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A prototype for on-site generation of chlorinated disinfectant for use in rural aqueducts

Water science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 33-40页

作者： Diana Marcela Cuesta Parra felipe Correa Mahecha andrés felipe rubio pinzon Davidcamilo Ramirez Bustos Leonel Alveyro Teran Llorente Miguel Fernando Jimenez Jimenez Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department Fundacion Universidad de AmericaBogota 117111Colombia Chemical Engineering Department Fundacion Universidad de AmericaBogota 117111Colombia Mecanical Engineering Department Fundacion Universidad de AmericaBogota 117111Colombia

sodium hypochlorite has significant potential as a sanitation solution in hard-to-reach *** studies have investigated the optimal electrolysis parameters for its production with volumes greater than 1o *** study evaluated sodium hypochlorite production through electrolysis in a 22-L prototype and identified the optimal operating *** were performed using graphite electrodes with areas of 68.4 cm^(2) at the laboratory scale and 1865.0 cm^(2) at the prototype scale.A design for experiments with different operating times,chloride concentrations,and electric current intensities was *** optimal operating time,sodium chloride concentration,and current intensity at the laboratory scale were 120 min,150 g of chloride per liter,and 3 A,respectively,leading to the production of 5.02 g/L of the disinfectant with an energy efficiency of 12.21 mg of Cl_(2) per *** the prototype scale,the maximum sodium hypochlorite concentration of 3.99 g of chloride per liter was achieved with an operating time of 120 min,a sodium chloride concentration of 100 g of chloride per liter,and a current intensity of 70 A,reaching an energy efficiency of 42.56 mg of Cl_(2) per *** addition,this study evaluated the influences of the chloride concentration,current intensity,and operating time on the production of sodium hypochlorite at the two scales,and formulated the equations showing the trends of sodium hypochlorite production and energy efficiency in the electrochemical *** 22-L prototype model for production of this oxidizing substance is promising for disinfection of large volumes of water in areas that are difficult to access.

关键词： Disinfection Electrolysis Energy efficiency Optimization sodium hypochlorite

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New perspectives in the management of small cell lung cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022年第6期13卷 429-447页

作者： Cristina Pangua Jacobo Rogado Gloria serrano-Montero JoséBelda-sanchís BeatrizÁlvarez Rodríguez Laura Torrado Nuria Rodríguez De Dios Xabier Mielgo-rubio Juan Carlos Trujillo felipe Couñago Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Infanta LeonorMadrid 28031Spain Department of Thoracic surgery Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau&Hospital de MarUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona 08041CataloniaSpain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario HM SanchinarroHM HospitalesHM CIOCC Centro Integral Oncológico Clara CampalMadrid 28050Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti&Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela(IDIS)Lugo 27003Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Del Mar&Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute(IMIM)&Pompeu Fabra UniversityBarcelona 08003CataloniaSpain Department of Medical Oncology Alcorcón Foundation University HospitalAlcorcón 28922MadridSpain Department of Thoracic surgery Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelona 08029Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud MadridHospital La LuzUniversidad Europea de MadridMadrid 28223Spain

The treatment of small cell lung cancer(sCLC)is a challenge for all specialists *** treatments have been added to the therapeutic armamentarium in recent months,but efforts must continue to improve both survival and quality of *** in surgery and radiotherapy have resulted in prolonged survival times and fewer complications,while more careful patient selection has led to increased staging *** in the field of systemic therapy have resulted in changes to clinical guidelines and the management of patients with advanced disease,mainly with the introduction of *** this article,we describe recent improvements in the management of patients with sCLC,review current treatments,and discuss future lines of research.

