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Causes of developmental delay in children of 5 to 72 months old at the child neurology unit of Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital (Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2013年第3期3卷 279-285页

作者： Séraphin Nguefack Karen Kengne Kamga Boniface Moifo andréas chiabi Evelyn Mah Elie Mbonda Departement of Pediatric Neurology Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: According to the World Health Organization, about 5% of children world-wide of 14-year-old and under have a moderate to severe developmental disability, and up to 15% of children under 5-year-old are developmentally delayed. Purpose: To determine the prevalence, socio-demographic profile, aetiologies, and the clinical presentation of developmental delay in children less than 6-year-old at the child neurology unit in a university-affiliated hospital in Yaounde. Materials and methods: It was a crosssectional descriptive study carried out in Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital (Cameroon) from August to December 2012. Children aged between 5 - 72 months with a developmental quotient less than 70 were enrolled. Developmental delay (DD) was diagnosed and classified using the Denver developmental screening test (DDST). Data concerning the child (age, gender, severity of DD), the mother (age, age at conception, educational level, marital status), history of pregnancy and delivery, perinatal and postnatal events, results of para-clinical explorations (EEG, CT-scan, genetic tests), the severity of DD and the probable or demonstrate cause of DD were recorded on a standardized questionnaire. The chisquare test was used to compare variables. Results: During the study period, 2171 children aged 5 - 72 months consulted the paediatric department of the hospital, 296 were examined at the child neurology unit of which 153 had a developmental quotient less than 70, giving a hospital prevalence of 7.0% and a prevalence of 51.7% at the child neurology unit. The mean age was 26.6 ± 18.0 months and there were 56% males. The main reason for consulting was tonus disorder (43.8%) and the developmental area of parental concern was the motor domain (90.2%). Regarding the clinical presentation, 75.2% of our population were children with cerebral palsy. DD was severe, mild, moderate and profound respectively in 14.2%, 13.5%, 12.2%, and 11.1%. Gross DD represented 90.2%

关键词： Developmental Delay Risk Factors Aetiologies Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Children Cameroon

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Neurodevelopmental Problems in Children at 9 Months of Age Associated with Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第2期7卷 98-108页

作者： Evelyn Mungyeh Mah Seraphin Nguefack Hélène Kamo Selangai andréas chiabi Mbassi Awa Félicité Dongmo Mazou Ngou Temgoua Elie Mbonda Affiliation Department of Pediatrics Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Mother and Child Center of the Chantal Biya Foundation Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Neonatal asphyxia is a major cause of infant morbidity in Cameroon. The aim of this study was to describe the short-term neurological outcome of children following neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from May 2010 to September 2013. We included 39 exposed cases against 78 non-exposed cases followed-up for at least 9 months. The variables studied were: age, sex, head circumference, neurological sequelae, postural anomalies and motor skills and developmental age/quotient. The data collected were analyzed using Epi info software version 3.5.3. The Fisher Exact Test was used to compare the variables with a significance threshold defined for p Results: We recruited 39 cases for 78 controls. The majority (74.40%) of cases were classified as HIE Sarnat 3 and 25.60% Sarnat 2. Most of the children were aged 12 - 36 months with a mean age of 18 months. The male sex was predominant with a sex ratio of 1.2;and 61.50% of children with HIE had head circumference Conclusion: The frequency of neurological sequelae following HIE was high in our series. Efforts should be made to prevent perinatal asphyxia and to ensure the availability of material and staff trained to help babies’ breath in all the delivery rooms in our maternities.

关键词： Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Cerebral Palsy Mental Retardation Cameroon

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Overweight and Fasting Hyperglycemia in Children Born Preterm in a Resource-Limited Country (Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第4期10卷 666-677页

