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Avian preference for close proximity to human habitation and its ecological consequences

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 623-630页

作者： anders Pape MOLLER Mario DiAZ Ecologie Systematique Evolution CNRS Universite Paris-Sud AgroParisTech Universite Pari-Saclay 0rsay Cedex F-91400 France Department of Biogeography and Global Change (BGC-MNCN-CSIC) National Museum of Natural Sciences CSIC c/Serrano 155bis Madrid E-28006 Spain

Human proximity often have negative consequences for wildlife. However, animals may also benefit from human proximity in terms of availability of resources and protection against predators and parasites. we recorded the distance between all birds detected during the breeding season along 18 5-kin transects and the nearest inhabited house in three areas of 50 km2 in Spain, France, and Denmark. More than three quarters of birds were located closer than 100 m to the nearest house, while the null expectation was less than a third. Mean distance for species was correlated with degree of bird urbanization and with flight initiation distance. Habitat specialist species with small breeding territories tended to live closer to houses. Birds from species having more broods per year, larger annual fecundity and lower nest predation rate lived closer to human habitation. Breeding range size, population density, and continental breeding population sizes were larger for species living closer to human habitation. Most relationships between distance to houses and bird traits had a strong phylogenetic signal, but most additive trait effects remained after phylogenetic correction. Proximity to human habitation was a main driver of the distribution of birds, with most individuals and species tightly linked to inhabited houses. Living close to human habitation was associated with success in the colonization of urban habitats and with consistent changes in distribution, abundance, behavior, and life history. Replicated measurements of the spatial and tempo- ral variation in these distributions may be useful for monitoring and analyzing the ongoing process of organisms＇ urbanization.

关键词： birds distance to nearest house flight initiation distance humans refuge urbanization.

An Analytical Method for Calculating P-SV Acoustical Field Excited by a Piezoelectric Strip with Finite width and Thickness

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Chinese Physics Letters 2005年第11期22卷 2869-2872页

作者：张碧星汪承灏 anders Bostroem Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 Department of Applied Mechanics Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Goeteborg Sweden

A piezoelectric strip with finite width and thickness is placed on top of an isotropic elastic half-space. Acoustical field can be excited when a voltage is across the piezoelectric strip. An analytical method is presented to calculate the acoustical field by the dynamics characteristics of the piezoelectric strip. Considering the piezoelectric strip as an anisotropic material of the 6 mm-type crystal system, we study the two-dimensional P-SV acoustical fields inside the piezoelectric strip and the isotropic half-space. The displacement and stress distributions are analysed thoroughly. The effects of the width and thickness of the piezoelectric strip and other parameters on the acoustical field are also analysed.

关键词： An Analytical Method for Calculating P-SV Acoustical Field Excited by a Piezoelectric Strip with Finite

Function of the uropygial gland in eiders (Somateria mollissima)

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Avian Research 2019年第3期10卷 330-335页

作者： anders Pape Moller Karsten Laursen Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875China Ecologie Systématique Evolution Université Paris-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversité Paris-Saclay91405 Orsay CedexFrance Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityGrenavej 14Kalo 8410 RandeDenmark

Background:The uropygial gland is an exocrine gland located above the tail of birds that produces a diverse range of *** has been hypothesized to be involved in chemical protection,water-proofing and maintenance of plumage *** these not necessarily mutually exclusive functions have received some empirical support,there has been little empirical research on the function of ***:Here we analyzed data for 229 individual eiders(Somateria mollissima)collected by Danish hunters during ***:The Eider is a sea-duck that spends almost its entire life in sea water emphasizing water-proofing of the *** size of the uropygial gland increased with body mass in males,but not in females,and it increased with *** size of the uropygial gland decreased during winter. Eiders with small uropygial glands grew their feathers at a fast *** with large wing areas had large uropygial glands. Conclusions:These findings are consistent with large uropygial glands playing a role in water-proofing during molt and foraging, but also that uropygial glands may play a role in chemical defense.