关键词： small cell lung cancer Whole-brain radiotherapy Prophylactic cranial irradiation stereotactic body radiotherapy Immunotherapy Atezolizumab Durvalumab

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Neoadjuvant treatment in non-small cell lung cancer:New perspectives with the incorporation of immunotherapy

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022年第5期13卷 314-322页

作者： Carlos Aguado Luis Chara Mónica Antonanzas Jose Maria Matilla Gonzalez Unai Jiménez Raul Hernanz Xabier Mielgo-rubio Juan Carlos Trujillo-Reyes felipe Counago Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Clínico Universitario San CarlosMadrid 28040Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario de GuadalajaraGuadalajara 19002Spain Department of Thoracic surgery Hospital Clínico Universitario de ValladolidValladolid 47005Spain Department of Thoracic surgery Hospital Universitario CrucesBarakaldoBizkaia 48903Basque CountrySpain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Ramón y CajalMadrid 28034Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónAlcorcón 28922MadridSpain Department of Thoracic surgery Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant PauBarcelona 08029CataloniaSpain Department of surgery Universitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelona 08029CataloniaSpain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud MadridPozuelo de Alarcón 28223MadridSpain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital La LuzMadrid 28003Spain Medicine Department School of Biomedical SciencesUniversidad Europea de MadridVillaviciosa de Odón 28670MadridSpain

The aim of neoadjuvant treatment in non-small cell lung cancer(NsCLC)is to eliminate micrometastatic disease to facilitate surgical *** chemotherapy(ChT)in localised NsCLC has numerous advantages over other therapeutic modalities and is considered standard treatment in resectable *** with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)improves long-term survival in advanced disease and has a better toxicity profile than conventional *** immunotherapy agents(anti-PD1/PD-L1),administered with or without ChT,are currently being evaluated in the preoperative setting,with initial results showing better pathological response rates and more long-term ***,these drugs do not appear to increase the rate of severe adverse effects and/or postoperative ***,several questions still need to be resolved,including the identification of predictive biomarkers;comparative studies of immunotherapy alone vs combined treatment with ChT and/or radiotherapy;the optimal duration of treatment;the timing of surgery;the need for adjuvant treatment;appropriate radiologic evaluation and mediastinal staging;and the correlation between pathological response and survival *** we review the current evidence for immunotherapy from a multidisciplinary perspective and discuss current and future controversies.

关键词： Non-small cell lung cancer Neoadjuvant Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunotherapy Anti-PD1 Anti-PD-L1 Complete pathological response

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Tsunami of immunotherapy reaches mesothelioma

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022年第4期13卷 267-275页

作者： Xabier Mielgo-rubio Ana Cardena Gutierrez Veronica sotelo Pena Maria Virginia sanchez Becerra andrea Maria Gonzalez Lopez Adriana Rosero Juan Carlos Trujillo-Reyes felipe Counago Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Fundacion AlcorconAlcorcon 28922MadridSpain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Nuestra Senora de CandelariaSanta Cruz de TenerifeCanarias 38010Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Virgen de La LuzCuenca 16002Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Del HenaresCoslada 28822MadridSpain Department of Thoracic surgery Hospital Universitari de la Santa Creu i Sant PauUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelona 08029Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Quironsalud MadridPozuelo de Alcorcon 28223MadridSpain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital La LuzMadrid 28003Spain Medicine Department Universidad Europea de MadridVillaviciosa de Odon 28670MadridSpain

Malignant pleural mesothelioma(MPM) is the most common type of malignant mesothelioma. It is a rare tumor linked to asbestos exposure and is associated with a poor prognosis. Until very recently, patients with advanced or unresectable disease had limited treatment options, primarily based on doublet chemotherapy with cisplatin and pemetrexed. In 2020 and 2021, after more than a decade with no major advances or new drugs, two phase Ⅲ clinical trials published results positioning immunotherapy as a promising option for the first-and second-line treatment of MPM. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of many cancers and is also showing encouraging results in malignant mesothelioma. Both immune checkpoint inhibition and dual cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 and programmed death-ligand 1 pathway blockade resulted in significantly improved overall survival in randomized phase Ⅲ trials. In the Check Mate 743 trial, first-line therapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab outperformed standard chemotherapy, while in the CONFIRM trial, nivolumab outperformed placebo in patients previously treated with chemotherapy. These two trials represent a major milestone in the treatment of MPM and are set to position immunotherapy as a viable alternative for treatment-naive patients and patients with progressive disease after chemotherapy.