作者： Mah Evelyn Mungyeh Ngwanou Dany Hermann Ngo Um Sap Suzanne Maguip Linda Chelo David Temgoua Ngou Mazou Zantia Gides chiabi andréas Angwafo III Fru Forbushi Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaoundé Yaounde Cameroon Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Mother and Child Center Chantal Biya Foundation Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: The survival of more preterm babies through improved management techniques may imply an increased risk of non-communicable diseases including obesity, diabetes and other cardiovascular risk diseases with age. The prevalence of these diseases varies worldwide. The main objective of this study was to determine the rates and factors associated with overweight and diabetes in children born preterm at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including children aged 6 to 11 years. Data were collected from the records of premature and full-term infants hospitalized from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2013. Patients were evaluated during outpatient consultation, where height, weight, Body mass index and blood pressure were measured together with fasting capillary blood glucose levels. The Fisher test and the Chi-square test were used to compare proportions. Relative risk (RR) was used to establish the relationship between the different variables. Results: We enrolled 125 children born preterm and 250 born at full-term. The mean age was 8.2 ± 1.6 years. The cumulative incidence of pathologies varied according to type: Overweight 32% in preterm versus

关键词： Overweight Diabetes Prematurity Low-Income Country

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Clinical, aetiological and evolutive aspects of West syndrome in Yaoundé(Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2013年第4期3卷 306-310页

作者： Séraphin Nguefack Boniface Moifo andréas chiabi Antoine Ledoux Defo Evelyn Mah Florence Fru Paul Cédric Mbonda Pierre Fernand Tchokoteu Elie Mbonda Departement of Pediatric Neurology Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde I Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: West syndrome (WS) is an epileptic syndrome of the infant occurring between the 3rd and 12th months of life and characterized by the triad: infantile spasms in flexion, extension or mixed;global developmental delay;and hypsarrythmia on the electroencephalogram (EEG). Its incidence varies between 2.9 and 4.5 per 10,000 live births. West syndrome is caused by a brain dysfunction whose origins can be prenatal, neonatal and postnatal. Sometimes the aetiology is genetic or unknown. Purpose: To determine the main clinical, aetiological and major evolutive aspects of West syndrome in child neurology unit in a university-affiliated hospital in Yaoundé. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective descriptive study conducted from September 2011 to January 2012 inthe child neurology unit of the Yaoundé gynaeco-obstetric and paediatric hospital. The medical records of 68 children followed for West syndrome (WS) in the service during the period from February 2008 to January 2012 (48 months) were used. All infants of 1- to 16-month-old with the diagnosis of WS were included. The diagnosis of WS was based on clinical evidence of spasm in flexion and/or in extension with global development delay, and EEG evidence of hypsarythmia or focal/multifocal epileptic abnormalities when hypsarythmia is absent. For each included infant, relevant medical history and complete physical examination were performed. The following data were collected and reported on a standardized questionnaire: prenatal, perinatal and postnatal past histories, age at onset of spasms, age at diagnosis, semiology of spasms, psychomotor development, the EEG and CT aspects and the evolutive modes of WS under treatment. Psychomotor development was assessed using theDenverdevelopmental screening test (DDST) which assesses the mental age compared to chronological age. Results: The age of onset of spasms varied between 1 and 16 months with a mean of 4.69 (±1.98) months. Males were highly represented with a se

关键词： West Syndrome Epilepsy Aetiology Evolution Cameroon

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The Empiric Use of Palm Kernel Oil in Neonatal Skin Care:Justifiable or Not?

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2011年第12期17卷 950-954页

作者： andreas chiabi Maguerite Hortence Kenmogne Seraphin Nguefack Bolaji Obadeyi Evelyne Mah Franck Zeh Meka Pierre-Fernand Tchokoteu Elie Mbonda Tetanye Ekoe Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital P.O.Box 4362Yaounder Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde IP.O.Box 1364YaounderCameroon Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaounde IP.O.Box 812YaounderCameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1P.O.Box 1364YaounderCameroon Health Logics P.O.Box 13777Ikeia LagosNigeria Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde IP.O.Box 1364Yaounder Cameroon

Palm kernel oil is a vegetable oil derived from Elaeis guineensis and widely used in neonatal settings for skin care. It is a good emollient with a beneficial effect in moisturizing the skin and preventing transdermal heat and water loss. However, it＇s putative roles in the prevention or treatment of fatty acid deficiency is still controversial. So is its function in the improvement of neurological development from its long- chain polyunsaturated fatty acids？ We set out in this review to verify whether its empiric use in this context has any scientific justification and is recommendable. Although there is evidence that it has emollient and moisturizing properties necessary for softening the skin and restoring elasticity, controversy subsists on its other nutritional and neurodevelopmental properties.

