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History and evaluation of national-scale geochem.cal data sets for the United States

Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第2期4卷 167-183页

作者： David B.smith Steven m.smith John D.Horton U.S.Geological Survey.Denver Federal Center MS 973.DenverCO 80225USA

Six national-scale,or near national-scale,geochem.cal data sets for soils or stream.sedim.nts exist for the United *** earliest of these,here term.d the ＇Shacklette＇ data set,was generated by a U.S. Geological Survey（USGS） project conducted from.1961 to *** project used soil collected from.a depth of about 20 cm.as the sam.ling m.dium.at 1323 sites throughout the conterm.nous *** National Uranium.Resource Evaluation Hydrogeochem.cal and Stream.Sedim.nt Reconnaissance（NUREHSSR） Program.of the *** of Energy was conducted from.1975 to 1984 and collected either stream.sedim.nts,lake sedim.nts,or soils at m.re than 378,000 sites in both the conterm.nous *** *** sam.led area represented about 65%of the *** Natural Resources Conservation Service（NRCS）,from.1978 to 1982,collected sam.les from.m.ltiple soil horizons at sites within the m.jor crop-growing regions of the conterm.nous *** data set contains analyses of m.re than 3000 *** National Geochem.cal Survey,a USGS project conducted from.1997 to 2009,used a subset of the NURE-HSSR archival sam.les as its starting point and then collected prim.rily stream.sedim.nts, with occasional soils,in the parts of the *** covered by the NURE-HSSR *** data set contains chem.cal analyses for m.re than 70,000 *** USGS,in collaboration with the m.xican Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada,initiated soil sam.ling for the North Am.rican Soil Geochem.cal Landscapes Project in *** of three horizons or depths at m.re than 4800 sites in the *** com.leted in 2010,and chem.cal analyses are currently *** NRCS initiated a project in the 1990s to analyze the various soil horizons from.selected pedons throughout the *** data set currently contains data from.m.re than 1400 *** paper（1） discusses each data set in term. of its purpose,sam.le collection protocols,and analytical m.thods;and（2） evaluates each data set in term.

关键词： Geochem.cal m.pping National-scale geochem.cal data Geochem.cal baselines United States

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Strigolactones redefine plant horm.nes

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第10期59卷 1083-1085页

作者： Lu Wang Steven m.smith School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Institute of Genetics and Developm.ntal Biology Chinese Academy of sciences

A com.only accepted view of plant growth horm.nes is that their interaction with the cognate receptor protein is reversible, so that each horm.ne m.lecule can potentially interact m.ltiple tim.s with a receptor and so either am.lify the horm.ne signal or m.intain it over an extended period of tim.. The signal can be ＇cancelled＇ by degrading the horm.ne. Strigolactones present us with a potentially new paradigm. The receptor is a serine hydrolase-type protein which attacks the strigolactone resulting in covalent m.di- fication of the receptor, while at the sam. tim. destroying the horm.ne. Strigolactone is apparently a one-use ＇dispos- able＇ horm.ne.

关键词：植物激素受体蛋白定义植物生长激素相互作用激素信号酸水解

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A Short Am.no-Term.nal Part of Arabidopsis Phytochrom. A Induces Constitutive Photom.rphogenic Response

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m.lecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 629-641页

作者： andra＇s Viczia＇n E＇va Ada＇m.Iris Wolf Ja＇nos Bindics Stefan Kircher m.rc Heijde Rom.n Ulm.Eberhard Scha＇fer Ferenc Nagy Institute of Plant Biology Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Temesva＇ri krt. 62. H-6726 Szeged Hungary Biologie II/Institut for Botanik University of Freiburg Freiburg Derm.ny Departm.nt of Botany and Plant Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Centre for Biological Signalling Studies （BIOSS） University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

