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Management of hepatitis C virus infection in HIV/HCV co-infected patients: Clinical review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第30期15卷 3713-3724页

作者： Ashwani K Singal Bhupinderjit S anand Divsion of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77555-0764 United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77555-0764 United States

Nearly one fourth of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the US and Western Europe. With the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the consequent reduction in opportunistic infections, resulting in the prolongation of the life span of HIV-infected patients, HCV co-infection has emerged as a signif icant factor influencing the survival of HIV patients. Patients with HIV/HCV co-infection have a faster rate of fibrosis progression resulting in more frequent occurrences of cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanism of interaction between the two viruses is not completely understood. The treatment for HCV in co-infected patients is similar to that of HCV monoinfection; i.e., a combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. The presence of any barriers to antiHCV therapy should be identified and eliminated in order to recruit all eligible patients. The response to treatment in co-infected patients is inferior compared to the response in patients with HCV mono-infection. The sustained virologic response rate is only 38% for genotype-1 and 75% for genotype-2 and -3 infections. Liver transplantation is no longer considered a contraindication for end-stage liver disease in coinfected patients. However, the 5 year survival rate is lower in co-infected patients compared to patients with HCV mono-infection (33% vs 72%, P = 0.07). A better understanding of liver disease in co-infected patients is needed to derive new strategies for improving outcome and survival.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Human immunodeficiencyvirus Coinfection Pegylated interferon Ribavirin

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Administration of Fenugreek Seed Extract Produces Better Effects in Glibenclamide-Induced Inhibition in Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation: An in vitro Study

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第4期25卷 278-284页

作者： Sharma Neha Kar anand Panda Sunanda School of Life Sciences Devi Ahilya UniversityTakshashila CampusIndore452017India

Objective: To evaluate the comparative effects of fenugreek(Trigonel a foenum graecum) seed extract(FSE) alone and in combination with an antidiabetic conventional medicine,glibenclamide(GLB),on the inhibition of in vitro lipid peroxidation(LPO) in liver,the major target organ of a ***: LPO was induced by ferrous sulphate(Fe So4),hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2) and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) and the effects of test seed extract and/or GLB were ***: While Fe So4,H2 O2 and CCl4 markedly enhanced the hepatic LPO,simultaneous administration of FSE reduced it in a concentration dependent ***,when both FSE and GLB were added to the incubation mixture,chemical y induced hepatic LPO was further *** test extract also exhibited high antioxidative activity in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and in 2,2'-azino-bis,3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical scavenging ***: FSE therapy in moderate concentration along with a hypoglycemic drug may prove to be advantageous in ameliorating diabetes mel itus and other diseases that are LPO mediated.

关键词： fenugreek glibenclamide antioxidant activity lipid peroxidation

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Assessment of active tectonics from geomorphic indices and morphometric parameters in part of Ganga basin

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第8期16卷 1943-1961页

作者： Aditya Kumar anand Sarada Prasad PRADHAN Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Ganga river basins exposed to active erosional and deformational processes. The recurrence of landslides, floods, and seismic activities makes it more susceptible to deformational activities. The tectonic analysis using geomorphic indices and morphometric parameters will help in determining the hazard-prone area of the river basin. Geomorphic indices and morphometric parameters are calculated to investigate the role of neotectonic activities, as it acts as a controlling factor in the development of landforms in the tectonically active terrains. Neotectonic activities influence the terrain topography, which significantly affects the drainage system and geomorphological setup of the area. In this study, the assessment of active tectonics of study area was determined using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model(GDEM) based on Geomorphic Indices(Stream Length Gradient index, Hypsometric integral, Asymmetry factor, Basin shape, Valley floor width to Valley height ratio, Mountain front sinuosity index) cumulatively with Linear, Areal and Relief morphometric parameters on 27 delineated basins of the study area. The combined classification of Relative Tectonic Activity Index(Iat) and morphometric parameters of 27 basins categorized all the zones into four different classes:Class 1 – Very High(2.21;299 km^2). The basins with tectonic activities have a consistent relationship with structural disturbances, basin geometry, and field studies. The tectonically active zonation of a part of Ganga basin using geomorphic indices and morphometric parameters suggest that it has significant influence of neotectonic activities in a part of Ganga basin.