关键词： palm kernel oil neonate skin care

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Etiologies and Outcome of Children with Purulent Meningitis at the Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第4期4卷 269-275页

作者： Seraphin Nguefack andreas chiabi Jacob Enoh El Hadji Djouberou Evelyn Mah Karen Kengne Kamga Sandra Tatah Elie Mbonda Departement of Pediatric Neurology Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric HospitalYaoundeCameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon Departement of Pediatric University of Cocody-AbidjanAbidjanCote d’Ivoire

Background: Bacterial meningitis is one of the most severe infections in infants and children. It is associated with high mortality and neurological sequelae. In order to improve the prognosis of infants and children with purulent meningitis, we decided to conduct this study whose main objective was to identify the main pathogens responsible and describe the outcome in infants and children aged 2 months to 15 years admitted for purulent meningitis at the Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (YGOPH). Method: This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection and consecutive sampling. Our study was conducted from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013. The patients included in the study were infants and children aged from 2 months to 15 years who were admitted for bacterial meningitis at the YGOPH, confirmed by bacteriological examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with identification of the pathogen by culture or soluble antigen. The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 18.0 and Excel 2007. The Chi-square test was used to determine the association of various variables. The significance threshold was set as P 0.05. Results: We selected 171 cases of purulent meningitis who represented 1.54% of admitted patients. The sex ratio was 1.2. We noted that 45% of our patients were aged 2 months to 1 year. The main presenting complaints were fever (98.8%), seizures (44.4%) and vomiting (28.7%). Haemophilus influenzae was found in 67 children (39.2%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae in 54 children (31.6%) and Neisseria meningitidis in 17 children (9.9%). Acute complications (status epilepticus, coma) were seen in 33% of patients. The statistically significant (P 0.05) factors for poor prognosis were aged from 2 months to 1 year (P = 0.0004), coma (P = 0.32), intracranial hypertension (P = 0.0001), the pathogen (P = 0.0032Pneumococcus), a delay of more than three days between the onset of the disease and the treatment (P = 0.0134) and brain abscess

关键词： Bacterial Meningitis Etiologies Outcome Children Cameroon

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Factors Influencing Routine Vaccination of Children of Mothers Live-Stock Retailers in the Markets of Yaoundé

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World Journal of Vaccines 2016年第2期6卷 23-33页

作者： Nguefack Dongmo Félicitée Tassadong Christiane Dongmo Roger Tatah Sandra Fodoung Wamba Danny Stève chiabi andreas Kago Innocent Kobela Marie Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Higher Institute for Health Sciences University of the Mountains Bangangté Cameroon District Hospital of Efoulan Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bameda Bambili Cameroon

Background: The job of mothers though having a positive impact on the family could be detrimental to children’s health due to her unavailability. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March to August 2014. Mothers of children aged 11 - 48 months were interviewed to determine factors which could influence the vaccination of their children. Results: A total of 265 mothers were interviewed. Despite their occupations, they completely vaccinated all of their children. The vaccination coverage of tracer antigens (third dose of DPT/HiB/HepB) was high 97.7% as well as the proportion of children completely vaccinated (91.7%). A mastery of the vaccination calendar of the site, and resumption of activities when the children were more than 4 months old, significantly influenced the completion of vaccination. Only 6 children (2.3%) were not correctly or incompletely vaccinated. The reason given by their mothers were: the lack of time (45.0%), the adverse effects of vaccines (27.0%), forgetfulness (18%), and shortage of vaccines supplies (5.0%). Conclusions: Occupation was not a hindrance to the vaccination of children of live-stock retailers. The problem of absent or incomplete vaccination could be overcome by improving the strategies of social mobilisation, permitting the sensitisation of mothers hesitant to vaccinate their children. A regular supply of vaccines will reduce the missed opportunities, thus maintaining high vaccination coverage in this social group.