关键词： Anti-microbial substance Eider Somateria mollissima Uropygial gland water-proofing

Androgen deprivation therapy and side effects:are GnRH antagonists safer?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第1期23卷 3-10页

作者： Stephen J Freedland Per-anders Abrahamsson Division of Urology Department of SurgeryCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048USA Section of Urology Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNC 27705USA Department of Urology SkSne University HospitalLund UniversityMalmo 20502Sweden.

Androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)with gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonists and antagonists is the mainstay of advanced prostate cancer *** drug classes decrease levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormones(FSH),thereby lowering testosterone to castrate *** is associated with adverse events(AEs),including cardiovascular(CV)disorders,bone fractures,metabolic dysfunction,and impaired cognitive *** literature review discusses these AEs,with a focus on CV and bone-related events.A hypothesis-generating meta-analysis of six clinical trials showed a potentially increased risk for CV disorders with GnRH agonists versus the GnRH antagonist *** no study has directly compared GnRH agonists versus antagonists with a primary CV outcome,one hypothesis for this observation is that GnRH agonists lead to initial surges in FSH that may negatively impact CV health,whereas antagonists do *** agonists are associated with metabolic and cognitive AEs and while data are lacking for GnRH antagonists,no differences in risk are *** common AEs with ADT include injection site reactions,which are much more common with degarelix than with GnRH agonists,which may reflect differing administration and injection *** studies are needed to further evaluate and compare the safety profiles of GnRH agonists and antagonists,especially in patients with pre-existing CV disease and other *** should carefully evaluate benefits and risks when prescribing ADT and ensure that side effects are well managed.

关键词： androgen antagonists metabolic syndrome prostate cancer safety

The effects of temperature and resource availability on denitrification and relative N_(2)O production in boreal lake sediments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第9期28卷 82-90页

作者： Maria Myrstener anders Jonsson Ann-Kristin Bergstrom Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umea University90187 UmeaSweden

Anthropogenic environmental stressors（like atmospheric deposition,land use change,and climate warming） are predicted to increase inorganic nitrogen and organic carbon loading to northern boreal lakes,with potential consequences for denitrification in ***,our ability to predict effects of these changes is currently limited as northern boreal lakes have been largely neglected in denitrification *** aim of this study was therefore to assess how maximum potential denitrification and N_2O production rates,and the relationship between the two（relative N_2O production）,is controlled by availability of nitrate（NO_3^-）,carbon（C）,phosphorus（P）,and *** were performed using the acetylene inhibition technique on sediments from a small,nutrient poor boreal lake in northern Sweden in *** potential denitrification and N_2O production rates at 4°C were reached already at NO_3^-additions of 106–120 μg NO_3^-–N/L,and remained unchanged with higher NO_3 *** incubation temperatures increased maximum potential denitrification and N_2O production rates,and Q10 was somewhat higher for N_2O production（1.77） than for denitrification（1.69）.The relative N_2O production ranged between 13% and 64%,and was not related to NO_3^-concentration,but the ratio increased when incubations were amended with C and P（from a median of 16% to 27%）.Combined,our results suggests that unproductive northern boreal lakes currently have low potential for denitrification but are susceptible to small changes in NO_3 loading especially if these are accompanied by enhanced C and P availability,likely promoting higher N_2O production relative to N_2.

关键词： Acetylene NO3 Carbon DOC Nitrous oxide ratio Sediment

Exponential Set-Point Stabilization of Underactuated Vehicles Moving in Three-Dimensional Space

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第2期9卷 270-282页

作者： Xiaodong He Zhiyong Sun Zhiyong Geng anders Robertsson State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Department of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China IEEE Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology(TU/e)5600 MB Eindhoventhe Netherlands Department of Automatic Control LTHLund University22100 LundSweden

This paper investigates the stabilization of underactuated vehicles moving in a three-dimensional vector *** vehicle’s model is established on the matrix Lie group SE(3),which describes the configuration of rigid bodies globally and *** focus on the kinematic model of the underactuated vehicle,which features an underactuation form that has no sway and heave *** compensate for the lack of these two velocities,we construct additional rotation matrices to generate a motion of rotation coupled with ***,the state feedback is designed with the help of the logarithmic map,and we prove that the proposed control law can exponentially stabilize the underactuated vehicle to the identity group element with an almost global domain of ***,the presented control strategy is extended to set-point stabilization in the sense that the underactuated vehicle can be stabilized to an arbitrary desired configuration specified in ***,simulation examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the stabilization controller.

