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A Piece of a Puzzle of Haplotypes for the Indian Ocean Hawksbill Turtle

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Natural Resources 2017年第8期8卷 548-558页

作者： Rita anastácio Mário Jorge Pereira Departamento de Biologia e CESAM Universidade de Aveiro Aveiro Portugal

The Indian Ocean basin has much to reveal in what concerns marine turtles. Its regional management units (RMUs) are still lacking molecular data to define conservation strategies and priorities. Vamizi Island is one of the best known rookeries in the north of the Mozambique Channel. A mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed 14 haplotypes for the hawksbill turtle’s nesting and foraging in/near Vamizi, twelve of which were new in 2011. Though more studies inside the Channel are needed, Vamizi Island possibly contributes with hatchlings for other locations. More knowledge is important to define priorities for management units inside the Indian Ocean.

关键词： Eretmochelys imbricata mtDNA Haplotype Regional Management Unit Mozambique Channel

Nutrition therapy:Integral part of liver transplant care

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第4期22卷 1513-1522页

作者： Lucilene Rezende anastácio Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia Nutrition Department Universidade Federal do Triângulo MineiroUberaba 38025-440Brazil Department of Surgery Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas Gerais 31270-901Brazil

Managing malnutrition before liver transplantation(LTx) while on the waiting list and, excessive weight gain/metabolic disturbances in post-surgery are still a challenge in LTx care. The aim of this review is to support an interdisciplinary nutrition approach of these patients. Cirrhotic patients are frequently malnourished before LTx and this is associated with a poor prognosis. Although the relation between nutritional status versus survival, successful operation and recovery after LTx is well established, prevalence of malnutrition before the operation is still very high. Emerging research has also demonstrated that sarcopenia pre and post-transplant is highly prevalent, despite the weight gain in the postoperative period. The diagnosis of the nutritional status is the first step to address the adequate nutritional therapy. Nutritional recommendations and therapy to manage the nutritional status of LTx patients are discussed in this review, regarding counseling on adequate diets and findings of the latest research on using certain immunonutrients in these patients(branched chain amino-acids, pre and probiotics). Nutrition associated complications observed after transplantation is also described. They are commonly related to the adverse effects of immunosuppressive drugs, leading to hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia and weight gain. Excessive weight gain and post-transplant metabolic disorders have long been described in post-LTx and should be addressed in order to reduce associated morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Nutritional status Malnutrition Obesity Metabolic syndrome Nutrition therapy Liver transplantation

Spy out to Protect: Sensing Devices for Wildlife Virtual Fencing

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Open Journal of Ecology 2018年第3期8卷 192-208页

作者： Rita anastácio Sérgio Cardoso Mário Jorge Pereira Departamento de Biologia e CESAM Universidade de Aveiro Aveiro Portugal AFPR-BB Aveiro Portugal

To avoid wildlife-human conflict several solutions are used, like electrical fences, the most expensive solution. Nowadays, technology enables alternative and cheaper approaches for conservation projects. A technological device was developed to detect elephants, moving on their habitat, and predict and react by avoiding confrontation with man. The devices were tested in field experiments, and proved to be efficient in capturing floor vibration, and air-sound signals. Collected data also enabled the estimation of the vibration-source by calculus (using triangulation), revealing the importance of the methodology for real-time location and tracking of high mass animals (e.g. elephants). Building up a mesh of devices, separated 25 m from each other, is estimated as possible to monitor and identify different animals (by discriminating patterns) in an area, like a virtual fencing system. Though the devices may be effective for animal behaviour research, or even animal communication analysis, or other Biology field, other applications outside Biology are possible for them, like monitoring of: rock-falling, micro seismic railway, infrastructures, and people movements.

关键词： Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Microseismic Detection Virtual Fencing Free-Ranging Wildlife

Eretmochelys imbricata:Lessons to Learn from a Monitoring Program in the North of Mozambique

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Natural Resources 2017年第5期8卷 382-396页

作者： Rita anastácio Cardoso Lopes Jorge Ferrao Mário Jorge Pereira Departamento de Biologia e CESAM Universidade de AveiroAveiroPortugal Maluane—Cabo Delgado Conservation and Tourism PembaMozambique Universidade Pedagogica MaputoMozambique AFPR—A For Plankton Research AveiroPortugal