关键词： Mesothelioma Malignant pleural mesothelioma Immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 Programmed cell death protein 1 Nivolumab Ipilimumab Immunotherapy combo Check Mate 743 CONFIRM

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New horizons for uncommon mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: BRAF, KRAs, RET, MET, NTRK, HER2

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022年第4期13卷 276-286页

作者： Maria Eugenia Olmedo Raquel Cervera Luis Cabezon-Gutierrez Yolanda Lage Elena Corral de la Fuente Ana Gomez Rueda1,Xabier Mielgo-rubio Juan Carlos Trujillo felipe Counago Department of Medical Oncology Ramon y Cajal University HospitalMadrid 28034Spain Department of Medical Oncology Del Henares University HospitalCoslada 28822MadridSpain Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario de TorrejonTorrejon de Ardoz 28850MadridSpain Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Ramon y CajalMadrid 28034Spain Department of Medical Oncology Foundation Alcorcon University HospitalAlcorcón 28922MadridSpain Department Thoracic surgery Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant PauBarcelona 08029CataloniaSpain Department of surgery Universitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelona 08029CataloniaSpain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Quironsalud MadridPozuelo 28223MadridSpain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital La LuzMadrid 28003Spain Medicine Department School of Biomedical SciencesUniversidad Europea de MadridMadrid 28670Spain

The 2004 discovery of EGFR mutations,followed by ALK rearrangements,ushered in a targeted therapy era for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NsCLC).Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting gene alterations have substantially improved survival and quality of life for patients with *** the last decade,rearrangements of the ROs1 oncogene have been incorporated into healthcare practice that are applicable to another small subgroup of patients who benefit from similar targeted *** genome studies of lung adenocarcinoma have identified other possible therapeutic targets,including RET,NTRK fusions,c-MET alterations,and activating mutations in KRAs,BRAF,and HER2,all with frequencies greater than 1%.Lung cancers harbouring these genome changes can potentially be treated with agents approved for other indications or under clinical *** review updates the therapeutic arsenal that especially targets those genes.

关键词： BRAF NTRK KRAs MET RET HER2 Non-small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy Uncommon mutations

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stereotactic body radiation therapy:A good dance partner of oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer to the sound of sINDAs study

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2020年第12期11卷 983-989页

作者： Xabier Mielgo-rubio Javier Garde-Noguera Oscar Juan felipe Couñago Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónMadrid 28922Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Arnau de VilanovaC/Sant ClimentValencia 46015Spain Department of Medical Oncology La Fe University HospitalValencia 46026Comunitat ValencianaSpain school of Medicine Catholic University San Vicente MartirValencia 46001Comunitat ValencianaSpain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud MadridHospital La LuzUniversidad Europea de MadridMadrid 28028Spain

The European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Research published a consensus statement to establish the key criteria to define oligometastatic disease(OMD).According to those criteria,all lesions(both primary and metastatic)should be amenable to radical intent treatment with acceptable *** retrospective studies have shown that adding local ablative therapy to the treatment of OMD improves outcomes;however,due to the diverse selection criteria and treatment strategies used in those studies,it is difficult to compare directly results to draw definitive *** recent years,prospective phase II trials,such as the sABR-COMET and"Oligomez"trials,have shown that stereotactic body radiation therapy(sBRT)improves outcomes in patients with *** recently,interim results of the randomised phase 3 sINDAs trial were reported at the annual meeting of the American society of Clinical Oncology 2020 demonstrating that upfront sBRT added to systemic treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors yielded a significant benefit in both progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant oligometastatic non-small cell lung *** the present editorial,we review the definition and historical context of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with *** addition,we review the scientific evidence for local ablative therapy and sBRT and discuss the results of recently published prospective *** also discuss in depth the results of the sINDAs study,including the strengths and weaknesses of the study and the barriers to extrapolating these results to routine clinical practice.

