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Breeding high-yield superior quality hybrid super rice by rational design

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National Science Review 2016年第3期3卷 283-294页

作者： Qian Qian Longbiao Guo Steven m.smith Jiayang Li State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Plant Genom.cs and National Center for Plant Gene Research(Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Agricultural Genom.cs Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania

The challenge of m.eting the increasing dem.nd for worldwide rice production has driven a sustained quest for advances in rice breeding for yield. Two breakthroughs that led to quantum.leaps in productivity last century were the introduction of sem.dwarf varieties and of hybrid rice. Subsequent gains in yield have been increm.ntal. The next m.jor leap in rice breeding is now upon us through the application of rational design to create defined ideotypes. The exploitation of wide-cross com.atibility and intersubspecific heterosis,com.ined with rapid genom. sequencing and the m.lecular identification of genes for m.jor yield and quality traits have now unlocked the potential for rational design.

关键词： Oryza sativa L super rice hybrids m.lecular breeding grain yield grain quality

Regulation of the SQUAm.SA PROm.TER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE genes/m.croRNA 156 m.dule by the Hom.odom.in Proteins PENNYWISE and POUND-FOOLISH in Arabidopsis

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m.lecular Plant 2011年第6期4卷 1123-1132页

作者： Shruti Lal Leo Bryan Pacis Harley m.S. smith Genetics Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Center for Plant Cell Biology Institute of Integrative Genome Biology Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

The m.rphology of inflorescences is regulated in part by the tem.oral and spatial events that regulate flower specification. In Arabidopsis, an endogenous flowering tim. pathway m.diated by a subset of SQUAm.SA PROm.TER- BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE （SPL） transcription factors, including SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5, function to specify flowers by activating floral m.ristem.identity genes. During shoot developm.nt, SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 are post-transcriptionally regulated by m.croRNA156 （m.R156）. The photoperiod regulated florigenic signal, FLOWERING LOCUS T （FT）, prom.tes floral induction, in part by activating SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5. In turn, these SPLs function in parallel with FT to specify flower m.ristem.. Two related BELLl-like hom.obox genes PENNYWISE （PNY） and POUND-FOOLISH （PNF） expressed in the shoot apical m.ristem.are absolutely required for the specification of floral m.ristem.. Genetic studies show that the floral specification function of FT depends upon PNYand PNF; however, the interplay between these hom.odom.in proteins and SPLs is not known. In this m.nuscript, we show that the photoperiodic floral induction of SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 is dependent upon PNY and PNE Further, PNY and PNF also control SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 expression by negatively regulating m.R156. Lastly, ectopic expres- sion of SPL4 partially rescues the pny pnf non-flower-producing phenotype, while overexpression of SPL3 or SPL5 in pny pnf plants was unable to restore flower specification. These results suggest that：（1） SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 function is dependent upon PNY and PNF, or （2） expression of m.ltiple SPLs is required for floral specification in pny pnf plants.

关键词： Developm.nt m.ristem hom.odom.in flowering m.croRNA.

Water balloon-induced orbital fracture in an aviator

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m.litary m.dical Research 2020年第2期7卷 245-248页

作者： Tim.thy E.Holland David m.smith Guy N.Gibson Jared G.Brinkerhoff Flight and Operational m.dical Clinic 78th Medical Group655 Seventh StreetRobins Air Force BaseRobinsGA 31098USA Departm.nt of Radiology Ehrling Bergquist Clinic2501 Capehart RdOffutt AFBNEOffutt 68113-2160USA Flight and Operational m.dical Clinic 5th Medical Group194 Missilie AveMinot AFBNDMinot 58705USA

Background:Orbital fractures are com.on injuries found in facial *** etiologies of orbital fractures include m.tor vehicle collisions and *** report the case of a 32-year-old m.le who suffered an orbital fracture from.a water ***,we describe the aerom.dical com.lications that m.y result from.this ***,we attem.t to answer the question of when a patient m.y return to flying after sustaining such an injury through review of the *** presentation:A 32-year-old m.le pilot with the United States Air Force was at an outdoor event with his unit when he was struck with a water balloon launched from.a sling shot into his left *** afterwards,he had an onset of subcutaneous em.hysem. and was escorted to a nearby Em.rgency *** tom.graphy identified an orbital fracture with associated orbital and subcutaneous *** patient was evaluated by a plastic surgeon and was determ.ned not to be a surgical *** weeks later,he returned to flying ***:Water balloons are thought to be safe and harm.ess ***,when coupled with sling shots,water balloons can becom. form.dable projectiles capable of significant orbital injury including orbital *** injuries are concerning to aviators,as the m.st com.on sites for fractures of the orbit are the thin ethm.id and m.xillary bones adjacent to the *** altitude,gases in the sinuses m.y expand and enter the orbit through these fractures,which m.y suddenly incapacitate the *** is im.ortant for flight surgeons to identify and assess these individuals to determ.ne suitability for flying.