Monitoring programs for nesting turtles around the world have been important to build up a matrix of information for better comprehension of their behaviour and dispersion. The Western Indian Ocean has several monitoring programs that are being used to reveal migration routes, phylogenetic interconnections and nesting behaviour patterns. We determined the nesting parameters for 69 records of hawksbill turtles collected during the Vamizi Island monitoring program. We also determined carapace measurements parameters of the turtles caught by fishermen in the area and give some considerations to improve the conservation of this species. Results show that the island receives hawksbill females all year long. Vamizi is a small nesting ground for this species, with an incubation period of 60.9 ± 10.6 days and a high reproductive rate. The turtles’ carapace measurements (SCL 42.0 ± SD 9.0 cm) revealed the existence of young individuals, foraging near the island, and their vulnerability to the fishing practices. This study strongly defends the need to identify more developmental and nesting spots, to be protected near Vamizi, to establish a solid network of marine reserves and corridors in the north of the Mozambique Channel.

关键词： Eretmochelys imbricata Nesting Parameters Mozambique Channel(MZC) Network of Marine Reserves

Sea Turtle Nesting: What Is Known and What Are the Challenges under a Changing Climate Scenario

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第1期12卷 1-35页

作者： Raquel A. M. São Miguel Rita anastácio Mário J. Pereira Department of Biology University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Independent Researcher Aveiro Portugal Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies) University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal

The rate of climate change experienced globally in recent decades may compromise sea turtles’ survival;especially temperature increase, which is particularly fast, impacts life history characteristics, such as temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), late maturity and sea turtles highly migratory nature. This review aims to identify and summarize the information that has been collected from 2009-2020 in order to aid future empirical studies that seek to fill these and other knowledge gaps, and subsequently assist conservationists in making multilevel decisions to protect sea turtle populations and species. In a summarized way the general knowledge acquired so far on the influence of environmental abiotic and biotic factors on nesting behaviour and hatching, emergence and survival successes of sea turtle hatchlings, was gathered. To accomplish this work, a search on Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI/PubMed, and Google Scholar was carried out using the terms “sea turtles + climate change”. Published articles in the period 2009-2020 were selected, related to the nesting ecology of 5 species of sea turtles: Caretta caretta, Eretmochelys imbricata, Dermochelys coriacea, Chelonia mydas, Lepidochelys olivacea. Emphasis was also placed on geographical information and on population location (e.g. climatic conditions during the nesting season). These articles (N = 126) were analysed giving relevance to researcher’s data interpretations, comparisons with other researches, and the reached conclusions. An attempt was made to represent all 5 species of sea turtles when selecting articles on each of the environmental factors that influence sea turtle nesting: temperature, humidity, nesting substrate, gases, depth of the nest, sea surface temperature (SST), nest location on the beach, nesting phenology and geographic distribution of nesting habitats. The interaction between these parameters and their consequences on the terrestr

关键词： Reproductive Ecology Sea Turtles Climate Change Nesting Phenology and Geographic Distribution of Nesting Habitats

The African Elephant (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>): Mini-Review of an Endangered Species

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Natural Resources 2020年第8期11卷 317-350页

作者： Ana Raquel de Sales Rita Sofia Santos anastácio M. J. Pereira Department of Biology University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Independent Researcher Aveiro Portugal

Humankind is responsible for conditioning the distribution of species, including the African elephant. From its great physical form to its fascinating social behaviour, Loxodonta africana can trigger an admiration in some and be undervalued by others, often ending up being a victim of human activities. Increasingly, the apparent impossibility of the coexistence of these two species represents a problem for the conservation of the large African mammal. Here it was reviewed the published bibliography about the African savannah elephant (L. africana), between July 2015 and December 2019. The Web of Science (WoS) database enabled the search for the words “Loxodonta africana”. From this research, we obtained 310 articles, 149 of them were analysed. Elephants have characteristics that define its uniqueness that are constantly reported, such as: its cognition and extraordinary memory, factors that influence its movements and its distribution, its specific vocalization and the strong dependence on social connections. Threats to the conservation of the species and the urgency of interventions are also an important subject of discussion. Poaching for ivory represents a major obstacle on conservation and has been drastically reducing the number of elephant populations and causing future consequences for those who thrive. Law enforcement in reducing/prohibit po

关键词： Behaviour Ecosystem Engineer Environmental Awareness Human-Wildlife Conflict Loxodonta africana Mitigation Strategies Poaching Wildlife Conservation

The Poorly Known Northeast Atlantic Regional Management Unit for Loggerhead (Caretta caretta)

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第8期12卷 529-536页

作者： Inês M. Ferreira Ana Raquel de Sales Mário J. Pereira Rita anastácio Department of Biology University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies) University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Independent Researcher Aveiro Portugal