关键词： Exponential stabilization logarithmic feedback matrix Lie group underactuated vehicle

Fashion and out of fashion:appearance and disappearance of a novel nest building innovation

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Avian Research 2017年第2期8卷 71-75页

作者： anders P.Møller Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris‑SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversite Paris‑Saclay91405 Orsay CedexFrance

Background:Nests are composed of and built with different materials that are handled in specific ways. These mate?rials must initially have been used de novo before commonly being incorporated into nests. Plastic and plastic bags were invented in the 1950s, and they are widely distributed in the environment. Birds started picking up plastic from plastic used to cover farm produce such as silage, potatoes, beets and other crops for use in their nests in the ***:I recorded the frequency of such plastic use by the Blackbird(Turdus merula) in nests in Denmark, starting in 1966, followed by a peak in use in the 1970s and a subsequent ***:Nests with plastic were initially built earlier in the season than those without plastic, indicating an associa?tion between innovation and early reproduction. Plastic use was subsequently selected against because nests with plastic suffered from higher rates of predation than nests without plastic, probably because nests with plastic were easier to locate. However, the elevated risk of nest predation only applied to outdoor nests, but not to nests inside buildings, probably because visually searching nest predators such as corvids do not enter ***:These findings show that the dynamics of nest material use depend on the benefits of innovation and the fitness costs of nest predation.

关键词： Fashion Indoor breeding Innovation Nest predation Turdus merula

CO_2 Capture technologies: Current status and new directions using supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) absorbers

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1648-1656页

作者： KOLDING Helene FEHrmanN Rasmus RIISAGER anders Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry Department of Chemistry Building 207 Technical University of Denmark2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark

Current state-of-the-art techniques for COz capture are presented and discussed, Post-combustion capture of CO2 by absorption is the technology most easily retrofitted to existing installations, but at present this is not economically viable to install and run. Using ionic liquids instead of aqueous amine solutions overcomes the major thermodynamic issues. By applying SILP tech- nology further advances, in terms of ease of handling and sorption dynamics, are obtained. Initial experimental studies showed that ionic liquids such as tetrahexylammonium prolinate, [N6666][Pro], provide a good candidate for CO2 absorption using SILP technology. Thus a solid SILP absorber comprised of 40 wt% [N6666][Pro] loaded on precalcined silica quantitatively takes up about 1.2 mole CO2 per mole of ionic liquid in consecutive absorption-desorption cycles in a flow-experiment per- formed with 0.09 bar of CO2 （9% CO2 in He）.

关键词： CO2 capture absorption ionic liquids SILP absorber

Phenotype manipulation influences microhabitat choice in pygmy grasshoppers

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 392-400页

作者： Lena wENNERSTEN Einat KARPESTAM anders FORSMAN School of Natural Sciences Linnaeus University SE-391 82 Kalmar Sweden

The matching habitat choice hypothesis posits that individuals actively choose those microhabitats that best match their specific phenotype to maximize fitness. Despite the profound implications, matching habitat choice has not been unequivo- cally demonstrated. we conducted two experiments to examine the impact of pigmentation pattern in the color polymorphic pygmy grasshopper Tetrix subulata on habitat choice in a laboratory thermal mosaic arena. we found no behavioral differences in the thermal mosaic among pygmy grasshoppers belonging to either pale, intermediate or dark natural color morphs. However, af- ter manipulating the grasshoppers＇ phenotype, the utilization through time of warmer and colder parts of the arena was different for black-painted and white-painted individuals. white-painted individuals used warmer parts of the arena, at least during the ini- tial stage of the experiment. we conclude that microhabitat choice represents a form of behavioural plasticity. Thus, even if the choice itself is flexible and not genetically determined, it can still lead to spatial genetic structure in the population because the phenotypes themselves may be genetically mediated [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 392--400, 2012].

关键词： Behavioral plasticity Color polymorphism Integrated phenotypes Microhabitat use Tetrix Thermoregulation