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Evaluation of ecosystem supply services and calculation of economic value in Kargil District

Regional Sustainability 2022年第2期3卷 157-169页

作者： Sabir HUSSAIN Sheenu SHARMA anand narain singh Soil Ecosystem and Restoration Ecology Lab Department of BotanyPanjab UniversityChandigarh160014India

Mountain ecosystem provides numerous vital ecosystem services(ESs)to the people residing within or near the mountains *** mountains provide services such as timber,fibre,fodder,fuelwood,medicine,aesthetic,recreation,ritual,and religion,and many other services that are vital for the maintenance of the *** mountains of Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions in Kargil District are much familiar for their ESs supply,and the residents have utilized these services for *** present study was focused on the provisioning *** used a random sample approach for household selection and data collection regarding the pre-prepared questionnaire;the number of households was obtained from government census *** primary ESs(identified by more than 40%of the respondents)were assessed through the direct market valuation *** direct market valuation method produced an overwhelming value,specifically for grazing and fodder services in both regions of the study *** showed that grazing service was valued at 482,346.43 USD/a for Barsoo region and 1,458,099.04 USD/a for Tai-Suru ***,fodder service of Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions corresponded to values of 69,833.61 and 110,886.06 USD/a,*** the other hand,food service of Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions was valued at 2601.04 and 2969.90 USD/a,respectively,and medicinal service was valued at 757.39 and 4430.94 USD/a in Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions,*** addition,the regions were economically backwards,and the resident’s survival and well-being relied on the mountain ***,it is not possible for the residents to pay services replacement costs if the services need to replace by other ***,such mountain ecosystem is highly prone to climate change and other human activities that would negatively impact the ecosystem ***,this study would be helpful for the policymakers of the region to draft any developmental plan/framework by integrating the value

关键词： Mountain ecosystem Ecosystem services Sustainability Livelihood Direct market valuation method Barsoo Tai-Suru

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DG指数在定量多样性时的缺陷及其内涵解析

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生物多样性 2009年第5期17卷 524-530页

作者：颜绍馗 anand narain singh 邱红兵张伟东汪思龙崔洋中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所沈阳110016 中国科学院会同森林生态实验站会同418307 Department of Botany Panjab University 广东工业大学应用数学学院广州510006

生物多样性通常使用物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数等来进行度量,但是在土壤动物群落研究中,由于使用了粗水平的分类方法,因此即使生境变化很大,这些多样性指数在评估群落多样性变化时仍然是不适当的。为了克服这... 详细信息

生物多样性通常使用物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数等来进行度量,但是在土壤动物群落研究中,由于使用了粗水平的分类方法,因此即使生境变化很大,这些多样性指数在评估群落多样性变化时仍然是不适当的。为了克服这种限制,廖崇惠(1990,2009)提出用DG指数来代替这些标准的多样性指数,并在土壤动物生态学领域得到了广泛应用。然而笔者分析发现DG指数与Pielou均匀度指数呈显著的负相关关系(r=–0.534,P=0.000),即,高的均匀度反而有低的多样性。另外,DG指数与类群数(r=0.648,P=0.000)和类群密度(r=0.487,P=0.000)呈明显的正相关,类群数的下降可以通过部分类群密度的上升而获得补偿,群落的类群丢失后却可以获得一个不变的甚至更高的多样性值。因此,笔者不支持DG指数用于测度生物多样性,提议使用各类群实际群势与潜在群势比值的平均值来估计群落潜在多度的实现程度。如果继续使用DG指数作为实际生境条件的一个指标,那么与以往不同,DG指数测度的是该生境群落多度增长的一种潜力。

关键词：物种多样性土壤生物土壤指标潜在群势土壤群落

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会同林区林下植被与乔木层树种的关系

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吉首大学学报（自然科学版） 2011年第1期32卷 79-84页

作者：龙凤菊张代贵 anand narain singh 宿秀江颜绍馗汪思龙中国科学院会同森林生态实验站辽宁沈阳110016 湖南保靖县林业局湖南保靖416500 吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院湖南吉首416000 Department of Botany Panjab University

利用NMS排序和主成分分析方法,分离乔木层变量成林分结构和林冠物种组成2个主成分,并以其作为林下植被的环境因子,检查了上层乔木对林下植被多样性、物种组成和集群格局的影响.结果显示林冠的物种组成与林下植被的Shannon多样性显著相关... 详细信息

利用NMS排序和主成分分析方法,分离乔木层变量成林分结构和林冠物种组成2个主成分,并以其作为林下植被的环境因子,检查了上层乔木对林下植被多样性、物种组成和集群格局的影响.结果显示林冠的物种组成与林下植被的Shannon多样性显著相关,而林分结构跟多样性没有直接的联系;林分结构和林冠组成均显著地影响了林下植被的物种分布,像杜英、千年桐、胡颓子、青冈、野柿、黄樟的分布跟林分结构紧密相关,半朔苣苔、华东安蕨、三叶木通、紫楠、香港四照花跟林冠组成紧密相关,然而林冠组成相对于林分结构解释了更多的物种分布;集群格局的零模拟分析还显示林冠组成显著地影响了林下植被的群落格局.本研究结果支持林冠组成是生态系统过程的主要驱动,也表明林冠组成是林下层群落格局形成的原因.