关键词： Vaccination Coverage Factors Complete Occupation Mothers Children

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Reasons for Delayed Breastfeeding Initiation among Newly Delivered Women in Two First-Category Hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第3期10卷 474-485页

作者： Félicitée Nguefack Dany Hermann Ngwanou Georges Pius Kamsu Moyo Louise Ejake Evelyn Mungyeh Mah Guy Wafeu Danny Stève Fodoung Wamba andreas chiabi Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicals Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is fundamental for the good health and development of the mother and the child. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breastfeeding after childbirth should be initiated within 30 minutes. For a number of reasons, WHO recommendations on guiding principles for infants and young children feeding are often not followed. Objective: To determine the reasons for the delayed initiation of breastfeeding in newly delivered women. Means and Method: We carried out a mixed cross-sectional study over a period of six months from December 1st 2018 to May 31st 2019, at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. We included all mothers with full-term or premature babies weighing ≥ 2000 grams and those whom initiated breastfeeding more than one hour after delivery. The mother’s reasons for delaying breastfeeding initiation were recorded using a dictaphone and data were accurately extracted for analysis. Results: We interviewed 153 mothers. Their mean age was 27.9 ± 6.2 years. The main reasons for delaying breastfeeding initiation were caesarean delivery (22%), the belief in “spoiled milk” (21%), lack of knowledge about the time to initiate breastfeeding (21%), baby asleep (18%), and lack of instruction given to the mother by the health staff (2%). Conclusion: Delayed breastfeeding was common in our cont

关键词： Childbirth Breastfeeding Delay Reasons Yaoundé

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Psychomotor Development of Children Born Premature at the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第1期10卷 147-158页

作者： Séraphin Nguefack Eric G. Ananfack Evelyn Mah Daniel Kago Sandra Tatah F. Puepi Yolande Dominique Enyama Diomede Noukeu andreas chiabi Felicité Dongmo Nguefack Department of Pediatric Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Departement of Paediatrics Faculty of Medecine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medecine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Premature infants are at risk for developmental delay. We assessed the psychomotor development of children born before 37 weeks of gestation.?Methods:?This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatric Department of the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital from January to May 2018. We used the Denver II scale to assess the psychomotor development of children born premature aged 9 months to 6 years. Children born between January 2012 and April 2017 at a gestational age strictly below 37 weeks of gestation were included. Using logistic regression, we searched for perinatal factors associated with abnormalities of psychomotor developmental.?Results:?We included 50 children in our study, 60% of whom were boys, giving a sex ratio of 1.5. The mean age was 25 ± 19.5 months. The mean gestational age was 33 ± 2.2 weeks and the mean birth weight was 2178.68 ± 748.01 g. The average Developmental Quotient of the population was 108. Six children (12%) had a global developmental delay (DQ ?70), 22% of the children had a language delay. Convulsion was associated with motor delay (OR = 16;P = 0.03), and pregnancy monitoring a protective factor for language delay (P = 0.02).?Conclusion:?Improving perinatal care remains a preoccupying issue. The assessment of psychomotor development should be done until early childhood to enable early diagnosis of learning disabilities.

关键词： Premature Babies Psychomotor Development Yaounde Cameroon

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Birth Injuries in Neonates at a University Teaching Hospital in Cameroon: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第1期7卷 51-58页

作者： E. M. Mah P. Foumane D. H. Ngwanou S. Nguefack A. chiabi J. S. Dobit H. Siyou J. B. Bogne E. Mbonda Fru Angwafo III Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Statistics on birth injuries in Cameroon are scarce, despite its frequency in postnatal consultations;we sort to find its prevalence and contributing factors, the different clinical presentations and treatment methods. Methodology: This was a retrospective, descriptive study. Data on maternal characteristics, neonatal factors, the place of birth and qualification of birth attendant, age at diagnosis, clinical presentation and management were considered. Results: Among the 14,284 newborns that were consulted from January 2003 to February 2014, 263 (1.84%) had birth injuries. The average age at diagnosis was 12 days. The contributing factors were: advanced maternal age, macrosomia, vaginal and instrumental delivery. Birth attendants were mostly nurses and the health center was the place of birth for 57.4% of patients. The main clinical presentations were: obstetric brachial plexus palsy (70.6%), fracture of the clavicle (22.5%) and fracture of the humerus (4.80%). Physiotherapy and orthopedic treatment were methods used with favorable outcome. Conclusion: The frequency of birth injury is relatively high in our context. The diagnosis is late, birth attendants need to be trained and systematic examination of all newborns in delivery room encouraged.

关键词： Birth Injury Newborn Yaoundé

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