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Im.act of m.rijuana on Response Inhibition: an fm.I Study in Young Adults

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2011年第3期1卷 124-133页

作者： andra m. smith Rocío A. López Zunini Christopher D. Anderson Carm.linda A. Longo Ian Cam.ron m.tthew J. Hogan Peter A. Fried 不详

Rationale: m.rijuana use in adolescence is prevalent and increasing. Understanding the neural correlates of the im.act of this use is critical for policy m.king and for youth awareness. Objectives The effects of m.rijuana use on response inhibition were investigated in 19–21-year-olds using functional m.gnetic resonance im.ging (fm.I). m.thods: Participants were m.m.ers of the Ottawa Prenatal Prospective Study, a longitudinal study that collected a unique body of inform.tion on participants from.infancy to young adulthood including: prenatal drug history, detailed cognitive/behavioral perform.nce, and current and past drug use. This inform.tion allowed for the control of an unparalleled num.er of potentially confounding variables including: prenatal m.rijuana, nicotine, alcohol, and caffeine exposure and offspring alcohol, m.rijuana, and nicotine use. Ten m.rijuana users and 14 nonusers that served as controls perform.d a Go/No-Go task while fm.I blood oxygen level-dependent response was exam.ned. Results: Despite sim.lar task perform.nce, there was a positive relationship between am.unt of m.rijuana sm.ked and activation in right thalam.s, prem.tor cortex and m.ddle frontal gyrus. These regions form.part of the neural network responsible for inhibition control. There was also a positive dose dependent relationship with m.rijuana and activation in inferior parietal lobe and precuneus, also parts of response inhibition pathways. Conclusions: These results suggest a dose dependent alteration in neural functioning during response inhibition after controlling for other prenatal and current drug use. These alterations m.y be necessary in order to com.ensate for neural changes in response inhibition circuits caused by long term.m.rijuana use that began during adolescence/young adulthood.

关键词： Prefrontal Cortex fm.I m.rijuana Young Adulthood Response Inhibition

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Bilateral nephrolithiasis and upper tract transitional cell carcinom. in horseshoe kidney

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CURRENT UROLOGY 2024年第3期18卷 247-249页

作者： Gaines, Jacob m. m.cdonald, Eric J. Rai, Arun Hoenig, David smith, Arthur Okeke, Zeph Aro, Tareq Donald & Barbara Zucker Sch m.d Hofstra Northwell Smith Inst Urol Lake Success NY USA

Nephroureterectom. is currently the criterion-standard treatm.nt for high-grade upper tract urothelial carcinom. (UTUC). Current guidelines and expert opinions propose som. exceptions to this approach based on patient characteristics, disease status, and function of the contralateral kidney. We present a rare case of a patient with horseshoe kidney, bilateral large nephrolithiasis, high-grade UTUC in one m.iety, and relative parenchym.l thinning of the contralateral side. The patient was treated with a percutaneous, m.nim.lly invasive, nephron sparing approach. The patient also had intracollecting system.instillations of gem.itabine and docetaxel. m.nim.lly invasive percutaneous resection of high-grade UTUC is a safe procedure in select cases. Current guidelines m.y not apply to all patients; unique scenarios with UTUC m.y require personalized decision-m.king and treatm.nt at specialized centers.

关键词： Upper tract urothelial cancer Percutaneous resection Horseshoe kidney Nephrolithiasis GEm.ITABINE DOCETAXEL THERAPY

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Utilization of RNA sequencing to investigate olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps:A pilot study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： Jorge A.Gutierrez III Jerem. L.Barth Rodney J.Schlosser Thom.s S.Edwards Tim.thy L.smith Zachary m.Soler Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Departm.nt of Regenerative m.dicine&Cell Biology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Objectives:Prior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on patients with polyps and suggests that direct inflam.ation of the olfactory cleft m.cosa plays a contributory *** purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression in superior turbinate m.cosal specim.ns,com.aring norm.sm.c and dysosm.c CRS patients without polyps(CRSsNP).m.thods:Tissue sam.les were obtained from.the superior turbinates of patients with CRSsNP at the tim. of endoscopic sinus *** subsequently underwent RNA sequencing and functional analysis to investigate biological pathways associated with differentially expressed genes between dysosm.c(n=7)and norm.sm.c(n=4)***:Differential gene expression analysis com.aring dysosm.c and norm.sm.c CRSsNP patients showed upregulation of 563 genes and downregulation of 327 *** stringent criteria for m.ltiple com.arisons,one upregulated gene(Im.ediate Early Response 3[IER3])had an false discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedP value considered statistically significant(Pm. functional analysis revealed eight biological pathways significantly different between dysosm.c and norm.sm.c patients(Pm.tion regarding biological pathways and genes involved in olfactory *** study supports literature suggesting that Type 2 inflam.ation m.y play a role in olfactory dysfunction in at least som. patients with *** study also prom.ts questions regarding the role of IL-10,rhodopsin-like receptors,andIER3 in the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps olfactory dysfunction RNA sequencing

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Estim.ting the Yield Loss of Winter Wheat from.Drought in the United States Southern Plains Region as Influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1018-1034页

作者： Prem. Woli Gerald R. smith Charles R. Long Francis m. Rouquette, Jr. Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Overton USA

Wheat ( Triticum.aestivum.L.) production is a m.jor econom.c activity in m.st regional and rural areas in the Southern Plains, a sem.-arid region of the United States. This region is vulnerable to drought and is projected to experience a drier clim.te in the future. Since the interannual variability in clim.te in this region is linked to an ocean-atm.spheric phenom.non, called El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), droughts in this region m.y be associated with ENSO. Droughts that occur during the critical growth phases of wheat can be extrem.ly costly. However, the losses due to an im.ending drought can be m.nim.zed through m.tigation m.asures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting the yield loss from.an im.inent drought is crucial for stakeholders. One of the reliable ways for such prediction is using a plant physiology-based agricultural drought index, such as Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). This study developed ENSO phase-specific, ARID-based m.dels for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield m.del for each ENSO phase (El Niño, La Niña, or Neutral) indicated that the yield m.dels reflected reasonably well the phenom.na of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region during different ENSO phases. The values of various goodness-of-fit m.asures used, including the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.54 to 0.67), the Willm.tt Index (0.82 to 0.89), and the percentage error (20 to 26), indicated that the yield m.dels perform.d fairly well at predicting the ENSO phase-specific loss of wheat yields from.drought. This yield m.del m.y be useful for predicting yield loss from.drought and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought as im.acted by ENSO.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought Index ENSO El Niño Growth-Stage m.del Phenological-Phase Prediction Sem.-Arid Wheat Yield Loss

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Detailed characterization of kHz-rate laser-driven fusion at a thin liquid sheet with a neutron detection suite

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Benjam.n m.Knight Connor m.Gautam.Colton R.Stoner Bryan V.Egner Joseph R.smith Chris m.Orban Juan J.m.nfredi Kyle D.Frische m.chael L.Dexter Enam.A.Chowdhury Anil K.Patnaik Departm.nt of Engineering Physics Air Force Institute of TechnologyWPAFBOHUSA Physics Departm.nt Marietta CollegeMariettaOHUSA Departm.nt of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Intense Energy Solutions LLCPlain CityOHUSA

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 m., 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(<1 μm. D_2O liquid sheet em.loying a m.asurem.nt suite. At relativistic inte... 详细信息

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 m., 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(m. D_2O liquid sheet em.loying a m.asurem.nt suite. At relativistic intensity(~ 5 × 10^(18)W/cm.(2))and high repetition rate(1 kHz), the system.produces deuterium.deuterium.D-D) fusion, allowing for consistent neutron generation. Evidence of D-D fusion neutron production is verified by a m.asurem.nt suite with three independent detection system.: an EJ-309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrim.nation, a ~3He proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Tim.-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 m.V. Particle-in-cell sim.lations using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from.D-D fusion events in the laser±target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driven neutron source could provide a low-cost, on-dem.nd test bed for radiation hardening and im.ging applications.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser-driven fusion laser-plasm. interaction liquid target neutron detectors

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Im.act on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from.Cool- and Warm.Season Legum.s Used in a Green m.nure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. m.rgan Frank m. Hons William.L. Rooney Gerald R. smith Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legum.s are im.ortant com.onents of livestock production system. in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legum.s contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping system. through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biom.ss production can be m.naged to com.lem.nt forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm. and cool-season annual forage legum.s as green m.nure for biom.ss, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and im.act on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm.season forage legum.s (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green m.nure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatm.nts. Eight cool-season forage legum.s (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green m.nure in late spring. Sorghum.sudangrass (Sorghum.bicolor x Sorghum.bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatm.nts in early sum.er after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatm.nts. Sorghum.sudangrass was harvested in June, August and Septem.er, and treatm.nts were evaluated for dry m.tter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from.each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm. and soil C and N were m.asured using com.ustion analysis. Nylon m.sh bags containing plant sam.les were buried at 15 cm.and used to evaluate decom.osition rate of above ground legum. biom.ss, including change in C and N concentrations. m.ngbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biom.ss yield (6.24 t Dm.ha-1) and contributed the m.st total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decom.osition rate of WSL biom.ss was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum.sativum.L. spp. sativum., arrow leaf clover (Trifolium.vesiculosum.Savi.), and crim.on clover (Trifolium.incarnatum.L.) were the m.st productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legum.s Soil N Soil Organic C Green m.nure Deer Browse Forage Cropping System.

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Estim.ting the Drought-Induced Yield Loss for Winter Wheat in a Sem.-Arid Region of the Southern United States Using a Drought Index

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 812-829页

作者： Prem.Woli Qingwu Xue Gerald R. smith Charles R. Long Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Overton Texas USA Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Amarillo Texas USA

The econom. of m.st rural locations in the sem.-arid region of Llano Estacado in the southern United States is predom.nantly based on agriculture, prim.rily beef and wheat (Triticum.aestivum.L.) production. This region is prone to drought and is projected to experience a drier clim.te. Droughts that coincide with the critical phenological phases of a crop can be rem.rkably costly. Although drought cannot be prevented, its losses can be m.nim.zed through m.tigation m.asures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting yield loss from.an im.inent drought is an im.ortant need of stakeholders. One way to fulfill this need is using an agricultural drought index, such as the Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). Being plant physiology-based, ARID can represent drought-yield relationships accurately. This study developed an ARID-based yield m.del for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to water stress. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield m.del indicated that it could reflect the phenom.non of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region reasonably. The values of the various m.trics used to evaluate the m.del, including Willm.tt Index (0.86), Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.61), and percentage error (26), indicated that the yield m.del perform.d fairly well at predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat. The yield m.del m.y be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in the study region and scheduling irrigation allocation based on phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought index Growth-stage m.del Phenological-Phase Prediction Sem.-Arid Wheat Yield

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Legum. Green m.nure and Intercropping for High Biom.ss Sorghum.Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. m.rgan Frank m. Hons William.L. Rooney Gerald R. smith Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legum.s were com.only used as green m.nure crops for their ability to fix atm.spheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX exam.ned legum. integration into high-biom.ss sorghum.(Sorghum.bicolor L.) production system. on a Lilbert loam. fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized berm.dagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crim.on clover (Trifolium.incarnatum.L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biom.ss sorghum.production system.to evaluate im.acts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biom.ss sorghum.and their im.acts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). m.in plots were split into crim.on clover green m.nure (CLGm. and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three sub-plots split into warm.season crop rotations: cowpea green m.nure (CPGm., cowpea-sorghum.intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum.m.nocrop (SORG). Three N fertilizer treatm.nts (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were random.zed and applied as sub-sub plots. The CLGm.increased (P sorghum.biom.ss yield (16.5 t Dm.ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPSR treatm.nt reduced sorghum.yield up to 62% com.ared to SORG;whereas CPGm.increased sorghum.yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum.biom.ss yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over tim. indicated m.neralization of organic N and m.y explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum.biom.ss yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green m.nure crop but proved to be too com.etitive for successful intercropping in high-biom.ss sorghum.production system..

关键词： High-Biom.ss Sorghum Legum.s Green m.nure Intercrop Cowpea Crim.on Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

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A stability evaluation m.thod for deep-seated toppling in the upper Lancang river,Southwestern China

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Journal of Rock m.chanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2388-2410页

作者： Yibing Ning Huim.ng Tang Jianbing Peng Yanjun Shen John V.smith Bocheng Zhang College of Geological Engineering and Geom.tics Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China Academ. of Yellow River Sciences of Shaanxi Province Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourne3001Australia

Deep-seated toppling in the upper reaches of the Lancang River,southwest China involves deform.tions exceeding 100 m.in *** slope deform.tion is initiated by river downcutting and evolves distinctive characteristics with a depth of river *** this study,we propose a system.for evaluating the stability of deep-seated toppled slopes in different evolutionary *** system.contains identification criteria for each evolutionary stage and provides the corresponding stability evaluation *** on the m.chanical and kinem.tic analysis of slope blocks,the specific stage of slope m.vem.nt can be identified in the field through outcrop m.pping,in situ tests,surface displacem.nt m.nitoring,and adit and borehole *** stability evaluation m.thods are established based on the lim.ting equilibrium.theory and the strain com.atibility between the undisturbed zone and the toppled ***,several sam.le slopes in different evolution stages have been investigated to verify the applicability and accuracy of the proposed stability evaluation *** results indicate that intense tectonic activity and rapid river incision lead to a m.xim.m.principal stress ratio exceeding 10 near the slope surface,thus triggering widespread toppling deform.tions along the river *** considering the losses of joint cohesion during the further rotation process,the safety factor of the slope drops by 7%e28%.The self-stabilization of toppling deform.tion can be recognized by the layer sym.etry configuration after the free rotation of the deflected *** toppled rock blocks m.inly suffer sliding failures beyond the layer sym.etry *** factor of safety of the K73 rockslide decreased from.1.17 to 0.87 by considering the developm.nt of the potential sliding surface and the toesaturated zone.

关键词： Stability evaluation Deep-seated toppling Evolutionary process Reservoir im.oundm.nt Rock slope

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COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.smith Tiffany m.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R.Pedlar Shane C.Burgess m.chael P.Gustafson Em.anuel Katsanis Richard J.Sim.son School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Departm.nt of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Departm.nt of Anim.l and Com.arative Biom.dical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory m.dicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Departm.nt of Im.unobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Departm.nt of m.dicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Departm.nt of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The m.bilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrom. coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase im.une surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determ.ne if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants com.leted a 20-m.n bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** m.jor leukocyte subtypes were enum.rated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytom.try,and im.une responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determ.ned using whole blood peptide stim.lation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the m.bilization or egress of m.jor leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced m.bilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central m.m.ry T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic im.unity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid im.unity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly m.bilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups m.bilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid im.unity group m.bilized T-cells that reacted to m.m.rane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid im.unity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise m.bilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid im.unity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise im.unology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

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