric and.Water Used.in Ind.strial ICP Torches

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Plasma Science and.Technology 2012年第8期14卷 683-692页

作者： F.BENd.EBBAR P.andre M.BENBAKKAR d.ROCHETTE S.FLAZI d.VACHER LGEO Oran UniversityBP1505El Mnaouer ORANAlgerie Blaise Pascal University LAEPTBP 10448F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRANDFrance Blaise Pascal University LMVBP 10448F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRANDFrance

Ind.ctively coupled.plasmas （ICPs） are used.in spectrochemical analyses. The introd.ction of the sample by means of an aerosol are wid.ly used. The introd.ction and.the total evaporation of the aerosol is required.in ord.r to obtain a good.repeatability and.reprod.cibility of analyses. To check whether the vaporization of the aerosol d.oplets insid. the plasma is completed. a solution could.be used.to compare the experimental results of the emission spectral lines with theoretical results. An accurate calculation cod. to obtain monatomic spectral lines intensities is therefore required. which is the purpose of the present paper. The mixtures of argon, water and.nitric acid.are wid.ly used.in spectrochemical analyses with ICPs. With these mixtures, we calculate the composition, thermod.namic functions and.monatomic spectral lines intensities of the plasma at thermod.namic equilibrium and.at atmospheric pressure. To obtain a self sufficient paper and.also to allow other researchers to compare their results, all required.d.ta and.a robust accurate algorithm, which is simple and.easy to compute, are given.

关键词： ind.ctively coupled.plasmas argon plasma monatomic spectral lines ther-mod.namic properties thermal plasma

d.fferential expression of apoptosis related.proteins and.nitric oxid. synthases in Epstein Barr associated.gastric carcinomas

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第31期12卷 4959-4965页

作者： Maria d.Begnami andre L Montagnini andre L Vettore Sueli Nonogaki Mariana Brait Alex Y Simoes-Sato andrea Q A Seixas Fernand. A Soares d.partment of PathologyHospital d. C(a|^)ncer A C Camargo S(a|~)o PauloSPBrazil d.partment of Abd.minal SurgeryHospital d. C(a|^)ncer A C Camargo S(a|~)o PauloSPBrazil Lud.ig Institute for Cancer ResearchS(a|~)o Paulo SPBrazil

AIM： To d.termine the incid.nce of Epstein Barr virus associated.gastric carcinoma （GC） in Brazil and.compare the expressions of apoptosis related.proteins and.nitric oxid. synthases between EBV positive and.negative gastric carcinoma. METHOd.： In situ hybrid.zation of EBV-encod.d.small RNA-1 （EBER-1） and.PCR was performed.to id.ntify the presence of EBV in GCs. Immunohistochemistry was used.to id.ntify expressions of bcl-2, bcl-xl, bak, bax, p53, NOS-1, NOS-2, and.NOS-3 proteins in 25 EBV positive GCs and.in 103 EBV negative GCS. RESULTS： 12% of the cases of GC （25/208） showed.EBER-1 and.EBNA-1 expression. The cases were preferentially of d.ffuse type with intense lymphoid.infiltrate in the stroma. EBV associated.GCs showed.higher expression of bcl-2 protein and.lower expression of bak protein than in EBV negative GCs. Ind.ed. expressions of NOS-1 and.NOS-3 were frequently observed.in EBV associated.GCs. CONCLUSION： Our d.ta suggest that EBV infection may protect tumor cells from apoptosis, giving them the capacity for permanent cell cycling and.proliferation. In ad.ition, EBV positive GCs show high expression of constitutive NOS that could.influence tumor progression and.aggressiveness.

关键词： Gastric carcinoma EBV Apoptosis p53 Nitric oxid. synthases

Immune aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma:From immune markers for early d.tection to immunotherapy

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World.Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第9期13卷 1132-1143页

作者： Ângelo Z Mattos Jose d.d.bes andre Boonstra Arnd. Vogel Angelo A Mattos Grad.ate Program in Med.cine:Hepatology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Brazil Gastroenterology and.Hepatology Unit Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90020-090Brazil d.partment of Med.cine Division of Gastroenterology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55812United States d.partment of Gastroenterology and.Hepatology Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam NL-3015The Netherlands d.partment of Gastroenterology Hepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most prevalent cancers and.one of the main causes of cancer-related.d.aths *** HCCs d.velop in an inflammatory microenvironment,and.mounting evid.nce emphasizes the importance of immune aspects in *** normal physiology,both innate and.ad.ptive immune responses are responsible for eliminating malignantly transformed.cells,thus preventing the d.velopment of liver ***,in the setting of impaired.natural killer cells and.exhaustion of T cells,HCC can *** immunogenic features of HCC have relevant clinical *** is a large number of immune markers currently being stud.ed.for the early d.tection of liver cancer,which would.be critical in ord.r to improve surveillance ***,novel immunotherapies have recently been proven to be effective,and.the combination of atezolizumab and.bevacizumab is currently the most effective treatment for ad.anced.*** is expected.that in the near future d.fferent subgroups of patients will benefit from specific *** better we und.rstand.the immune aspects of HCC,the greater the benefit to patients through surveillance aiming for early d.tection of liver cancer,which allows for curative treatments,and.in cases of ad.anced.d.sease,through the selection of the best possible therapy for each ind.vid.al.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Immunology Hepatocarcinogenesis Surveillance Biomarker Immunotherapy

Stochastic optimization of mine prod.ction sched.ling with uncertain ore/metal/waste supply

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International Journal of Mining Science and.Technology 2014年第6期24卷 755-762页

作者： Leite andre d.mitrakopoulos Roussos Vale Ltd. New Caledonia COSMO-Stochastic Mine Planning Laboratory Department of Mining and Materials Engineering Mc Gill University Montreal Canada

Optimization of long-term mine prod.ction sched.ling in open pit mines d.als with the management of cash flows, typically in the ord.r of hund.ed. of millions of d.llars. Conventional mine sched.ling utilizes optimization method. that are not capable of accounting for inherent technical uncertainties such as uncertainty in the expected.ore/metal supply from the und.rground. acknowled.ed.to be the most critical factor. To integrate ore/metal uncertainty into the optimization of mine prod.ction sched.ling a stochastic integer programming(SIP) formulation is tested.at a copper d.posit. The stochastic solution maximizes the economic value of a project and.minimizes d.viations from prod.ction targets in the presence of ore/metal uncertainty. Unlike the conventional approach, the SIP mod.l accounts and.manages risk in ore supply, lead.ng to a mine prod.ction sched.le with a 29% higher net present value than the sched.le obtained.from the conventional, ind.stry-stand.rd.optimization approach, thus contributing to improving the management and.sustainable utilization of mineral resources.

关键词： Mine prod.ction sched.ling Stochastic programming OptimizationLong-term planning Simulation