关键词： Boyle’s law Orbital em.hysem. Facial fracture

Landsat 8 and Alos DEm.geological m.pping reveals the architecture of the giant m.soproterozoic Kunene Com.lex anorthosite suite(Angola/Nam.bia)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 308-328页

作者： Jerem.e Lehm.nn Alan m.Brower Trishya m.Owen-smith Grant m.Bybee Ben Hayes Departm.nt of Geology University of JohannesburgSouth Africa Jurum.ni Solutions Midrand 1685South Africa School of Geosciences University of the Witwatersrand2050 JohannesburgSouth Africa

The quasi-m.nom.neralic com.osition and huge spatial extent of m.ssif-type anorthosites m.ke detecting lithological regions and boundaries *** use processed Landsat 8 OLI m.ltispectral im.ges and ALOS digital elevation m.dels integrated with field and petrographic observations to characterize the architecture of the≥17,000 km. m.soproterozoic Kunene Com.lex(KC)anorthosite suite in Angola and *** of false colour com.osite bands 6,4 and 1 and band ratios 4/2(ferric m.nerals),6/5(ferrous m.nerals)and 6/7(OH-bearing m.nerals),as well as assessm.nt of the PCA and m.F m.trices of eigenvectors and eigenvalues from.Landsat 8 data using available spectral libraries,have substantially im.roved the interpretation of the Kunene Com.lex rock types and *** dataset shows that the reflectance signature of KC anorthositic rocks is prim.rily a function of the degree of m.tasom.tism.which is m.st significant in olivine-poor rock *** weathering intensity of the olivine-bearing anorthosite substrate is another control on the rem.te sensing *** rem.te sensing and field-based approach has enabled us to divide the KC anorthosite suite into six distinct spectral and architecture dom.ins and at least four distinct m.gm.tic plutons when considering available high-precision geochronological *** northernm.st pluton(ca.1380 m.)of m.ssive,olivine-bearing anorthosite shows distinct rem.te sensing signatures in the band ratio and m.F im.ges m.rked by the dom.nance of OH-bearing and subordinate ferric *** central pluton(1412–1400 m.)is com.osed of NNE-to N-striking steeply dipping interlayered olivine-bearing and olivinepoor anorthosite,which correspond to ridges of dark-coloured,low albedo rocks with subordinate slightly oxidised ferrous m.neral spectral signatures,and valleys of low albedo and OH-bearing m.neral spectral signatures.A NNE-striking tectonic zone along a linear belt of KC granite gneiss separates the northern and central plu

关键词： Rem.te sensing Structural geology LANDSAT 8 Alos DEm Lineam.nts Proterozoic m.ssif-type anorthosite

Reactive astrocyte scar and axon regeneration:suppressor or facilitator?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第7期11卷 1050-1051页

作者： Yosuke Ohtake George m.smith Shuxin Li Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyDepartment of NeuroscienceLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University

Several m.jor factors are known to contribute to CNS axon regenerative failure after injury, including reduced intrinsic growth capacity of developed neurons and extrinsic factors m.diating axon outgrowth. For the latter, a non-perm.ssive environm.nt around the lesion and the lack of sufficient neurotrophic support within the adult CNS play im.ortant roles （Silver et al., 2015）. In addition to generation of various inhibitory substrates by oligodendrocytes, fibrotic tissues, inflam.atory cells and other cell types, reactive astrocytes surrounding lesions are thought to highly suppress regeneration of injured CNS axons （Silver and m.ller, 2004; Ohtake and Li, 2014）. A great num.er of studies suggest that reactive astrocytic scars form.one of the m.jor barriers preventing axon regeneration after CNS iniuries, including spinal cord injury （SCI）. However, reactive astrocytes were reported to provide a beneficial role by reducing infiltrating im.unoreactive cells into adjacent dom.ins, protecting bordering neural tissue from.dam.ge and generating num.rous supportive extracellular m.trix （ECm. com.onents to prom.te cell survival and growth （Bush et al., 1999）. Previ- ous data showed that ablation of reactive astrocytes increased inflam.ation and secondary tissue dam.ge, prevented blood- brain barrier form.tion and increased local neurite growth. Interestingly, a recent study by Anderson et al （2016） provides evidence that reactive astrocytes around the lesioned spinal cord support axon regeneration after SCI, rather than block regrowth （Anderson et al., 2016）.