关键词：林冠组成林分结构排序常绿阔叶林

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Julia sets of permutable Holomorphic maps Dedicated to Professor Sheng GONG on the occasion of his 75th birthday

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Science China Mathematics 2006年第11期49卷 1715-1721页

作者： singh anand P Department of Mathematics University of Jammu Jammu-180006India

Let f and g be two permutable transcendental holomorphic maps in the *** shall discuss the dynamical properties of f, g and f o g and prove, among other things, that if either f has no wandering domains or f is of bou... 详细信息

关键词： Julia set, Fatou set, permutable maps.

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Establishing two-stage interaction between fly ash and NaOH by X-ray and infrared analyses

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第2期9卷 216-221页

作者： Bhagwanjee JHA Nevin KOSHY Devendra narain singh Civil Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India

The interaction of the fly ash and NaOH, in an open reflux hydrothermal system at 100℃, has been explored by several researchers and formation of fly ash zeolites has been confirmed based on the X-ray diffraction analysis of the residues. However, this method does not reveal much about the characteristic transitions （viz. elemental, electro-negativity and cation exchange capa- city） of the residues. In this situation, resorting to Fourier transform-infrared radiation （FT-IR） spectroscopy on the residues obtained from two-stage hydrothermal treatment process, described in this manuscript, appears to be a novel idea to establish transitions in chemical bonds （viz., -Si- OH-AI-, OH-Na, OH-A1-）, crystallinity and cation exchange capacity of these residues. Based on extensive studies, it has been demonstrated that FT-IR spectroscopy is extremely useful for 1） detection of chemical bonds in the residues, 2） evaluation of zeolites in the residues and 3） also establishing the superiority of the two-stage interac- tion of the fly ash with NaOH for synthesizing better fly ash zeolites （viz., Na-P1 and Hydroxysodalte） as compared to those obtained from the conventional single-stage treatment of the fly ash.

关键词： hydrothermal treatment alkali activation flyash zeolites X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared radiation (FT-IR) spectroscopy

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In-line digital holography for dynamic metrology of MEMS(Invited Paper)

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Chinese Optics Letters 2009年第12期7卷 1117-1122页

作者： Vijay Raj singh anand Asundi School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University

In-line digital holography helps to relax the spatial resolution requirement on charge-coupled device sensors for digital recording of holograms and to utilize the full sensing area for image reconstruction which provides larger field of view and better imaging resolution. In this letter, a lensless in-line digital holographic microscopy is presented for dynamic metrology of micro-electro-mechanical system devices. The methodologies of interferometry and time-averaged in-line digital holography are presented for dynamic measurements, which are also useful for simultaneous suppression of in-line waves from real image wave. The experimental results are presented for dynamic thermal characterization of microheater and vibration analysis of cantilevers.

关键词： line MEMS

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Discussion on“Dispersion characteristics of clayey soils containing waste rubber particles”[J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 15(2023)3050-3058]

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3864-3865页

作者： Prithvendra singh Devendra narain singh Pintu Kumar Saw Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai400076India

We read with great interest the recent article by Erenson(2023)entitled“Dispersion characteristics of clayey soils containing waste rubber particles”.The author has studied the dispersion characteristics of clayey soils containing different percentages of waste rubber particles(WRPs)by performing several tests(*** limit,linear shrinkage limit,double hydrometer,crumb test and pinhole test)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis on five clayey(***-activated bentonite,refined ball clay,Ukrainian kaolin,Avanos kaolin and Afyon clay)samples containing 0%,5%,10%and 15%*** should be noted that Erenson(2023)has presented some interesting observations,but there are some serious issues that we want to share through this discussion and request the author of the original paper to address them to avoid their persistence in the scientific literature.