关键词： Linear parameters Areal parameters Relief parameters Geomorphic Indices Relative Tectonic Activity Index Ganga river basins

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Insights into channel potentials and electron quasi-Fermi potentials for DG tunnel FETs

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第1期36卷 76-81页

作者： Menka anand Bulusu S.Dasgupta Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR) RoorkeeUttarakhand India

A detailed investigation carried out, with the help of extensive simulations using the TCAD device simulator Sentaurus, with the aim of achieving an understanding of the effects of variations in gate and drain potentials on the device characteristics of a silicon double-gate tunnel field effect transistor（Si-DG TFET） is reported in this paper. The investigation is mainly aimed at studying electrical properties such as the electric potential, the electron density, and the electron quasi-Fermi potential in a channel. From the simulation results, it is found that the electrical properties in the channel region of the DG TFET are different from those for a DG MOSFET. It is observed that the central channel potential of the DG TFET is not pinned to a fixed potential even after the threshold is passed（as in the case of the DG MOSFET）; instead, it initially increases and later on decreases with increasing gate voltage, and this is also the behavior exhibited by the surface potential of the device. However, the drain current always increases with the applied gate voltage. It is also observed that the electron quasi-Fermi potential（e QFP）decreases as the channel potential starts to decrease, and there are hiphops in the channel e QFP for higher applied drain voltages. The channel regime resistance is also observed for higher gate length, which has a great effect on the I–V characteristics of the DG TFET device. These channel regime electrical properties will be very useful for determining the tunneling current; thus these results may have further uses in developing analytical current models.

关键词： Si-DG TFET electron quasi-Fermi potential I–V characteristics drain extension regime resistance resistive drop channel properties

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Eosinophilic esophagitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第1期15卷 17-24页

作者： anand R Gupte Peter V Draganov Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Florida1600 SW Archer Rd Room HD 602 PO Box 100214 Gainesville Florida 32610 United States

Eosinophilic esophagitis is increasingly recognized in adults. The diagnosis is based on the presence of both typical symptoms and pathologic findings on esophageal biopsy. Patients usually present with dysphagia, food impaction and/or reflux-like symptoms, and biopsy of the esophagus shows more than 15 eosinophils per high-power fi eld. In addition, it is essential to exclude the presence of known causes of tissue eosinophilia such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, infections, malignancy, collagen vascular diseases, hypersensitivity, and inflammatory bowel disease. There are no standardized protocols for the therapy of eosinophilic esophagitis. A variety of therapeutic approaches including acid suppression, dietary modifications, topical corticosteroids and endoscopic dilation can be used alone or in combination.

关键词： Eosinophilic esophagitis Dysphagia Endoscopic dilation Reflux Gastro esophageal refluxdisease

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Learning to predict single-wall carbon nanotube-recognition DNA sequences

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 1085-1091页

作者： Yoona Yang Ming Zheng anand Jagota Department of Chemical&Biomolecular Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA Materials Science and Engineering Division National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Department of Bioengineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA

DNA/single-wall carbon nanotube(SWCNT)hybrids have enabled many applications because of their special ability to disperse and sort SWCNTs by their chirality and *** work has been done to discover sequences which recognize specific chiralities of SWCNT,and significant progress has been made in understanding the underlying structure and thermodynamics of these ***,de novo prediction of recognition sequences remains essentially impossible and the success rate for their discovery by search of the vast single-stranded DNA library is very ***,we report an effective way of predicting recognition sequences based on machine learning analysis of existing experimental sequence data *** input feature construction methods(position-specific,term-frequency,combined or segmented term frequency vector,and motif-based feature)were used and *** transformed features were used to train several classifier algorithms(logistic regression,support vector machine,and artificial neural network).Trained models were used to predict new sets of recognition sequences,and consensus among a number of models was used successfully to counteract the limited size of the data *** were tested using aqueous two-phase *** data thus acquired were used to retrain the models by adding an experimentally tested new set of predicted sequences to the original *** frequency of finding correct recognition sequences by the trained model increased to>50% from the~10% success rate in the original training data set.

关键词： carbon recognition thermodynamics

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Search for H I emission from superdisk candidates associated with radio galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第6期19卷 71-78页

作者： Abhijeet anand Nirupam Roy Gopal-Krishna Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1 D-85741 Garching Germany Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore - 560012 India Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) Manora Peak Nainital - 263129 India Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie Auf dem Hugel 69 53121 Bonn Germany

Giant gaseous layers(termed “superdisks”) have been hypothesized in the past to account for the strip-like radio emission gap(or straight-edged central brightness depression) observed between twin radio lobes, in over a dozen relatively nearby powerful Fanaroff-Riley Class II radio galaxies. They could also provide a plausible alternative explanation for a range of observations. Although a number of explanations have been proposed for the origin of the superdisks, little is known about their material content. Some X-ray observations of superdisk candidates indicate the presence of hot gas, but a cool dusty medium also seems to be common. If they are entirely or partly composed of neutral gas, then it may be directly detectable and we report here a first attempt to detect/image any neutral hydrogen gas present in the superdisks that are inferred to be present in four nearby radio galaxies. We have not found a positive H I signal in any of the four sources, resulting in tight upper limits on the H I number density in the postulated superdisks,estimated directly from the central rms noise values of the final radio continuum subtracted image. The estimated ranges of the upper limit on neutral hydrogen number density and column density are 10^-4-10^-3 atoms per cm3 and 10^19-10^20 atoms per cm^2, respectively. No positive H I signal is detected even after combining all the four available H I images(with inverse variance weighting). This clearly rules out an H I dominated superdisk as a viable model to explain these structures, however, the possibility of a superdisk being composed of warm/hot gas still remains open.