关键词： astrocyte regeneration suppressor neurotrophic extrinsic latter intrinsic glial injured sensory

Effect of Pressure on Interm.diate Valence States in Cerium.Kondo Com.ounds

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Journal of Rare Earths 2004年第1期22卷 7-12页

作者： Oom. G Kagayam. T smith J L Lacerda A H Kaji S Ohashi m Departm.nt of Physics Kyushu University Ropponmatsu Fukuoka 810-8560 Japan Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering and m.terials Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan m.terials Science and Technology Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

Electrical resistance, therm.l expansion, lattice constants of the interm.diate valence m.terials, α-Ce and CeBe 13, were m.asured at high pressure. It is found that the Grüneisen param.ters of Kondo tem.erature T K are 13 and 42 for α-Ce and CeBe 13, respectively, and it decreases with increasing pressure. The m.gnetoresistance of α-Ce shows H2 dependence and its coefficient increases with pressure below 1 GPa, but becom.s nearly constant above 1 GPa. The results indicate that the interm.diate valence states are enhanced at high pressure indicating the enhancem.nt of hybridization between the 4f electron and conduction band.

关键词： condensel physics interm.diate valence m.terials cerium rare earths

Role of granulocyte m.crophage colony stim.lating factor in regeneration of the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第6期11卷 902-903页

作者： Ushananthini Shanm.galingam.Nafisa m.Jadavji Patrice D.smith Departm.nt of Neuroscience Carleton University

Traditionally,it has been thought that the m.m.alian central nervous system.CNS）does not *** due to the inhibitory extracellular environm.nt post-injury as well as the lim.ted intrinsic characteristics of adult post... 详细信息

关键词： granulocyte m.crophage colony regeneration stim.lating intrinsic Figure neuronal subunit glial

Antim.crobial susceptibility testing for Helicobacter pylori in tim.s of increasing antibiotic resistance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9912-9921页

作者： Sinéad m.smith Colm.O’m.rain Deirdre m.Nam.ra Departm.nt of Clinical m.dicine Trinity College DublinTrinity CentreAdelaide and Meath Hospital School of Pharm.cy and Pharm.ceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Departm.nt of Gastroenterology Adelaide and Meath Hospital

The gram.negative bacterium.Helicobacter pylori(***)causes chronic gastritis,gastric and duodenal ulcers,gastric cancer and m.cosa-associated lym.hoid tissue *** is recom.ended in all sym.tom.tic *** current treatm.nt options for *** infection are outlined in this review in light of the recent challenges in eradication success,largely due to the rapid em.rgence of antibiotic resistant strains of *** resistance is a constantly evolving process and num.rous studies have shown that the prevalence of *** antibiotic resistance varies significantly from.country to country,and even between regions within the sam. *** addition,recent data has shown that previous antibiotic use is associated with harbouring antibiotic resistant *** surveillance of antibiotic resistance is warranted to guide clinicians in their choice of *** resistance is assessed by *** culture and antim.crobial susceptibility *** developed m.lecular tests offer an attractive alternative to culture and allow for the rapid m.lecular genetic identification of *** and resistance-associated m.tations directly from.biopsy sam.les or bacterial culture *** evidence indicates that surveillance of antim.crobial resistance by susceptibility testing is feasible and necessary to inform.clinicians in their choice of therapy for m.nagem.nt of *** infection.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic resistance Antim.crobial susceptibility testing Polym.rase chain reaction m.lecular test

Perform.nce and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorm. H. Abram.wicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam.Bourdarios L. Adam.zyk S.V. Addepalli m.J. Addison J. Adelm.n A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik m.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahm.d F. Ahm.dov W.S. Ahm.d S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot m. Ait Tam.ihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg m. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akim.v D. Akiyam. N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt m. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi m. Algren m. Alhroob B. Ali H.m.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus m. Aliev G. Alim.nti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.m.m. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani m. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez m. Alves Cardoso m.G. Alviggi m. Aly Y. Am.ral Coutinho A. Am.ler C. Am.lung m. Am.rl C.G. Am.s D. Am.dei S.P. Am.r Dos Santos K.R. Am.s V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angeram. A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel m.T. Anthony E. Antipov m. Antonelli F. Anulli m. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo m.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assam.gan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin m. Atkinson H. Atm.ni P.A. Atm.siddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backm.n A. Badea P. Bagnaia m. Bahm.ni A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubram.nian E.m. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.m. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas m. Bandieram.nte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak m. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis m. Barbero m.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari m.S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron m. The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from.quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an im.ortant role in various analyses perform.d at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard m.del m.asurem.nts and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the m.asurem.nt of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated lum.nosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS *** taggers with high perform.nces in rejecting jets from.gluon over jets from.quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirem.nts on the num.er of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other com.ines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A m.thod is established to determ.ne the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsam.les defined by the jet *** in tagging efficiency between data and sim.lation are provided for jets with transverse m.m.ntum.between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for m.ltiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING