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Diagnosis,treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents

World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第4期12卷 344-365页

作者： anastasios serbis Vasileios Giapros Eleni P Kotanidou Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou Ekaterini Siomou Department of Pediatrics University Hospital of IoanninaIoannina 45500Greece Department of Child Health University of IoanninaIoannina 45500Greece Department of Pediatrics Medical SchoolAristotle University ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54636Greece

During the last two decades,there have been several reports of an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) in children and adolescents,especially among those belonging to minority ethnic *** trend,which parallels the increases in prevalence and degree of pediatric obesity,has caused great concern,even though T2 DM remains a relatively rare disease in *** T2 DM differs not only from type 1 diabetes in children,from which it is sometimes difficult to differentiate,but also from T2 DM in adults,since it appears to be an aggressive disease with rapidly progressive β-cell decline,high treatment failure rate,and accelerated development of *** the recent research,many aspects of youth T2 DM still remain unknown,regarding both its pathophysiology and risk factor contribution,and its optimal management and *** management approaches include lifestyle changes,such as improved diet and increased physical activity,together with pharmacological interventions,including metformin,insulin,and the recently approved glucagonlike peptide-1 analog *** is more important for everyone to realize though,from patients,families and physicians to schools,health services and policy-makers alike,is that T2 DM is a largely preventable disease that will be addressed effectively only if its major contributor(i.e.,pediatric obesity) is confronted and prevented at every possible stage of life,from conception until ***,relevant comprehensive,coordinated,and innovative strategies are urgently needed.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Children Adolescents Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

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