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Multi-Step clustering of Smart Meters Time Series:Application to Demand.Flexibility characterization of SME customers

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computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 869-907页

作者： santiago Bañales Raquel Dormido Natividad Duro Department of computer Sciences and.Automatic control Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia(UNED)Madrid28040Spain Iberdrola Innovation Middle East Doha210177Qatar

customer segmentation according to load-shape profiles using smart meter data is an increasingly important application to vital the planning and.operation of energy systems and.to enable citizens’participation in the energy *** study proposes an innovative multi-step clustering procedure to segment customers based on load-shape patterns at the daily and.intra-daily time *** meter data is split between daily and.hourly normalized time series to assess monthly,weekly,daily,and.hourly seasonality patterns *** dimensionality reduction implicit in the splitting allows a direct approach to clustering raw daily energy time series *** intraday clustering procedure sequentially identifies representative hourly day-unit profiles for each customer and.the entire *** the first time,a step function approach is applied to reduce time series *** attributes embedded in surveys are employed to build external clustering validation metrics using cramer’s V correlation factors and.to identify statistically significant determinants of load-shape in energy *** addition,a time series features engineering approach is used to extract 16 relevant demand.flexibility indicators that characterize customers and.corresponding clusters along four different axes:available Energy(E),Temporal patterns(T),consistency(c),and.Variability(V).The methodology is implemented on a real-world electricity consumption dataset of 325 Small and.Medium-sized Enterprise(SME)customers,identifying 4 daily and.6 hourly easy-to-interpret,well-defined *** application of the methodology includes selecting key parameters via grid search and.a thorough comparison of clustering distances and.methods to ensure the robustness of the *** research can test the scalability of the methodology to larger datasets from various customer segments(households and.large commercial)and.locations with different weather and.socioeconomic conditio

关键词： Electric load clustering load profiling smart meters machine learning data mining demand.flexibility demand.response

Ru/NiMnB spherical cluster pillar for highly proficient green hydrogen electrocatalyst at high current density

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 397-408页

作者： md Ahasan Habib Shusen lin Mehedi Hasan Joni Sumiya Akter Dristy Rutuja Mand.vkar Jae-Hun Jeong Jihoon lee Department of Electronic Engineering College of Electronics and Information Kwangwoon University

Advanced OER/HER electrocatalytic alternatives are crucial for the wide adaptation of green hydrogen ***,Ru/NiMnB spherical cluster pillar （ScP）,denoted as Ru/NiMnB,is synthesized using a combination of electro-deposition and.hydrothermal *** investigation of Ru doping in the NiMnB matrix revealed significant improvements in electrocatalytic *** Ru/NiMnB ScPs demonstrate superior OER/HER activity with low overpotentials of 150 and.103 mV at 50mA/cm2in 1 M KOH,making them highly competitive with state-of-the-art ***,the Ru/NiMnB ScPs exhibit a low 2-E cell voltage of 2.80 V at ultra-high current density of 2,000 m A/cm2in 1 M KOH,outperforming the stand.rd benchmark electrodes of RuO2||Pt/c,thereby positioning Ru/NiMnB as one of the best bifunctional *** ScPs exhibit exceptional high-current characteristics,stability and.corrosion resistance,as evidenced by continuous operation at 1,000 mA/cm2high-current density for over 150 h in 6 M KOH at elevated temperatures under harsh industrial *** a small amount of Ru incorporation significantly enhances the electrocatalytic performances of NiMnB,attributed to increased active sites and.improved intrinsic properties such as conductivity,adsorption/desorption capability and.reaction ***,Ru/NiMnB ScPs present a promising bi-functional electrode concept for efficient green H2production.

关键词： Potassium hydroxide

Polyurethanes from Kraft lignin without Using Isocyanates

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第4期6卷 413-425页

作者： F.J.santiago-Medina M.c.Basso A.Pizzi l.Delmotte lERMAB University of Lorraine27 rue Philippe Seguin88000 EpinalFrance Department of Physics King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Material Science Institute of Mulhouse UMR CNRS 7361University of Upper Alsace15 rue Jean StarckyBP 248868057 Mulhouse CedexFrance

The reaction of a desulphurized kraft lignin with hexamethylene diamine and.dimethyl carbonate has allowed the development of isocyanate-free polyurethane *** present research work is based on previous studies made with hydrolyzable and.condensed tannins,but takes advantage of the higher number of hydroxyl groups present in lignin and.their different aliphatic and.aromatic *** obtained materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight(MAlDI-TOF)mass spectrometry and.solid-state cross-polarization/magic angle spinning(cP MAS)13c nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),which have revealed the presence of urethane *** interpretation of the results has shown a larger number of species than when tannins were used and.has indicated the presence of two types of bonds in the new molecules formed:ionic and.covalent bonds.