关键词： Waste rubber particles Dispersion characteristics Clay Bentonite Scientific literature Discussion

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Single-stage Five-level Common Ground Transformerless Inverter with Extendable Structure for Centralized Photovoltaics

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第1期9卷 37-49页

作者： Vishal anand Varsha singh Jagabar Sathik Dhafer Almakhles Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology RaipurIndia Renewable Energy Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur Campus603203-Tamil NaduIndia

The paper presents a five-level common ground type(5L-CGT),transformer-less inverter topology with double voltage *** proposed inverter uses eight switches and two capacitors,charged at input voltage *** inverter in its basic form acts as a string inverter for low-power PV ***,it can be extended to work as a scalable multi-level inverter with higher power handling capability to act as a centralized *** working of the inverter with the sizing of the components is presented with mathematical *** efficiency of the proposed PV inverter is found using thermal losses associated with switches using PLECS software.A prototype of 1 kW has been designed,and experimentation has been carried *** loads with a lagging power factor up to 0.6 have been tested with the inverter to establish the usability of the proposed inverter in a worst-case emulated homeuse *** total harmonic distortion(THD)at the output has been recorded using a power quality analyzer with voltage and current THD values of 4.5%and 2.5%,respectively,which lies within the limits of IEEE 519 *** highest power conversion efficiency of the inverter has been recorded to be 96.20%.

关键词： Active and reactive power boost inverter common mode voltage(CMV)grid-tied inverters inrush current leakage current photovoltaics

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Numerical Analysis of Phase Change and Container Materials for Thermal Energy Storage in the Storage Tank of Solar Water Heating System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 408-421页

作者： singh Shailendra anand Abhishek SHUKLA Amritanshu SHARMA Atul Non-Conventional Energy Laboratory Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum TechnologyJais Amethi229304India

This study evaluates the effectiveness of phase change materials(PCMs) inside a storage tank of warm water for solar water heating(SWH) system through the theoretical simulation based on the experimental model of *** et *** model is explained by five fundamental equations for the calculation of various parameters like the effectiveness of PCMs,the mass of hot water,total heat content,and duration of *** study simulated eleven PCMs to analyze their effectiveness like Sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate(SHPD),OM 37,N-Eicosane(NE),Lauric acid(LA),Paraffin wax(PW),OM 48,Paraffin wax C_(20-33)(PW-C20-33),Sodium acetate trihydrate(SAT),Palmitic acid(PA),Myristic acid(MA),and Stearic acid(SA).Among all PCMs,the SHPD has found the highest value of effectiveness factor of ***,it is the most recommended PCM for the storage tank of the SWH *** study also includes the melt fraction analysis of all enumerated PCMs corresponding to container materials of stainless steel,glass,aluminum mixed,tin,aluminum,and *** melt fraction analysis is performed by making a coding program in the FORTRAN programming *** the analysis,copper container material is found to have high melting rate for all PCMs so it is superior to other container materials.

关键词： theoretical model solar water heating system phase change material effectiveness factor melt fraction

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Effect of sample size on the fluid flow through a single fractured granitoid

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2016年第3期8卷 329-340页

作者： Kunal Kumar singh Devendra narain singh Ranjith Pathegama Gamage Geohazards and Engineering Geology Division Geological Survey of India Bandlaguda Hyderabad 500068 India Geotechnical Engineering Division Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India Department of Civil Engineering Monash University Clayton Melbourne Vic 3800 Australia

Most of deep geological engineered structures, such as rock caverns, nuclear waste disposal repositories, metro rail tunnels, multi-layer underground parking, are constructed within hard crystalline rocks because of their high quality and low matrix permeability. In such rocks, fluid flows mainly through fractures. Quantification of fractures along with the behavior of the fluid flow through them, at different scales, becomes quite important. Earlier studies have revealed the influence of sample size on the confining stress-permeability relationship and it has been demonstrated that permeability of the fractured rock mass decreases with an increase in sample size. However, most of the researchers have employed numerical simulations to model fluid flow through the fractureJfracture network, or laboratory investigations on intact rock samples with diameter ranging between 38 mm and 45 cm and the diameter-to-length ratio of 1：2 using different experimental methods. Also, the confining stress, 03, has been considered to be less than 30 MPa and the effect of fracture roughness has been ignored. In the present study, an extension of the previous studies on ＂laboratory simulation of flow through single fractured granite＂ was conducted, in which consistent fluid flow experiments were performed on cylindrical samples of granitoids of two different sizes （38 mm and 54 mm in diameters）, containing a ＂rough walled single fracture＂. These experiments were performed under varied confining pressure （03 - 5-40 MPa）, fluid pressure （fp ≤ 25 MPa）, and fracture roughness. The results indicate that a nonlinear relationship exists between the discharge, Q, and the effective confining pressure, σeff., and Q decreases with an increase in σeff.. Also, the effects of sample size and fracture roughness do not persist when O＇eff. ≥ 20 MPa. It is expected that such a study will be quite useful in correlating and extrapolating the laboratory scale investigations to in-situ scale and further imp

关键词： Rock massSingle fractureFluid flowSample sizeSize effectFracture roughness

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