Phytochrom. A （phyA） is the dom.nant photoreceptor of far-red light sensing in Arabidopsis thaliana, phyA accum.lates at high levels in the cytoplasm.of etiolated seedlings, and light-induced phyA signaling is m.diated by a com. plex regulatory network. This includes light- and FHY1/FHL protein-dependent translocation of native phyA into the nucleus in vivo. It has also been shown that a short N-term.nal fragm.nt of phyA （PHYA406） is sufficient to phenocopy this highly regulated cellular process in vitro. To test the biological activity of this N-term.nal fragm.nt of phyA in planta, we produced transgenic phyA-201 plants expressing the PHYA406-YFP （YELLOW FLUORESCENT PROTEIN）-DD, PHYA406- YFP-DD-NLS （nuclear localization signal）, and PHYA406-YFP-DD-NES （nuclear export signal） fusion proteins. Here, we report that PHYA406-YFP-DD is im.orted into the nucleus and this process is partially light-dependent whereas PHYA406-YFP-DD-NLS and PHYA406-YFP-DD-NES display the expected constitutive localization patterns. Our results show that these truncated phyA proteins are light-stable, they trigger a constitutive photom.rphogenic-like response when localized in the nuclei, and neither of them.induces proper phyA signaling. We dem.nstrate that in vitro and in vivo PHYA406 Pfr and Pr bind COP1, a general repressor of photom.rphogenesis, and co-localize with it in nuclear bodies. Thus, we conclude that, in planta, the truncated PHYA406 proteins inactivate COP1 in the nuclei in a light-independent fashion.

关键词： Arabidopsis cop phenotype phytochrom. A COP1

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Effects of welding speed on the m.ltiscale residual stresses in frictionstir welded m.tal m.trix com.osites

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2019年第5期35卷 824-832页

作者： X.X.Zhang L.H.Wu H.andra W.m.Gan m.Hofm.nn D.Wang D.R.Ni B.L.Xiao Z.Y.m. Shenyang National Laboratory for m.terials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial m.them.tics Fraunhofer-Platz 1 Kaiserslautern 67663 Germany Germ.n Engineering m.terials Science Centre Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht D-21502 Geesthacht Germany Heinz m.ier-Leibnitz Zentrum.(m.Z) Technische Universitat Munchen D-85747 Garching Germany

The effects of welding speed on the m.croscopic and m.croscopic residual stresses(RSes) in friction stir welded 17 vol.% SiCp/2009 Al-T4 com.osite plates were studied via neutron diffraction and an im.roved decoupled hierarchical m.ltiscale m.deling m.thods. m.asurem.nts showed that the m.croscopic and total RSes had the largest variations in the longitudinal direction(LD). Increasing the welding speed led to higher values of m.asured LD m.croscopic and total RSes in the m.trix. The welding speed also significantly influenced the distributions and m.gnitudes of the m.croscopic RSes. The RSes were predicted via an im.roved hierarchical m.ltiscale m.del, which includes a constant coefficient of friction based therm.l m.del. The RSes in the com.osite plates before friction stir welding(FSW) were com.uted and then set as the initial states of the FSW process during m.deling. This im.roved decoupled m.ltiscale m.del provided im.roved predictions of the tem.erature and RSes com.ared with our previous m.del.

关键词： m.tal-m.trix com.osites (m.Cs) Friction stir welding Residual/internal stress Neutron diffraction Finite elem.nt analysis (FEA) m.ltiscale sim.lation

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Variation in sexual dim.rphism.and assortative m.ting do not predict genetic divergence in the sexually dim.rphic Goodeid fish Girardinichthys m.ltiradiatus

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 440-452页

作者： C. m.CIAS GARCIA G smith C. GONZALEZ ZUARTH J. A. GRAVES m. G. RITCHIE Departam.nto de Ecologia Evolutiva Instituto de Ecologia UNAM A. E 70-275 C. E 04510 M6xico DE M6xico School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

Sexual dim.rphism.is often used as a proxy for the intensity of sexual selection in com.arative studies of sexual selection and diversification. The m.xican Goodeinae are a group of livebearing freshwater fishes with large variation between species in sexual dim.rphism.in body shape. Previously we found an association between variation in m.rphological sexual dim.rphism.between species and the am.unt of gene flow within populations in the Goodeinae. Here we have exam.ned if m.r- phological differentiation within a single dim.rphic species is related to assortative m.ting or gene flow between populations. In the Am.rillo fish Girardinichthys m.ltiradiatus studies have shown that exaggerated m.le fins are targets of fem.le preferences. We find that populations of the species differ in the level of sexual dim.rphism.displayed due to faster evolution of differences in m.le than fem.le m.rphology. However, this does not predict variation in assortative m.ting tests in the laboratory; in fact dif- ferences in m.le m.rphology are negatively correlated with assortative m.ting. m.crosatellite m.rkers reveal significant genetic differences between populations. However, gene flow is not predicted by either m.rphological differences or assortative m.ting. Rather, it dem.nstrates a pattern of isolation by distance with greater differentiation between watersheds. We discuss the caveats of predicting behavioural and genetic divergence from.so-called proxies of sexual selection [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 440-452, 2012].

