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Evolution of wheat architecture,physiology,and metabolism during domestication and further cultivation:Lessons for crop improvement

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The Crop Journal 2023年第4期11卷 1080-1096页

作者： Arturs Katamadze Omar Vergara-díaz Estefanía Uberegui ander Yoldi-Achalandabaso José Luis Araus Rubén Vicente Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaP-2780 OeirasPortugal Genetics and Genomics of Plant Complex Traits Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaP-2780 OeirasPortugal FisioClimaCO_(2) Group Department of Plant Biology and EcologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque CountryE-48940 LeioaSpain Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group Section of Plant PhysiologyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaE-08028 Barcelona&AGROTECNIO-CERCA CenterE-25198 LleidaSpain

In recent decades,genetic advances in yield improvement in the major cereal crops,including wheat,has stagnated or proceeded at a slower rate than is required to meet future global food demand,particularly in the face of climate *** reverse this situation,and in view of the future climate scenario,there is a need to increase the genetic diversity of wheat to increase its productivity,quality,stability,and adaptation to local *** abundant genetic resources and literature are a basis for wheat ***,many species,such as wild relatives,landraces,and old cultivars have not been studied beyond their agronomic characteristics,highlighting the lack of understanding of the physiological and metabolic processes(and their integration) associated with higher productivity and resilience in limiting *** studies using wheat ancestors and modern cultivars may identify novel traits that have not previously been considered,or have been underestimated,during domestication and breeding,but that may contribute to future food *** review describes existing wheat genetic diversity and changes that occurred during domestication and breeding,and considers whether mining natural variation among wheat ancestors offers an opportunity to enhance wheat agronomic performance,spike architecture,canopy-and organ-level photosynthetic capacity,and responses to abiotic stress,as well as to develop new wheat hybrids.

关键词： Breeding Landraces Photosynthesis Wild relatives Yield

Influence of the operating temperature on the ageing and interfaces of double layer polymer electrolyte solid state Li metal batteries

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Nano Research 2023年第6期16卷 8377-8384页

作者： Mikel Arrese-Igor María Martinez-Ibañez ander Orue Ekaterina Pavlenko Erwan dumont Michel Armand Frédéric Aguesse Pedro López Aranguren Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies(CIC energiGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)Alava Technology ParkAlbert Einstein 48Vitoria-Gasteiz 01510Spain University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU) Barrio Sarrienas/nLeioa 48940Spain Saft 111 Boulevard Alfred DaneyBordeaux Cedex 33074France

Solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs)are considered an auspicious technology to develop high energy density and safe energy storage *** double layer polymer electrolyte(dLPE)is a rational approach for engineering high-performance SSLMBs addressing electrolyte requirements with specifically designed polymers at the positive electrode and as *** this work,SSLMBs were assembled with poly(propylene carbonate)(PPC),offering stability toward oxidation at the positive electrode,and a gel polymer electrolyte with polyethyleneglycol dimethylether(PEGdME)as separator,offering high ionic conductivity at low temperature and sufficient interfacial stability with Li *** electrochemical properties and performance of cells with LiFePO_(4) and Li[Ni_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)]O_(2) positive electrodes are thoroughly investigated as function of the operating temperature by using a host of characterization ***-voltage cells with an areal capacity of 0.7 mAh·cm^(−2)cycled at 40℃ exhibit a higher capacity retention than the cells cycled at 70℃.To understand such differences,a three-electrode setup is applied to discriminate anodic processes from cathodic as function of the *** elucidate the ageing and interfacial evolution for dLPE cells with gel polymer electrolytes paving the way for building performance solid state batteries.