关键词： galaxies:active galaxies:general galaxies:structure radio lines:galaxies

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Performance study of jute-epoxy composites/sandwiches under normal ballistic impact

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第4期16卷 947-955页

作者： Sangamesh Rajole K.S.Ravishankar S.M.kulkarni Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkalMangalore 575025India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkalMangalore 575025India

This study is undertaken to explore the use of natural fiber Jute-epoxy(JE),Jute-epoxy-rubber(JRE)sandwich composite for ballistic energy *** absorbed and residual velocities for these composites are evaluated analytically and through Finite Element Analysis(FEA).FE analysis of JE plates is carried out for different thicknesses(3,5,10 and 15 mm).JE plates and JRE sandwiches having the same thickness(15 mm) are fabricated and tested to measure residual velocity and energy *** analytical results are found to agree well with the results of FE analysis with a maximum error of 9%.The study on JE composite plate reveals that thickness influences the energy *** and FE analysis study showed that JRE sandwiches have better energy absorption than JE *** absorption of a JRE sandwich is about 71% greater than JE *** obtained from FEA and testing are in good agreement,SEM analysis confirms composites failed by fiber rupture and fragmentation.

关键词： Energy absorption Composites Polymer composites Ballistic impact High velocity impact

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Convolutional Neural Network Model for Fire Detection in Real-Time Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 2289-2307页

作者： Abdul Rehman Dongsun Kim anand Paul School of Computer Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea

Disasters such as conflagration,toxic smoke,harmful gas or chemical leakage,and many other catastrophes in the industrial environment caused by hazardous distance from the peril are *** calamities are causing massive fiscal and human life ***,Wireless Sensors Network-based adroit monitoring and early warning of these dangerous incidents will hamper fiscal and social *** authors have proposed an early fire detection system uses machine and/or deep learning *** article presents an Intelligent Industrial Monitoring System(IIMS)and introduces an Industrial Smart Social Agent(ISSA)in the Industrial SIoT(ISIoT)*** proffered ISSA empowers smart surveillance objects to communicate autonomously with other *** Industrial IoT(IIoT)entity gets authorization from the ISSA to interact and work together to improve surveillance in any industrial *** ISSA uses machine and deep learning algorithms for fire-related incident detection in the industrial *** authors have modeled a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and compared it with the four existing models named,FireNet,Deep FireNet,Deep FireNet V2,and Efficient Net for identifying the *** train our model,we used fire images and smoke sensor *** image dataset contains fire,smoke,and no fire *** evaluation,the proposed and existing models have been tested on the *** to the comparative analysis,our CNN model outperforms other state-of-the-art models significantly.

关键词： Fire detection industrial surveillance system smart devices smart social agent(SSA) machine learning algorithms CNN

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Magnetic ferrite/carbonized cotton fiber composites for improving electromagnetic absorption properties at gigahertz frequencies

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第27期86卷 127-138页

作者： Sateesh Bandaru Narashima Murthy Ravindra kulkarni Niall J.English School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Scinva Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd Kumbalagodu Industrial AreaBangaloreIndia BVDU’s Poona College of Pharmacy ErandawanePuneIndia

Ferrite/carbon composited materials,especially the bio-derived composited materials possessing both environmental friendliness and outstanding microwave absorption performance,attract numerous attentions for solving the"electromagnetic problem"in the Gigahertz frequency *** this work,we demonstrate a bio-derived ferrite/carbon material by compositing functional carbonized cotton fibers(CCFs)and Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles with optimized microwave-absorption *** adjusting the carbonization conditions systematically,the Fe_(3)O_(4)loading contents and the microwave absorption properties can be varied simultaneously-and,indeed,optimized and *** CCFs-Fe_(3)O_(4)composites exhibited a minimum reflection-loss capacity RL(d B)of-56.8 d B at 10.9 GHz with a thickness of 1.67 mm,and its effective absorption bandwidth(RL(d B)<-20 d B)was found to broaden to 7.1 *** characterizations,coupled with microstructure analyses,revealed that the enhancement in microwave absorption was triggered by the different microstructures of CCFs-Fe_(3)O_(4)composites-attributable to the different carbonization *** different conditions result in different amounts of Fe_(3)O_(4)attachment sites and lead to the enhancement of dielectric polarization at localized *** present work of bio-derived ferrite/carbon materials has important implications in understanding structure-performance relationships in dielectric-magnetic materials,and,meanwhile,could well be extended to a microwave-absorber design approach.

关键词： Electromagnetic absorption Bio-derived material Dielectric-magnetic composite Interfacial polarization

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