关键词： Oligometastatic Non-small cell lung cancer stereotactic body radiation therapy sINDAs Local ablative therapy Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations Epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated

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Current treatment landscape for oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022年第6期13卷 485-495页

作者： Javier Garde-Noguera Margarita Martín-Martín andres Obeso Miriam López-Mata Inigo Royo Crespo Lira Pelari-Mici O Juan Vidal Xabier Mielgo-rubio Juan Carlos Trujillo-Reyes felipe Couñago Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Arnau de VilanovaValencia 46015Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Ramón y CajalMadrid 28034Spain Department of Thoracic surgery Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de CompostelaVigo 15706Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano BlesaZaragoza 50009Spain Department of Thoracic surgery Hospital Universitari Vall d’HebronBarcelona 08035Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La FeValencia 46026Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónAlcorcón 28922MadridSpain Department of Thoracic surgery Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant PauBarcelona 08029Spain Department of surgery Universitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelona 08029Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud MadridMadrid 28223Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital La LuzMadrid 28003Spain Medicine Department School of Biomedical SciencesUniversidad Europea de MadridVillaviciosa de Odón 28670MadridSpain

The management of patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma(NsCLC)has undergone major changes in recent *** the one hand,improved sensitivity of diagnostic tests,both radiological and endoscopic,has altered the way patients are *** the other hand,the arrival of new drugs with antitumoral activity,such as targeted therapies or immunotherapy,has changed the prognosis of patients,improving disease control and prolonging ***,the development of radiotherapy and surgical and interventional radiology techniques means that radical ablative treatments can be performed on metastases in any location in the *** of these advances have impacted the treatment of patients with advanced lung cancer,especially in a subgroup of these patients in which all of these treatment modalities *** poses a challenge for physicians who must decide upon the best treatment strategy for each patient,without solid evidence for one optimal mode of treatment in this patient *** aim of this article is to review,from a practical and multidisciplinary perspective,published evidence on the management of oligometastatic NsCLC *** evaluate the different alternatives for radical ablative treatments,the role of primary tumor resection or radiation,the impact of systemic treatments,and the therapeutic *** short,the present document aims to provide clinicians with a practical guide for the treatment of oligometastatic patients in routine clinical practice.

关键词： Oligometastatic Non-small cell lung carcinoma Non-small cell lung cancer Oligometastasis

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Immunotherapy combinations and chemotherapy sparing schemes in first line non-small cell lung cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2021年第12期12卷 1182-1192页

作者： María sereno Oliver Higuera Patricia Cruz Castellanos sandra Falagan Xabier Mielgo-rubio Juan Carlos Trujillo-Reyes felipe Couñago Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Infanta SofíaSan Sebastián de los Reyes 28702MadridSpain Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario La PazMadrid 28046Spain Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónAlcorcón 28922MadridSpain Department of Thoracic surgery Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant PauBarcelona 08029CataloniaSpain Department of surgery Universitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelona 08029CataloniaSpain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud MadridPozuelo de Alarcón 28223MadridSpain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital La LuzMadrid 28003Spain Medicine Department School of Biomedical SciencesUniversidad Europea de MadridVillaviciosa de Odón 28670MadridSpain

In recent years,studies have explored different combinations of immunotherapy and *** rationale behind these is the improved survival outcomes of new immunologic therapies used in first-line-treatment of advanced non-small cell lung ***,for the most-studied combinations of anti-programed death-1(PD-1)/programed death ligand-1(PD-L1)with the addition of platinumbased chemotherapy,recent research is investigating whether combining different immunologic antitumoral mechanisms of action,such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4,or anti-PD-L1 and anti-TIGIT,with or without chemotherapy,can improve efficacy outcomes compared with more classical combinations,or compared with standard chemotherapy ***,we present the data of the main randomized studies that have evaluated these combinations,focusing on the basic rationale behind the different combinations,and the efficacy and tolerability data available to date.

