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Behavioral snake mimicry in breeding tits

Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 27-33页

作者： anders Pape MФLLER Einar FLENSTED-JENSEN wei LIANG Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systématique et EvolutionCNRS UMR 8079Université-Paris-SudSaclayBâtiment 362F-91405Orsay CedexFrance Cypresvej 1 BranderslevDK-9700Denmark Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China

Many animals mimic the behavior or the appearance of venomous *** humans or other potential predators place their hand near the nest of tits belonging to the family Paridae(and a few other species),the incubating female performs a hissing display that mimics the inhalation hiss of a viper or another *** hiss vigorously while lunging their head forward and shaking their wings and tail,repeating this behavior several *** structure of the hiss in tits is similar to that of the inhalation hiss of a snake,providing evidence of significant convergence of the mimic toward the *** behavior of individual females is repeatable among tri *** that flew away from their nest box only performed the hissing display on 6%of later trials,when present at their box,whereas individuals that did not fly away hissed on 28% of occasions,consistent with great tits Parus major either cautiously flying away or staying put on their nest while actively defending *** that flew away produced fewer chicks than individuals that stayed and *** hissing display was more common when snakes were more abundant:1)when breeding late during the season;2)when breeding at sites with more snakes;and 3)when breeding in subtropical and tropical China with a higher abundance of snakes than in Denmark with a lower *** frequency of nest predation was higher in sites with no snakes,and the frequency of predation increased with decreasing frequency of hissing *** findings are consistent with expectations for frequency-dependent selection acting on snake mimicry.

关键词： Batesian mimicry frequency-dependent selection hissing display personaliy tits

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Geometry deviation effects of railway catenaries on pantograph– catenary interaction: a case study in Norwegian Railway System

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Railway Engineering Science 2021年第4期29卷 350-361页

作者： Yang Song Tengjiao Jiang Petter Navik anders Rønnquist Department of Structural Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology7491 TrondheimNorway

This paper presents a non-contact measurement of the realistic catenary geometry deviation in the Norwegian railway network through a laser *** random geometry deviation is included in the catenary model to investigate its effect on the pantograph–catenary *** dispersion of the longitudinal deviation is assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution.A power spectrum density represents the vertical deviation in the contact *** on the Monte Carlo method,several geometry deviation samples are generated and included in the catenary model.A lumped mass pantograph with flexible collectors is employed to reproduce the high-frequency *** stochastic analysis results indicate that the catenary geometry deviation causes a significant dispersion of the pantograph–catenary interaction *** contact force standard deviations measured by the inspection vehicle are within the scope of the simulation results.A critical cut-off frequency that covers 1/16 of the dropper interval is suggested to fully describe the effect of the catenary geometry deviation on the contact *** statistical minimum contact force is recommended to be modified according to the tolerant contact loss rate at high *** unpleasant interaction performance of the pantograph–catenary can be expected at the catenary top speed when the random catenary geometry deviation is included.

关键词： Railway Pantograph Catenary Geometry deviation Non-contact measurement Contact force

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Spatial variation in egg polymorphism among cuckoo hosts across 4 continents

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Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 477-483页

作者： Canchao Yang Xingfeng Si wei Liang anders Pape Moller Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Plant and Animal Ecology College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Shanghai 202162China Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversite Paris-SaclayF-91405 Orsay CedexFrance

Although egg color polymorphism has evolved as an effective defensive adaptation to brood parasitism,spatial variations in egg color polymorphism remain poorly ***,we investigated egg polymorphism in 647 host species(68 families and 231 gen era)parasitized by 41 species of Old word cuckoos(1 family and 11 gen era)across Asia,Europe,Africa,and *** diversity of parasitic cuckoos differs among continents,reflecting the continent-specific intensities of parasitic selection pressure on ***,host egg polymorphism is expected to evolve more frequently on continents with higher cuckoo *** identified egg polymorphism in 24.1%of all host species and 47.6%of all host *** common cuckoo Cuculus canorus utilized 184 hosts(28.4%of all host species).Hosts of the common cuckoo and of Chrysococcyx species were more likely to have polymorphic eggs than hosts parasitized by other *** the number of host species and the host families targeted by the cuckoo species were positively correlated with the frequency of host egg *** host species and most hosts exhibiting egg color polymorphism were located in Asia and *** egg polymorphism was observed less frequently in Australia and *** results also suggested that egg polymorphism tends to occur more frequently in hosts that are utilized by several cuckoo species or by generalist cuckoo *** suggest that selecti on pressure on hosts from a given contin ent in creases proportionally to the number of cuckoo species,and that this selection pressure may,in turn,favor the evolution of host egg polymorphism.

关键词： avian brood parasitism cuckoo diversity cuckoo host

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PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression correlated genes in non-small-cell lung cancer

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Cancer Communications 2019年第1期39卷 279-292页

作者： Trine Vilsbøll Larsen Dianna Hussmann anders Lade Nielsen Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University8000 Aarhus CDenmark

Background:Programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1)and ligand-2(PD-L2)interaction with programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)represent an immune-inhibiting checkpoint mediating immune evasion and is,accordingly,an important target for blockade-based immunotherapy in *** non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC),improved understanding of PD-1 checkpoint blockade-responsive biology and identification of biomarkers for prediction of a clinical response to immunotherapy is ***,in the present study,we systematically described PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression correlated genes in ***:we performed comparative retrospective analyses to identify PD-L1 and PD-L2 mRNA expression corre-lated genes in *** this,we examined available datasets from the cancer cell line encyclopedia(CCLE)project lung non-small-cell(Lung_NSC)and the cancer genome atlas(TCGA)projects lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)and squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC).Results:Analysis of the CCLE dataset Lung_NSC identified expression correlation between PD-L1 and ***-ver,we identified expression correlation between 489 genes and PD-L1,191 genes and PD-L2,and 111 genes for ***-L1 and PD-L2 also expression correlated in TCGA datasets LUAD and *** LUAD,we identified expression corre-lation between 257 genes and PD-L1,914 genes and PD-L2,and 211 genes for *** LUSC,we identified expression correlation between 26 genes and PD-L1,326 genes and PD-L2,and 13 genes for *** a few genes expression correlated with PD-L1 and PD-L2 across the CCLE and TCGA *** of Interferon signaling-involved genes converged in particular with the expression correlated genes for PD-L1 in Lung_NSC,for PD-L2 in LUSC,and for both PD-L1 and PD-L2 in *** LUSC,PD-L1,and to a lesser extent PD-L2,expression correlated with chromosome 9p24 localized genes,indicating a chromosome 9p24 topologically associated domain as an important driver of in particu-lar LUSC PD-L1 *** correlation analyses

关键词： Non-small-cell lung cancer Biomarker Immunotherapy Immune checkpoints Interferon Chr9p24 PD-L1 PD-1 PD-L2

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Russet Sparrows spot alien chicks from their nests

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Avian Research 2018年第2期9卷 150-156页

作者： Juan Huo Canchao Yang Tongping Su wei Liang anders Pape Moller Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life Sciences Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China College of Forestry Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris-Sud CNRS Agro Paris Tech Universite Paris Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France

Background： In coevolutionary interactions between brood parasites and their hosts, host parents are under strong selection to evolve defenses against parasitism. Egg rejection is an efficient and common defense against parasitism, although some apparently suitable hosts do not reject cuckoo ***： Sparrows Ploceidae are widespread throughout the Old world, and they have a suitable diet for rearing cuckoos, but still they are rarely exploited by brood parasites. To solve such puzzle, we conducted artificial parasitism and cross-fostering experiments in Russet Sparrow （Posset cinnomomeus）.Results： The present study showed that Russet Sparrows have no egg recognition ability, but recognize their own nestlings and eject alien chicks or starve them to death. They may use visual cues in chick recognition, although they accept sister species Tree Sparrow （Posset montonus）.Conclusions： By rejecting nestlings of foreign species, Russet Sparrows have succeeded to escape from the brood parasitism by cuckoos and other parasites. Our studies shed light on the puzzle why some species are not utilized by cuckoo parasites as hosts,

关键词： Chick recognition Coevolution Cross-fostering Egg recognition Posset cinnamomeus

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Density Functional Theory and Tight Binding-Based Dynamical Studies of Carbon Metal Systems of Relevance to Carbon Nanotube Growth

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Nano Research 2009年第10期2卷 774-782页