关键词： double layer polymer electrolyte solid-state lithium metal battery gel polymer electrolyte high voltage interfacial study

大斜度侵入地层及任意三维几何模型中多阵列感应测井仪的响应

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测井科技 1997年第4期 28-33页

作者： ander.,B 马明学

斜井解释中所需的全三维（３Ｄ）问题可用模拟技术加以解决。已开发出一种三维模拟程序用于改善阵列感应测井仪的响应解释。该程序利用谱Ｌａｎｃｚｏｓ分解法解交错差分网上的Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ方程组。它不仅考虑到了倾斜地层和非对称侵... 详细信息

斜井解释中所需的全三维（３Ｄ）问题可用模拟技术加以解决。已开发出一种三维模拟程序用于改善阵列感应测井仪的响应解释。该程序利用谱Ｌａｎｃｚｏｓ分解法解交错差分网上的Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ方程组。它不仅考虑到了倾斜地层和非对称侵入情况，还考虑到了地层电阻率的各向异性问题。有限差分解与三维几何模型的子集解析结果相比较，二者的差别小于３％。已经用该程序对几口水平井的解释问题进行了探讨。

关键词：油井斜井三维模型阵列感应测井仪响应

口服类鸦片受体拮抗剂纳曲酮治疗133例瘙痒患者的开放、非安慰剂对照研究(德语)

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第5期1卷 32-32页

作者： Brune A. Metze d. Luger T.A. Stnder ander S. S.S■Klin.Poliklin. F 罗素菊冯义国 dr.Hautkrank heiten Univ. Klin. Münster Von-Esmarch-Stra.e 58 48149 Münster Austria

Background and *** perception of pruritus is modified by endogenous and exogenous opioids via central opiate receptors and can be suppressed with o pioid receptor antagonists. The aim of this investigation was to describe the ef ficacy and safety of naltrexone, an orally active opiate antagonist, in the trea tment of severe, otherwise intractable pruritus of varying origins. Patients. A total of 133 patients with pruritus caused by inflammatory skin diseases (asteat otic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, prurigo, and psoriasis vulgaris), liver-and renal diseases, cutaneous lymphoma, as well as with pruritus of unknown origin were treated with naltrexone (Nemexin.)50 to 150 mg daily. Results. A therapeuti c response was achieved in 86 of the 133 (64.6%) patients. Naltrexone was most effective in prurigo nodularis, cutaneous lymphoma and pruritus of unknown origi n. Tachyphylaxis occurred in 13%of the patients, but appeared late, and could b e counterbalanced by raising the dosage. Adverse drug effects were restricted to the first two weeks of treatment and included mainly neurological (dizziness, h eadache, fatigue) and gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) symptoms. Co nclusions. The oral opiate antagonists may well be an effective, well-tolerated therapy for intractable pruritus in many diseases.

关键词：纳曲酮类鸦片受体瘙痒患者拮抗剂安慰剂对照皮脂缺乏性皮炎皮肤淋巴瘤痒疹特应性皮炎寻常型银屑病

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氮养料和干酒糟对奶牛氮利用率的影响

饲料博览 2011年第10期21卷 20-20页

作者： Greenquist M A Schwarz A K Klopfenstein T J Schacht W H Erickson G E V ander Pol K J Luebbe M K Brink K R Baleseng L B 张树金不详

试验选择135头330±10kg杂交阉牛,采用完全随机区组化设计,旨在评估给在无芒雀麦牧草地放牧的1岁阉牛饲喂含玉米酒精糟(ddGS)替代饲草和氮养料对阉牛氮利用率的影响。分为3个处理组,阉牛按每公顷牧草地6.8头月单位(AUM)在不施氮肥的无... 详细信息

试验选择135头330±10kg杂交阉牛,采用完全随机区组化设计,旨在评估给在无芒雀麦牧草地放牧的1岁阉牛饲喂含玉米酒精糟(ddGS)替代饲草和氮养料对阉牛氮利用率的影响。分为3个处理组,阉牛按每公顷牧草地6.8头月单位(AUM)在不施氮肥的无芒雀麦牧草地放牧(CONT组);9.9AUM在每公顷施90kg氮的无芒雀麦牧草地放牧(FERT组);9.9AUM在不施氮肥的无芒雀麦牧草地放牧,每头阉牛每天添加ddGS2.3k(gSUPP组)。以围场作试验单元,每年每个处理3个重复,共3年。在160d放牧期中,围场实行条状放牧,采用减添牛的方法来维持围场之间相似的放牧强度。试验结果表明,阉牛采食较少的饲草(PddGS提高了1岁阉牛的氮采食量和氮排泄量。不过,由于体增重的提高和牧草地载畜量的增加,ddGS可作为无芒雀麦放牧制度提高氮利用率的有效方法。