关键词： Immunotherapy combinations Anti-programmed cell death protein Antiprogrammed cell death ligand 1 anti-TIGIT anti-CTLA-4 Combo Non-small cell lung cancer

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Advances and controversies in the management of early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2021年第12期12卷 1089-1100页

作者： Angel Cilleruelo-Ramos Esther Cladellas-Gutiérrez Carolina de la Pinta Laura Quintana-Cortés Paloma sosa-Fajardo felipe Couñago Xabier Mielgo-rubio Juan Carlos Trujillo-Reyes Department of Thoracic surgery Clinic Universitary HospitalValladolid 47005Spain Department of surgery Universidad de ValladolidValladolid 47001Spain Department of Thoracic surgery Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelona 08029Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Ramón y CajalMadrid 28034Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Don Benito-VillanuevaBadajoz 06400Spain Department of Radiation Therapy Complejo Hospitalario UniversitarioSantiago de CompostelaLa Coruña 15706Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud MadridMadrid 28223Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital La LuzMadrid 28223Spain Department of Medicine School of Biomedical SciencesUniversidad EuropeaMadrid 28223Spain Department of Medical Oncology Unit Hospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónMadrid 28922Spain Department of surgery Universitat AutónomaBarcelona 08029Spain

Complete resection continues to be the gold standard for the treatment of earlystage lung *** landmark Lung Cancer study Group trial in 1995 established lobectomy as the minimum intervention necessary for the management of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer,as it was associated with lower recurrence and metastasis rates than sublobar resection and lower postoperative morbidity and mortality than *** is a growing tendency to perform sublobar resection in selected cases,as,depending on factors such as tumor size,histologic subtype,lymph node involvement,and resection margins,it can produce similar oncological results to *** treatments such as stereotactic body radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation can also produce good outcomes in inoperable patients or patients who refuse surgery.

关键词： Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery sublobar resection Radiofrequency ablation stereotactic radiosurgery Early stage Lung cancer

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Deep diving in the PACIFIC:Practical issues in stage III non-small cell lung cancer to avoid shipwreck

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2020年第11期11卷 898-917,I0003页

作者： Xabier Mielgo-rubio Federico Rojo Laura Mezquita-Pérez Francesc Casas Amadeo Wals Manel Juan Carlos Aguado Javier Garde-Noguera David Vicente felipe Couñago Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónMadrid 28922Spain Department of Pathology IIS-Jiménez Díaz-CIBERONC FoundationMadrid 28040Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital ClinicLaboratory of Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid TumorsIDIBAPSBarcelona 08036Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital ClinicBarcelona 08036Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Virgen MacarenaSevilla 41009Spain Department of Immunology service Hospital ClínicUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelona 08036Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Clínico San CarlosMadrid 28040Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Virgen MacarenaSevilla 49001Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud MadridHospital La LuzUniversidad Europea de MadridMadrid 28028Spain

After publication of the PACIFIC trial results,immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy was included in the treatment algorithm of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NsCLC).The PACIFIC trial demonstrated that 12 mo of durvalumab consolidation therapy after radical-intent platinum doublet chemotherapy with concomitant radiotherapy improved both progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with unresectable stage III *** is the first treatment in decades to successfully improve survival in this clinical setting,with manageable toxicity and without deterioration in quality of *** integration of durvalumab in the management of locally advanced NsCLC accentuates the need for multidisciplinary,coordinated decision-making among lung cancer specialists,bringing new challenges and controversies as well as important changes in clinical work *** aim of the present article is to review—from a practical,multidisciplinary perspective—the findings and implications of the PACIFIC *** evaluate the immunobiological basis of durvalumab as well as practical aspects related to programmed cell death ligand 1 *** addition,we comprehensively assess the efficacy and toxicity data from the PACIFIC trial and discuss the controversies and practical aspects of incorporating durvalumab into routine clinical ***,we discuss unresolved questions and future *** short,the present document aims to provide clinicians with a practical guide for the application of the PACIFIC regimen in routine clinical practice.

关键词： Durvalumab Non-small cell lung cancer PACIFIC Immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 Consolidation therapy Unresectable stage III lung cancer

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