作者： Kim Bolton anders Börjesson wuming Zhu Hakim Amara Christophe Bichara School of Engineering University of BoråsSE-50190BoråsSweden Department of Physics Gothenburg UniversitySE-41296GothenburgSweden LEM ONERA/CNRS29 Avenue de la Division LeclercF92322 ChatillonFrance CINaM CNRS13288 MarseilleFrance

Density functional theory(DFT)and tight binding(TB)models have been used to study systems containing single-walled carbon nanotubes(SwNTs)and metal clusters that are of relevance to SwNT growth and *** particular,TB-based Monte Carlo(TBMC)simulations at 1000 or 1500 K show that Ni atoms that are initially on the surface of the SwNT or that are clustered near the SwNT end diffuse to the nanotube end so that virtually none of the Ni atoms are located inside the *** occurs,in part,due to the lowering of the Ni atom energies when they retract from the SwNT to the interior of the *** of the atoms at the SwNT end does not change the chirality within the simulation time,which supports the application of SwNT regrowth(seeded growth)as a potential route for chirality-controlled SwNT ***-based geometry optimisation and direct dynamics at 2000 K show that Cr and Mo atoms in Cr5Co50 and Mo5Co50 clusters prefer to be distributed in the interior of the *** of these calculations should deepen our understanding of the role of the various alloy components in SwNT growth.

关键词： Carbon nanotube growth metal alloy clusters tight binding Monte Carlo direct dynamics

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Organizational Changes Needed in Disasters and Public Health Emergencies:A Qualitative Study among Managers at a Major Hospital

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第4期13卷 481-494页

作者： Ingela wennman Catharina Jacobson Eric Carlström anders Hyltander Amir Khorram‑Manesh Institute of Health and Care Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyGothenburg University41346GothenburgSweden Preparedness Unit Sahlgrenska University Hospital41305 GothenburgSweden Institute of Clinical Sciences Department of SurgerySahlgrenska AcademyGothenburg University41345GothenburgSweden

Most hospitals have a contingency plan,based on all-risks and all-hazards assessment ***,emerging threats and risks often necessitate a flexible approach to emergency management at several levels of a disaster response system,for example,in ***,and possibly other countries,has limited possibilities of surge capacity in the management of large-scale disasters and emergencies,which necessitates a local/national partnership and a flexible local disaster and contingency *** study evaluates the opinions of a selected managerial group,both at operative and strategic levels,regarding possible changes in a major hospital's contingency plan during the ongoing COVID-19 *** interviews were conducted to explore the elements of surge capacity and an operational tool,consisting of command and control,safety,communication,assessment,triage,treatment,and *** results show a need to create feasible management methods that can be evaluated,establish clear leadership,put preparedness as a constant point on the highest managerial agenda,improve external monitoring,and create a regional coordinating ***,the results emphasize the significant role played by the incident command system and qualified leadership to facilitate competent and crucial medical decision making,as well as to provide reliable communication,collaboration,and coordination in a multi-agency response system during dynamic and unexpected *** steps enable a constant connection between reactive contingency plans and the proactivity in continuous risk assessment and enhance the flexibility of the contingency plans.

关键词： Disaster risks Organizational changes Public health emergencies Sweden

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Highly efficient vanadium redox flow batteries enabled by a trilayer polybenzimidazole membrane assembly

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Carbon Energy 2024年第7期6卷 191-204页

作者： Trung Tuyen Bui Mingyu Shin Mohammad Rahimi anders Bentien Yongchai Kwon Dirk Henkensmeier Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)SeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Seoul National University of Science and TechnologySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark KIST School Division of Energy and Environment TechnologyUniversity of Science and TechnologySeoulRepublic of Korea Graduate School of Energy and Environment Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

A novel polybenzimidazole(PBI)-based trilayer membrane assembly is developed for application in vanadium redox flow battery(VRFB).The membrane comprises a 1μm thin cross-linked poly[2,2′-(p-oxydiphenylene)−5,5′-bibenzimidazole](OPBI)sandwiched between two 20μm thick porous OPBI membranes(p-OPBI)without further lamination *** trilayer membrane demonstrates exceptional properties,such as high conductivity and low area-specific resistance(ASR)of 51 mS cm^(−1) and 81mΩ cm^(2),*** with vanadium electrolyte increases the ASR of trilayer membrane only to 158mΩ cm^(2),while that of Nafion is 193mΩ cm^(2).VO^(2+) permeability is 2.73×10^(-9) cm^(2) min^(−1),about 150 times lower than that of Nafion *** addition,the membrane has high mechanical strength and high chemical stability against VO^(2+).In VRFB,the combination of low resistance and low vanadium permeability results in excellent performance,revealing high Coulombic efficiency(>99%),high energy efficiency(EE;90.8% at current density of 80mA cm^(−2)),and long-term *** EE is one of the best reported to date.