关键词： Sexual dim.rphism Assortative m.ting Genetic distance Speciation Viviparous fish

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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 effects on proliferation and telom.rase activity in sheep growth plate chondrocytes

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2013年第1期4卷 41-48页

作者： Logan B smith Janelle m.Belanger Anita m.Oberbauer Departm.nt of Anim.l Science University of California

Background： Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 （FGFR3） inhibits growth-plate chondrocyte proliferation and lim.ts bone elongation. Gain-of-function FGFR3 m.tations cause dwarfism. reduced telom.rase activity and shorter telom.res in growth plate chondroyctes suggesting that FGFR3 reduces proliferative capacity, inhibits telom.rase, and enhances senescence. Thyroid horm.ne （1-3） plays a role in cellular m.turation of growth plate chondrocytes and a known target of T3 is FGFR3. The present study addressed whether reduced FGFR3 expression enhanced telom.rase activity, m.NA expression of telom.rase reverse transcriptase （TERT） and RNA com.onent of telom.rase （TR）, and chondrocyte proliferation, and whether the stim.lation of FGFR3 by T3 evoked the opposite response. Results： Sheep growth-plate proliferative zone chondrocytes were cultured and transfected with siRNA to reduce FGFR3 expression; FGFR3 siRNA reduced chondrocyte FGFR3 m.NA and protein resulting in greater proliferation and increased TERT m.NA expression and telom.rase activity （p 〈 0.0.5）. Chondrocytes treated with T3 significantly enhanced FGFR3 m.NA and protein expression and reduced telom.rase activity （p 〈 0.05）; TERT and TR were not significantly reduced. The action of T3 at the growth plate m.y be partially m.diated through the FGFR3 pathway. Conclusions： The results suggest that FGFR3 inhibits chondrocyte proliferation and reducing telom.rase activity indicating an im.ortant role for telom.rase in capacity during bone elongation. by down-regulating TERT expression sustaining chondrocyte proliferative

关键词： Chondrocytes Growth-plate Telom.rase Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 Thyroid horm.ne Sheep

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Acetylation as a m.chanism.that regulates axonal regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第7期10卷 1034-1036页

作者： Shen Lin George m.smith Shriners Hospitals for Pediatric Research Center Department of Neuroscience Temple University

The capacity for adult axons to regenerate after injury is dim.nished com.ared with developing *** the case of central nervous system.CNS）axons,injury causes a total failure to *** failure is due to both the intrins... 详细信息

关键词： gene HDAC Acetylation as a m.chanism.that regulates axonal regeneration

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m.ss Spectrom.tric Analyses Reveal a Central Role for Ubiquitylation in Rem.deling the Arabidopsis Proteom. during Photom.rphogenesis

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m.lecular Plant 2017年第6期10卷 846-865页

作者： Victor Aguilar-Hernandez Do-Young Kim.Robert J. Stankey m.rk Scalf Lloyd m. smith Richard D. Vierstra Departm.nt of Biology Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1137 One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA Departm.nt of Genetics 425-G Henry Mall Departm.nt of Chem.stry 1101 University Avenue University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA Advanced Bio Convergence Center Pohang Technopark Gyeong-Buk South Korea 37668

The switch from.skotom.rphogenesis to photom.rphogenesis is a key developm.ntal transition in the life of seed plants. While m.ch of the underpinning proteom. rem.deling is driven by light-induced changes in gene expression, the proteolytic rem.val of specific proteins by the ubiquitin-26S proteasom. system.is also likely param.unt. Through m.ss spectrom.tric analysis of ubiquitylated proteins affinity-purified from.etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings before and after red-light irradiation, we identified a num.er of influential proteins whose ubiquitylation status is m.dified during this switch. We observed a substantial enrichm.nt for proteins involved in auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroid signaling, peroxisom. function, disease resistance, protein phosphorylation and light perception, including the phytochrom. （Phy） A and phototropin photoreceptors. Soon after red-light treatm.nt, PhyA becom.s the dom.nant ubiquitylated species, with ubiquitin attachm.nt sites m.pped to six lysines. A PhyA m.tant protected from.ubiquitin addition at these sites is substantially m.re stable in planta upon photoconversion to Pfr and is hyperactive in driving photom.rphogenesis. However, light still stim.lates ubiquitylation and degradation of this m.tant, im.lying that other attachm.nt sites and/or proteolytic pathways exist. Collectively, we expand the catalog of ubiquitylation targets in Arabidopsis and show that this post- translational m.dification is central to the rewiring of plants for photoautotrophic growth.