Loggerheads are distributed by ten Regional Management Units (RMUs) worldwide. The Atlantic Ocean houses three of these: the Northwest, Southwest and Northeast RMUs. The most studied is, so far, the Northwest RMU, but the other two have focused attention of researchers. In contrast, marine turtles from the African Atlantic region (Southeast) belong to a complex but little-known region. What is their role in the Atlantic? Are these RMUs connected? To understand these questions, research was made of reports and publications concerning the Northeast Atlantic (NEA) RMU. The asymmetry in information and available knowledge about NEA is high when compared to other RMUs. This demonstrates that there is still a lack of conservation programs besides Cape Verde, and that there is difficulty in transforming data (nesting ecology, molecular, telemetry, etc.) into publications. However, this issue is evident for other marine turtle species of East African Atlantic. There is a need for better scientific support, to enable local conservation programs to deliver data in reports, and even scientific publications. There are so many aspects of loggerhead’s life cycle that will only be unravelled by more and better supported studies. This is a paper that, by analysing the available information of the NEA loggerhead RMU, reflects the following steps to address in loggerhead conservation for the African Atlantic coast.

关键词： Loggerhead Caretta caretta Regional Management Units African Atlantic Region

Bottom-Up Approach towards a Human Wellbeing Assessment for the Design of a Management Plan:A Study Case with Contributions to Improve Sustainable Management of Resources in a Northern Area of Mozambique

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第17期4卷 1102-1127页

作者： Rita Sofia anastácio Lúcia Nunes Schertenleib Jorge Paiva Jorge Ferrao Mário Jorge Pereira Departamento de Biologia e CESAM Universidade de AveiroAveiroPortugal Faculdade de Ciencias and Centre for Functional Ecology(CFE) Universidade de CoimbraCoimbraPortugal Lúrio University NampulaMozambique Maluane―Cabo Delgado Conservation and Tourism PembaMozambique AFPR―A For Plankton Research AveiroPortugal

The loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services disturbance will result in serious ecological and socioeconomic consequences. How can people be prepared to be more efficient in preserving ecosystems, its services and resources? The Messalo Wilderness Area (MWA) is an area lacking a bottom-up approach for the design of a management plan. This research intended to develop a strategy to gather people’s views to begin a human wellbeing assessment for the area, for which a Digital Questionnaire (DQ) was developed and tested. The specific objectives were to 1) verify the dispersion/distribution of people and elephants;2) study the natural resources used by the inhabitants;3) locate the areas from where the most important natural resources are extracted and where conflict between humans and animals occur;4) propose a Management Plan (MP) capable of mitigating the human-animals conflict, promoting the conservation of elephants and, consequently, of other types of biodiversity, thus working towards a better socio-economical development of the area. The elements gathered in the consulted references were used to design several maps and cartographic figures shown in this article, using the Map Window software. These maps describe: fresh water distribution, habitat distribution, population dispersal and main road connections, crop fields distribution and main exploitation spots of the different resources, orography and topography. The results from the DQ analysis helped to gather indicators to the human wellbeing assessment. The information gathered in the literature and by inquiry was effective in confirming the high dependency of local people on land and sea resources, as well as the conflicts between people and wild animals, such as elephants and African wild dogs, and the reasons for those conflicts. The DQ is effective in gathering people’s opinions and it constitutes an important tool in a bottom-up approach to the design of a management plan as to the design of the MP for

关键词： North of Mozambique Ecosystem Services Ecosystem Based-Management

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传音的肌电描记探测器在临床上的应用

福建医科大学学报 1959年第1期 82-82页

作者： Y.T.Oester.M.D PH-D. TheodoreFields N S. George T.anast M.D. 林秉龢

肌电描记器(EMG)在临床上的应用,为最近十数年之事,但限于设备及深入分析,临床上实践并不便利。作者们在其医院放射性同位素供应室中,以半导体管四级放大耦合成音放大器,肌电输入馈接推挽式励振器,便能用以听测肌电音,整个仪器重不及三... 详细信息

肌电描记器(EMG)在临床上的应用,为最近十数年之事,但限于设备及深入分析,临床上实践并不便利。作者们在其医院放射性同位素供应室中,以半导体管四级放大耦合成音放大器,肌电输入馈接推挽式励振器,便能用以听测肌电音,整个仪器重不及三磅,电源电池连续使用可超过二百小时,振动频率在25—2000足供临床应用,响度达到55分贝耳。

关键词：探测器肌电肌肉生物电势