关键词： lignin urethanes non-isocyanate polyurethanes MAlDI-TOF FTIR

Status of cry1Ac and.cry2Ab2 resistance in field populations of Helicoverpa zea in Texas, USA

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 487-495页

作者： Joséc.santiago González David l.Kerns Graham P.Head Fei Yang Department of Entomology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA Bayer crop Science St.LouisMissouriUSA

Helicoverpa zea is a major target pest of Bt corn and.Bt ***-evolved resistance of *** to cry1 and.cry2 proteins has been widely reported in the United *** the frequency of resistance alleles in a target insect is critical for Bt resistance *** multiple cases of practical resistance to cry proteins having been documented in ***,there are no data on the current status of alleles conferring resistance to cry1Ac and.cry2Ab2 in field populations of this *** 2018‒2019,a total of 106 F2 families for cry1Ac and.120 F2 families for cry2Ab2 were established using mass mating and.light trap *** screened 13,568 and.15,360 neonates using a discriminatory dose of cry1Ac and.cry2Ab2,*** results showed that 93.4%and.35.0%of the F2 families could survive on the discriminatory dose of cry1Ac and.cry2Ab2,*** estimated resistance allele frequency for cry1Ac in *** ranged from 0.4150 to 0.4975 and.for cry2Ab2 ranged from 0.1097 and.*** data indicate that the frequency of alleles conferring resistance to cry1 and.cry2 proteins in *** in Texas are *** addition,our data suggest the resistance to cry1Ac and.cry2Ab2 in the screened families of *** varies from recessive to *** information in this study provides precise estimates of cry resistance allele frequencies in *** and.increases our understand.ng of the risks to the sustainability of Bt crops.

关键词： allele frequency Bacillus thuringiensis crylAc cry2Ab2 Helicoverpa zea resistance

The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and.their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.Mirand. Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad central del caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and.caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and.*** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and.female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and.female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and.the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and.excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and.caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GlAST EAAT-2/GlT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

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Extraction of Nuclear Matter Properties from Nuclear Masses by a Model of Equation of State

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communications in Theoretical Physics 2001年第11期36卷 583-588页

作者： K.c.chung c.S.Wang A.J.santiago Instituto de Fisica Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro-RJ 20559-900Brazil Instituto de FisicaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro-RJ 20559-900Brazil Instituto de FisicaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro-RJ 20559-900Brazil

The extraction of nuclear matter properties from measured nuclear masses is investigated in the energy density functional formalism of *** is shown that the volume energy a1 and.the nuclear incompressibility Ko depend essentially on μnN -+- pZ - 2EN,whereas the symmetry energy J and.the density symmetry coefficient l as well as symmetry incompressibility Ks depend essentially on μn - μp,where μp ＝μp - Ec/ Z,μn and.μp are the neutron and.proton chemical potentials respectively,EN the nuclear energy,and.Ec the coulomb *** obtained symmetry energy is J ＝ 28.5 MeV,while other coefficients are uncertain within ranges depending on the model of nuclear equation of state.

关键词： nuclear matter properties,nuclear matter equation of state

Nylon 6-cellulose composite hosted in a hypodermic needle: Biofluid extraction and.analysis by ambient mass spectrometry in a single device

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2023年第11期13卷 1346-1352页

作者： Jaime Millan-santiago Rafael lucena Soledad cardenas Affordable and.Sustainable Sample Preparation(AS2P)Research Group Analytical Chemistry DepartmentChemical Institute for Energy and Environment(IQUEMA)University of CordobaE-14071CordobaSpain