关键词：肉用牛玉米酒精糟氮养料氮利用率

儿科日间手术中超重（或肥胖症）与胃液特性的关系：在禁食指南和误吸风险评估方面的意义

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麻醉与镇痛 2010年第6期6卷 38-49页

作者： Scott d. Cook-Sather Paul R. Gallagher Lydia E. Kruge Jonathan M. Beus Brian P. Ciampa Kevin Conor Welch Sina Shah-Hosseini Jieun S. Choi Reshma Pachikara Kim Minger Ronald S. Litman Mark S. Schreiner 周洁(译) 李士通(校) departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Nursing The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania 不详

背景超重或肥胖的日间手术儿科患者手术前2小时禁水的安全性尚未得到证实。健康的儿童和肥胖的成人在手术前禁水2小时后残留胃液量（GFVs）并不多，因此认为误吸风险并不高。因此我们将测算日间手术患者中超重症或肥胖症的患病率，并假... 详细信息

背景超重或肥胖的日间手术儿科患者手术前2小时禁水的安全性尚未得到证实。健康的儿童和肥胖的成人在手术前禁水2小时后残留胃液量（GFVs）并不多，因此认为误吸风险并不高。因此我们将测算日间手术患者中超重症或肥胖症的患病率，并假设不管是体重指数还是禁食时间均不会对GFV或胃液pH值产生显著的影响。所有受试儿童均于手术前禁清水2小时，并假设超重或肥胖患儿的GFV不会多于偏瘦或正常体重患儿，而呕吐或误吸的风险也很低。方法本研究中连续纳入了1000例2－12岁行日间手术的患儿，记录人口统计学资料、病史、身高和体重。另外纳入1000例需全麻插管的日间手术患儿（2。12岁）进行研究。气管插管后，经口插入一根14—18F的胃管，抽空胃内容物。用药情况、禁食时间、GFV、pH值和呕吐事件均被详细记录。采用疾病预防及控制中心的生长图表（2000）评定理想体重（IBW=第50个百分位数），并对患儿进行分层：偏瘦或正常体重（BMI在第25—75个百分位数）、超重（第95个百分位数〈BMI≥第85个百分位数）、肥胖（BMI≥第95个百分位数）。结果在所有的日间手术患儿中有14％属于超重，13．3％属于肥胖。肥胖儿按公斤体重算出的GFV较低（P〈0．001）。当我们用IBW进行校正后，所有BMI组中GFV（mw校正后）的容量都相等（均值为0．96ml／kg，Sd为0．71；中位数为0．86ml／kg，IQR为0．96）。手术前使用对乙酰氨基酚和咪达唑仑均导致GFV（1BW校正后）增加（P=0．025和P=0．001）。而ASA11I级（P=0．024）、男性（P=0．012）、胃食管反流性疾病（P=0．049）和使用质子泵抑制剂（P=0．018）患儿的GFV（mw校正后）较低。GFV（IBw校正后）与禁食时间和年龄无关。胃液酸度较低与年龄较小（P=0．005）、BMI较高（P=0．036）和美国非洲裔（P=0．033）患儿等因素相关。有8例患儿在全麻诱导时发生了呕吐（其中50％有肥胖症，P=0．052，75％患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停症，P=0．061）。呕吐与ASA分级较高有关，但却与禁食时间的长短无关。研究中没有出现误吸事件。结论27％的儿科日闻手术患儿属超重或肥胖儿童。无论进食时间长短或BMI如何，GFV（IBw校正后）均为1ml／kg，因此这些患儿均可以在手术前2小时饮清水。在此研究群体中，罕见的呕吐事件与禁食时间的缩短并无相关性。

关键词：禁食时间儿科患者风险评估肥胖症超重症胃液量误吸阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停症