关键词： polybenzimidazole porous membrane proton conductivity trilayer VRFBs

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Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity and ecosystem services in protected and non-protected oak forest areas can inform climate smart conservation

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第4期5卷 647-659页

作者： anders Forsman Johanna Sunde Romana Salis Markus Franzen Department of Biology and Environmental Science Linnaeus UniversitySE-39182KalmarSweden Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology(IFM)Linköing UniversitySE-58183LinköingSweden

Adaptive governance of areas set aside for future protection of biodiversity,sustainable production,and recreation requires knowledge about whether and how effects of area protection are modulated by climate change and redistribution of *** investigate this,we compare biodiversity of plants(assessed using vegetation plots)and arthropods(collected with Malaise traps,analyzed using metabarcoding)and productivity(tree growth,determined using dendrochronology)in protected and non-protected oak(Quercus spp.)forests along a latitudinal gradient(55.6°N–60.8°N)in *** also compare historical,recent and projected future climate in the *** contrast to established global latitudinal diversity gradients,species richness of plants and arthropods increased northwards,possibly reflecting recent climate-induced community redistributions,but neither was higher in protected than in non-protected areas,nor associated with contemporary ground *** composition of arthropods also did not differ between protected and non-protected *** biomass increased with latitude,suggesting that the magnitude of cascading effects mediated via their roles as pollinators,herbivores,and prey for other trophic levels,varies geographically and will change with a moving *** growth rate of oaks(an ecosystem service in the form of biomass increase and carbon sequestration)was independent of latitude and did not differ between protected and non-protected *** findings question the efficacy of contemporary designation and management of protected oak forests,and emphasize that development and implementation of modified climate smart conservation strategies is needed to safeguard ecosystem functioning,biodiversity,and recreational values of protected forest areas against future challenges.

关键词： Biological diversity Conservation biology Decision making Forest ecosystems Global warming Species-richness gradients

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Extra-pair paternity and antiparasitic defence

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Avian Research 2020年第4期11卷 391-397页

作者： anders Pape Møller Jørgen Skavdal Søraker Juan JoséSoler Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Ecologie Systématique et Evolution UniversitéParis-SaclayCNRSAgroParisTech91405 OrsayFrance Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyHøgskoleringen 5No-7491TrondheimNorway Depto.Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva Estación Experimental de ZonasÁridasCtra.Sacramento S/NLa Cañada de San Urbano04120 AlmeríaSpain

Background:Extra-pair paternity(EPP)in birds provides benefits in terms of more offspring,and characteristics for maintenance of this behaviour have been the subject of *** are known to be transmitted during mating,especially when mating with multiple partners,and factors reducing this cost of multiple mating are ***,plumage brightness and colour intensity have been shown to be important traits to benefits from multiple mating as predicted by sexual *** aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the rate of extra-pair paternity and the relative size of the uropygial gland at the interspecific level,as the uropygial gland is an exocrine gland hypothesized to produce antiparasitic substances and further identified to affect plumage *** of the expected benefits of large uropygial gland in scenarios of sexual selection,we predicted a positive correlation with ***:we collected information from the literature of uropygial gland size and frequency of extra-pair paternity of 60 avian species of different families and explored the predicted positive correlation between *** did so with means of comparative analyses that considered phylogenetic relationship as random factor and included body mass as *** used Markov chain Monte Carlo generalized linear mixed models that were weighted by number of nests used to estimate extra-pair ***:we detected a positive relationship between level of extra-pair paternity and uropygial gland size at an interspecific *** finding is consistent with the ***:we discuss the importance of this result in scenarios of sexual selection and argue that the detected relationship may have arisen by utilizing antiparasitic secretions through secondary sexual characters indicating parasite resistance.

关键词： Antiparasitic defence Costs of extra-pair paternity Microorganisms Uropygial gland Uropygial secretions

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