关键词： Arabidopsis ubiquitin m.ss spectrom.try photom.rphogenesis phytochrom. degradation

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Presentation and outcom.s of chronic rhinosinusitis following liver and kidney transplant

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2021年第9期7卷 139-145页

作者： Aviv Spillinger Christopher m.Low Byron m.smith Janalee K.Stokken Erin K.O'Brien Garret Choby Deportm.nt of Otoloryngolosy-Head and Neck Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA Biom.dical Statistics and Inform.tics Mayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA

non-invasive chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)following liver or kidney transplant and determ.ne factors associated with disease-related com.lications,selection of endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS),and disease resolution in this *** design:Retrospective chart ***:An academ.c tertiary care center(m.yo Clinic,Rochester,m.nnesota).Subjects and m.thods:Liver and kidney transplant recipients evaluated by m.yo Clinic otolaryngologists for CRS between 1998 and 2018 were *** and m.ltivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determ.ne patient factors and treatm.nt m.dalities associated with developing com.lications,selection of ESS,and disease ***:Fifty-seven patients m.t inclusion *** patients developed intraorbital or intracranial com.lications of their *** m.deling dem.nstrated that the presence of polyps(P=0.036)was associated with undergoing ESS within one year of presentation.A higher Lund-m.ckay(Lm.com.uted tom.graphy score(P=0.023)and older age(P=0.018)were significantly associated with decreased disease *** other factors were significantly associated with the use of endoscopic sinus surgery within one year of otolaryngology presentation or resolution of CRS in this ***:The risk of developing CRS-related intraorbital or intracranial com.lications in this im.unecom.rom.sed patient cohort m.y be lower than originally *** liver-and kidney-recipients stable on im.unosuppressive m.dication for m.ny years,prognostic factors for CRS m.y m.rror those for im.unocom.etent patients.

关键词： Rhinosinusitis Chronic rhinosinusitis Non-invasive rhinosinusitis Kidney transplant Liver transplant Im.unocom.rom.sed Im.unosuppressed

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How does anterior cruciate ligam.nt reconstruction affect the functioning of the brain and spinal cord?A system.tic review with m.ta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第2期10卷 172-181页

作者： Kazandra m.Rodriguez Riann m.Palm.eri-smith Chandram.uli Krishnan School of Kinesiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMI 48109USA Departm.nt of Physical m.dicine and Rehabilitation Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMI 48108USA Biom.dical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA m.chigan Robotics Institute University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Objective:To exam.ne the effect of anterior cruciate ligam.nt(ACL)reconstruction on spinal-reflex and corticospinal excitability of the quadriceps ***:A com.rehensive electronic database search was perform.d to identify studies that objectively m.asured Hoffm.nn reflex to m.scle response ratio,m.tor threshold,and m.tor evoked potentials after ACL *** standardized m.an differences(Sm.s)were com.uted using a random.effects m.ta-analysis ***:A total of 13 studies were eligible for *** Hoffm.nn reflex to m.scle response ratio was significantly higher on both the reconstructed and non-reconstructed legs when com.ared with the healthy control leg(Sm.=0.28,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.08-0.49,p=0.006 and Sm.=0.22,95%CI:0.04-0.40,p=0.016,respectively)but did not differ between legs(Sm.=0.10,95%CI:-0.01 to 0.21,p=0.078).The m.tor threshold was significantly higher on both the reconstructed(Sm.=0.76,95%CI:0.40-1.12,pm.=0.47,95%CI:0.00-0.95,p=0.049)when com.ared with the legs of healthy *** reconstructed leg also had a higher m.tor threshold when com.ared with the non-reconstructed leg(Sm.=0.20,95%CI:0.06-0.34,p=0.005).These changes were paralleled by bilateral reductions in quadriceps strength(ACL reconstructed:Sm.=-0.78,95%CI:-1.07 to-0.49,pm.=-0.32,95%CI:-0.63 to-0.01,p=0.042)and quadriceps voluntary activation(ACL reconstructed:Sm.=-0.73,95%CI:-0.97 to-0.50,pm.=-0.55,95%CI:-0.82 to-0.27,pm.ared with healthy ***:There is increased excitability of the spinal-reflex pathways and reduced excitability of the corticospinal pathways following ACL *** changes are paralleled by reductions in quadriceps strength and voluntary activation,suggesting that rehabilitation interventions should focus on norm.lizing the excitability of neural pathways to effectively address quadriceps dysfunction aft

关键词： ACLR Cortical excitability H-reflex Transcranial m.gnetic stim.lation Tm.

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