This study proposes a hypodermic needle(HN)as a sorbent holder and.an electrospray(ESI)emitter,thus combining extraction and.analysis in a single device.A novel nylon 6-cellulose(N6-cel)composite sorbent is proposed to extract methadone from oral fluid *** cellulosic substrate provides the composite with high porosity,permitting the flow-through of the sample,while the polyamide contributes to the extraction of the *** low price of the devices(considering the holder and.the sorbent)contributes to the affordability of the method,and.their small size allows easy transportation,opening the door to on-site *** the optimum conditions,the analyte can be determined by high-resolution ambient ionization mass spectrometry at a limit of detection(lOD)as low as 0.3 mg/l and.precision(expressed as relative stand.rd deviation,RSD)better than 9.3%.The trueness,expressed as relative recovery(RR),ranged from 90%to 109%.As high-resolution mass spectrometers are not available in many laboratories,the method was also adapted to low-resolution *** this sense,the direct infusion of the eluates in a triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry provided an lOD of 2.2 mg/*** RSD was better than 5.3%,and.the RR ranged from 96%to 121%.

关键词： ESI emitter Mass spectrometry Hypodermic needle composite Methadone

Deduction and.Validation of an Eulerian-Eulerian Model for Turbulent Dilute Two-Phase Flows by Means of the Phase Indicator Function-Disperse Elements Probability Density Function

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chinese Journal of chemical Engineering 2000年第3期8卷 189-202页

作者： santiago laín Ricardo Aliod MVT-UST Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften Martin-Luther-UniversitatHalle-WittenbergD-06099Halle(Saale)GermanyFluid Mechanica DepartmentE.U.Politecnica de Huesca.University of ZaragozaCarretera Zaragoza km.6722071 HuescaSpain

A statistical formalism overcoming some conceptual and.practical difficulties arising in existing two-phase flow (2PHF) mathematical modelling has been applied to propose a model for dilute 2PHF turbulent Hows. Phase interaction terms with a clear physical meaning enter the equations and.the formalism provides some guidelines for the avoidance of closure assumptions or the rational approximation of these terms. continuous phase averaged continuity, momentum, turbulent kinetic energy and.turbulence dissipation rate equations have been rigorously and.systematically obtained in a single step. These equations display a structure similar to that for single-phase flows. It is also assumed that dispersed phase dynamics is well described by a probability density function (pdf) equation and.Eulerian continuity, momentum and.fluctuating kinetic energy equations for the dispersed phase are deduced. An extension of the stand.rd k-e turbulence model for the continuous phase is used. A gradient transport model is adopted for the dispersed phase fluctuating fluxes of momentum and.kinetic energy at the non-colliding, large inertia limit. This model is then used to predict the behaviour of three axisymmetric turbulent jets of air laden with solid particles varying in size and.concentration. Qualitative and.quantitative numerical predictions compare reasonably well with the three different sets of experimental results, studying the influence of particle size, loading ratio and.flow confinement velocity.

关键词： two-phase flow turbulence phase indicator function pdf ensemble average jet

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Heat Absorption and.Joule Heating Effects on Transient Free convective Reactive Micropolar Fluid Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2019年第3期15卷 207-231页

作者： md.Shamshuddin c.Balarama Krishna Department of Mathematics Vaagdevi College of Engineering(Autonomous)WarangalTelanganaIndia Department of Mathematics S R Engineering College(Autonomous)WarangalTelanganaIndia

Mathematical model for an unsteady,incompressible,electrically conducting micropolar fluid past a vertical plate through porous medium with constant plate velocity has been investigated in the present *** absorption,Joulian dissipation,and.first-order chemical reaction is also *** the assumption of low Reynolds number,the governing transport equations are rendered into non-dimensional form and.the transformed first order differential equations are solved by employing an efficient finite element *** of various flow parameters on linear velocity,microrotation velocity,temperature,and.concentration are presented *** effects of heat absorption and.chemical reaction rate decelerate the flow is particularly near the *** friction and.wall couple stress increases as heat absorption increases but the reverse phenomenon is observed in the case of chemical reaction *** mass transfer rate increases for chemical reaction and.Sherwood number increases for heat *** element study is very versatile in simulating unsteady micropolar rheo-materials processing transport ***,a relatively simple reaction effects restricted to first order.

关键词： Heat absorption joule heating chemical reaction micropolar fluid finite element method